OVERVIEW: The Vera-E ELS is a is a truck mobile, ESM system for passive direction finding and locating airborne emitters operating in the B-J (NATO) or VHF-KU (IEEE) bands. 

DETAILS: The Vera-E uses Differential Time of Arrival (DTOA) capabilities to locate both airborne and surface emitters.

The deployed system typically comprises a central site containing the signal processing equipment and an ESM receiver and two or three side sites containing only an ESM receiver. The receivers typically are targeted against emitters such as secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponders, identify friend or foe (IFF) transponders, airborne radars, weather radars, tactical air navigation (TACAN) transponders, distance measurement equipment (DME) beacons, digital communications signals, and pulsed jamming signals.  The received signals are transmitted to the central site over a microwave link. The central site uses the known propagation delay from the side sites to estimate the TDOA of the pulses at each site.  The side sites are usually deployed 15-40 km from the central site, providing a compromise of coverage and accuracy.  The system can provide a 2D location with reception from two receivers, and a 3D location with reception from 3 or more receivers. Up to 200 targets can be automatically tracked simultaneously.


Specifications:

Frequency: 		 1-18 GHz (B-J Bands (NATO), VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, KU Bands (IEEE)))  
	
Range Resolution:	 unknown m (range), unknown degrees azimuth 					
On/Off time:		 unknown
Deploy/Stow Time	 ?? min / ?? min
Max Range:		 450 km+ (radar horizon)

NOTES:  IOC 2006 or earlier.  Exported to Malaysia, Estonia, Pakistan and the United States. 

SOURCES:"VERA-NG." ERA A.s. Accessed August 9, 2021. https://www.era.aero/en/military-security/vera-ng ; "VERA Passive Sensor." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified December 23, 2005. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VERA_passive_sensor.
