OVERVIEW: The MO-1.01.04 is an unguided, short-range, thermobaric artillery rocket designed for use in area saturation and fortified position attacks. It is launched from the TOS-1 Buratino system and equipped with a thermobaric warhead weighing approximately 90 kg.

DETAILS: The MO-1.01.04 rocket is part of the Soviet/Russian 220mm heavy flamethrower system, developed for direct fire support against entrenched infantry, bunkers, and lightly armored vehicles. The designation "MO" indicates "Munition for Operational-tactical use," with the 220mm caliber allowing for a large thermobaric charge. It uses a solid-propellant motor and stabilizing fins to maintain a consistent ballistic trajectory. Maximum range is approximately 3.5 kilometers, with the blast radius capable of neutralizing targets over a wide area through overpressure and heat.

The MO-1.01.04 is the primary rocket of the TOS-1 Buratino system, which carries 30 launch tubes mounted on a modified T-72 chassis. This variant focuses on close-support firepower for urban or fortified terrain, utilizing saturation salvos of thermobaric warheads to devastate enemy defensive positions.

It is launched from a mechanized TOS-1 platform, typically programmed and aligned by onboard fire-control and targeting systems using external spotter data or pre-surveyed coordinates. The system operates under NBC-protected conditions with rapid salvo capability to neutralize multiple targets within seconds.

NOTE:
IOC: 1987
Operators: Russia, Kazakhstan, Syria, Iraq
Platforms: TOS-1 (Object 634B) on T-72 chassis
Conflict used in: Second Chechen War (1999), Syrian Civil War (2015), Iraq War (2014), Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (2020), Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022)

SOURCE:
Russian Ministry of Defence ; Army Recognition: https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_heavy_flame_thrower_system/tos-1_buratino_heavy_flame_thrower_system_data_sheet.html ; SIPRI Arms Transfers Database ; Jane’s Land Warfare Platforms: Artillery & Air Defence ; Rosoboronexport Catalog (Archived)