**OVERVIEW:** The PAP 104 Mk2 ROV is a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) submarine designed for mine disposal operations.

**DETAILS:**
The PAP 104 Mk2 represents an early generation of remotely operated vehicles developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the first units entering service in 1973. Its development was driven by the increasing threat posed by naval mines in coastal waters and strategic chokepoints. The PAP 104 Mk2 was conceived as a cost-effective and safe alternative to traditional mine clearance divers, providing a means to identify and neutralize mines from a safe distance. The design emphasizes maneuverability and ease of operation, allowing trained technicians to pilot the ROV in complex underwater environments. The system's relatively small size facilitated deployment from a variety of platforms, including dedicated minehunters, support vessels, and even some larger warships. The PAP 104 program reflected a broader trend in naval warfare towards unmanned systems and remote control technologies, aiming to reduce the risk to personnel during hazardous operations.

The primary role of the PAP 104 Mk2 is Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), specifically the identification, inspection, and neutralization of naval mines. While not designed for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Anti-Air Warfare (AAW), or Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW) roles, its mine disposal capabilities are crucial for maintaining sea lanes and protecting naval assets. The ROV's operational procedure typically involves deploying it from a support vessel to a suspected mine location. Once submerged, the ROV transmits video imagery back to the operator, who uses the onboard Generic LLTV (Low Light Television) camera to visually identify and classify the mine. The operator then maneuvers the ROV into position to deploy the Generic Explosive Charge, which is detonated remotely to neutralize the mine. The system significantly enhances the safety and efficiency of mine clearance operations compared to previous methods.

The PAP 104 Mk2 is a relatively compact ROV, designed for shallow to mid-water operations. Its dimensions provide excellent maneuverability in confined underwater spaces. Propulsion is achieved through a system of electric thrusters, allowing for precise control of movement in all axes. The onboard Generic LLTV provides clear video imagery even in low-light conditions, crucial for identifying mines in murky waters. The Generic Explosive Charge is designed for single-use mine disposal, typically comprising a shaped charge designed to disrupt the mine's detonating mechanism or physically destroy the mine. Power and control signals are transmitted to the ROV via an umbilical cable connected to the operator's console.

**SPECIFICATION:** Length: 2.7 m || Beam: 1.2 m || Draft: 1.2 m || Disp: 1 t

**SENSORS:** Generic Explosive Charge Mine Disposal || Generic LLTV

**ARMAMENT:** None