OVERVIEW: The S 139 *Hamza* [Khalid Class, Agosta 90B] is a diesel-electric attack submarine (SSK) operated by the Pakistan Navy. Commissioned in 2017, it represents a significant upgrade to Pakistan's submarine capabilities.

DETAILS: The *Khalid* class submarine is a variant of the French Agosta 90B design, built under license in Pakistan. The program represents a long-standing defense relationship between France and Pakistan, transferring significant technology and shipbuilding expertise. The Agosta 90B design emphasizes acoustic stealth, featuring a double-hull construction and advanced noise reduction measures. The design improvements over the original Agosta class focus on enhanced sonar capabilities, a modern combat management system, and the ability to launch anti-ship missiles. The acquisition and subsequent indigenous construction of the *Khalid* class underscores Pakistan's strategic commitment to maintaining a credible undersea deterrent and protecting its maritime interests. The *Hamza*, being commissioned relatively recently, benefits from any modernization upgrades applied to the class as a whole based on operational experience.

The primary roles of the *Hamza* are anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASuW), and intelligence gathering. In an ASW role, the boat uses its advanced sonar suite to detect and track enemy submarines, providing a crucial defensive capability. The TSM 2233M Scylla sonar, with its DSUV 2H towed array and DUUA 2D flank array, significantly enhances the boat's ability to detect and classify underwater targets at extended ranges. The TRS 3100 Calypso III (DRUA 33C) radar provides surface search and navigation capabilities. For ASuW engagements, the submarine is equipped to launch anti-ship missiles from its 533mm torpedo tubes, enabling it to engage surface combatants effectively. The TSM 2255 fire control system integrates sensor data and provides targeting solutions for both torpedoes and missiles.

The *Hamza's* sensor suite provides a comprehensive picture of the underwater and surface environment. The installation of the TSM 2933 Lamproie intercept receiver enables the detection of enemy radar emissions, providing valuable situational awareness. The DR 3000U electronic support measures (ESM) system further enhances this capability. The presence of both optical and low-light television (LLTV) periscopes allows for visual reconnaissance and surveillance. The TSM 2243 navigation radar provides accurate positioning and navigation data. The submarine's stealth characteristics, combined with its sensor capabilities and offensive armament, make it a formidable platform for both defensive and offensive operations. The signal ejector presumably allows for the launching of decoys or communication buoys.

SPECIFICATION: Length: 67.6 m || Beam: 6.8 m || Draft: 5.4 m || Disp: 1490 t

SENSORS: TRS 3100 Calypso III [DRUA 33C] || DR 3000U || TSM 2233M Scylla [DSUV 2H + DUUA 2D] || TSM 2255 || TSM 2933 Lamproie || TSM 2243 || Generic Submarine Periscope, Optical || Generic Submarine Periscope, LLTV

ARMAMENT: Signal Ejector || 533mm TT