OVERVIEW: The BLU-82/B is a large, high-explosive, free-fall bomb designed for instant area clearance and shock-effect attacks. Warhead weight: Approximately 12,600 lb (5,715 kg) of GSX slurry (ammonium nitrate, aluminum powder, and polystyrene).

DETAIL: Developed by the United States in the 1960s, the BLU-82/B was created to clear helicopter landing zones in dense jungle environments, particularly during the Vietnam War. The bomb uses a fuel-enhanced slurry explosive composition designed to maximize blast radius without nuclear fallout. Upon detonation, the weapon produces a devastating overpressure and fireball effect capable of clearing vegetation and destroying soft targets over a large area.

The BLU-82/B is delivered by cargo aircraft such as the MC-130, using a parachute-retarded system to ensure horizontal release before free-fall detonation. Its blast radius exceeds several hundred meters, making it ideal for psychological warfare, area denial, and anti-personnel/anti-material operations. Despite its mass, the bomb had a limited penetration ability and was not suitable for hardened targets.

It was used in Vietnam, the Gulf War, and early stages of Operation Enduring Freedom. It has since been replaced by the more advanced GBU-43/B MOAB.

NOTE:
IOC: 1970
Operators: United States (USAF, AFSOC)
Platform: MC-130 Combat Talon, C-130 variants
Conflicts: Vietnam War, Gulf War, Afghanistan (2001)

SOURCE:
U.S. Air Force Armament Museum ; Jane’s Weapons: Air-Launched ; Department of Defense, Historical Munition Fact Sheets ; Federation of American Scientists (FAS) ; U.S. Navy Weapon Systems Explosive Ordnance Disposal publication https://www.afsoc.af.mil ; https://www.fas.org ; https://www.afmuseum.com ; https://www.janes.com