OVERVIEW: Aerial towed targets are passive decoy systems deployed behind aircraft to simulate real or radar-visible targets for live-fire and tracking exercises. They are primarily used for training anti-aircraft gunners, missile crews, and radar operators.

DETAILS: These targets are connected to the towing aircraft by a cable and deployed to trail at a safe distance behind. The towed body can be a fabric banner, a radar-reflective rigid structure, or a heat-emitting form depending on the training requirement. They are designed to provide a safe, expendable alternative to manned or drone targets during air defense and air-to-air weapon training.

Common types include radar-reflective banners and rigid cylindrical targets used in conjunction with reeling machines and winches. Their construction typically includes lightweight materials, corner reflectors, or coatings to simulate real aircraft signatures.

FUNCTION: Once deployed, the aerial towed target trails behind the towing aircraft and serves as an aim point for radar tracking or live-fire exercises. It allows personnel to train on detecting, locking onto, and engaging moving airborne targets without endangering the host aircraft.

NOTE:
IOC: 1950s (generic system introduction), remains in continuous use in multiple updated forms

SOURCE:
U.S. Army FM 3-01.11 ; Jane’s Air-Launched Weapons ; Ordtech Military Industries: https://ordtech-industries.com/aerial-targets-tdu-32a-b-and-tdu-32b-b/ ; U.S. Navy Target Systems Guide ; NATO Air Targeting Training Manuals