OVERVIEW: The S 131 *Hangor* [Daphne] is a diesel-electric attack submarine operated by the Pakistan Navy.

DETAILS: The *Hangor* represents a significant addition to the Pakistan Navy's submarine force, originally procured from France. These submarines, of the Daphne-class, were designed in the late 1950s and early 1960s and were a mainstay of numerous navies during the Cold War. The design emphasizes a compact, relatively quiet platform suitable for operations in littoral environments, providing a potent anti-shipping and anti-submarine capability. While conceptually older than some more modern submarine designs, the *Hangor* has likely undergone refits and upgrades throughout its service life, extending its operational relevance into the present day. The *Hangor* provides Pakistan with a cost-effective submarine platform for maintaining a credible underwater presence.

The primary roles of the *Hangor* are Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW). The submarine would likely be deployed to patrol strategic sea lanes and coastal waters, acting as a deterrent against hostile surface combatants and submarines. It could also be utilized for intelligence gathering and special operations missions, although its specific capabilities in these areas remain classified. The *Hangor*'s diesel-electric propulsion system allows for periods of quiet operation while submerged, making it difficult to detect. This stealth capability is crucial for both offensive and defensive operations, allowing the submarine to effectively stalk its targets or evade detection by enemy forces.

The sensor suite of the *Hangor* includes a TRS 3100 Calypso III [DRUA 33C] radar, providing surface search and navigation capabilities. The DUUX 2A, DUUA 2A, DUUA 1A, DSUV 2, and DUUG 1A sonars provide passive and active detection capabilities, enabling the submarine to detect and track surface and subsurface contacts at varying ranges. The presence of both optical and LLTV submarine periscopes suggests a capability for visual reconnaissance and target identification in both daylight and low-light conditions. The three 550mm torpedo tubes allow the *Hangor* to engage surface ships and submarines with wire-guided torpedoes. The specifics of the torpedo types carried are unknown, but they likely include a mix of anti-ship and anti-submarine variants.

SPECIFICATION: Length: 57.8 m || Beam: 6.7 m || Draft: 5.3 m || Disp: 860 t

SENSORS: TRS 3100 Calypso III [DRUA 33C] || DUUX 2A || DUUA 2A || DUUA 1A || DSUV 2 || DUUG 1A || Generic Submarine Periscope, Optical || Generic Submarine Periscope, LLTV

ARMAMENT: 550mm TT || 550mm TT || 550mm TT