// id	Name	Player	State	Province	Infantry	Cavalry	Artillery	Attribute1	Attribute2	Special1	Special2	Gun	Morale	Flag	History
1	Crazy_Delawares	1	4	0	1	0	0	5	0	3	-1	0	0	0	"Delaware's_2nd_Volunteer_Regiment_was_mustered_in_on_May_21,_1861,_in_response_to_the_federal_government's_second_call_to_arms._Attached_to_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_this_regiment_served_in_all_of_its_major_battles_until_it_mustered_out_in_mid-1864."
2	Scotch_Regiment	1	7	140	1	0	0	15	11	-1	0	0	0	0	"There_were_two_Illinois_regiments_known_as_the_“Scotch_Regiment”_–_the_12th_Illinois_Volunteer_Infantry_(a.k.a._the_1st_Scotch_Regiment),_and_the_65th_Illinois_Volunteer_Regiment_(a.k.a._the_2nd_Scotch_Regiment)._The_latter_was_also_known_as_Cameron’s_Highlanders,_after_Chicago_Times_publisher_Col._Daniel_Cameron,_Jr.,_who_recruited_the_unit._Despite_his_best_efforts_to_create_a_regiment_of_proud_Scots,_which_included_outfitting_his_men_in_a_uniform_with_plaid_trousers_and_recruiting_a_bagpipe_player,_there_were_too_few_Scots_in_Illinois_for_his_dream_to_become_a_reality,_and_the_group_for_whom_the_regiment_was_named_was_outnumbered_by_Germans_and_Irishmen,_among_others."
3	Chicago_Irish_Brigade	1	7	140	1	0	0	5	12	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_Illinois_regiment_known_as_the_“Irish_Brigade,”_the_23rd_Infantry,_was_formed_by_a_prominent_Irish-American_lawyer_in_Chicago,_James_A._Mulligan,_whose_inspiration_was_New_York's_69th_“Fighting_Irish”_regiment._After_his_regiment_was_defeated_and_captured_in_late_1861_Mulligan_was_able_to_reconstitute_it_upon_gaining_his_release,_and_it_was_while_leading_this_second_incarnation_of_the_23rd_that_he_was_killed_in_battle_at_Kernstown_in_1864."
4	Brains_Regiment	1	7	0	1	0	0	15	5	16	1	0	0	0	"The_33rd_Illinois_Infantry_Regiment_was_known_alternately_as_the_“Brains_Regiment,”_“Teachers_Regiment,”_and_“Normal_Regiment,”_since_it_was_recruited_by_the_president_of_Illinois_State_Normal_University,_Col._Charles_E._Hovey,_and_included_among_its_ranks_many_students_and_professors_from_that_institution_(as_well_as_others_from_the_state)."
5	Rock_River_Rifles	1	7	140	1	0	0	9	0	14	5	4	0	0	"Mustered_soon_after_the_firing_on_Fort_Sumter_and_Pres._Abraham_Lincoln’s_call_for_troops,_the_34th_Infantry_Regiment_came_to_be_known_as_the_Rock_River_Rifles_because_its_men_came_from_four_counties_in_the_Rock_River_valley_of_northern_Illinois._Seven_months_later,_its_first_combat_experience_was_an_unimaginable_baptism_of_fire_–_the_regiment_arrived_at_Shiloh_midway_through_the_battle_after_marching_twenty-seven_miles,_and_helped_achieve_victory_under_the_leadership_of_the_local_attorney_who_raised_the_regiment,_Col._Edward_N._Kirk."
6	Fremont's_Rifles	1	7	140	1	0	0	8	2	5	23	0	0	0	"The_37th_Illinois_Infantry_Regiment,_known_as_Fremont’s_Rifles_and_later_as_the_Illinois_Greyhounds,_was_a_unit_with_several_distinctions._Mustered_in_September,_1861_and_mustered_out_in_May,_1866,_the_regiment_served_longer_than_any_other_unit_from_Illinois_during_the_Civil_War._The_hardy_veterans_of_this_well-traveled_regiment,_which_covered_a_total_of_18,000_miles,_saw_action_in_the_western_theater_on_the_field_of_battle,_in_sieges_(including_Vicksburg),_and_while_on_garrison_duty."
7	Leadmine_Regiment	1	7	0	1	0	0	7	0	-1	-1	4	0	0	"Raised_in_the_area_of_Galena,_the_45th_Illinois_Infantry_Regiment,_named_the_“Leadmine_Regiment”_because_of_the_abundance_of_the_lead_ore_galena_there,_saw_its_first_fighting_at_Fort_Donelson._It_subsequently_fought_at_Shiloh,_besieged_Vicksburg,_marched_under_Gen._William_T._Sherman_during_the_Atlanta_campaign,_and_finished_the_war_in_Raleigh,_N.C.,_a_short_distance_from_where_Gen._Joseph_E._Johnston_surrendered_to_Sherman_on_April_26,_1865."
8	Blind_Half_Hundred	1	7	0	1	0	0	12	2	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_50th_Illinois_Infantry,_which_fought_at_Fort_Donelson_and_Shiloh_and_later_marched_with_Gen._William_T._Sherman_to_the_sea,_was_formed_in_Quincy_in_August,_1861._The_story_behind_its_nickname,_the_“Blind_Half_Hundred,”_is_unknown,_but_was_perhaps_borrowed_from_the_British_50th_Infantry,_which_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars_gained_the_name_when_many_of_its_men_were_afflicted_with_ophthalmia_while_serving_in_Egypt."
9	Yates'_Sharpshooters	1	7	0	1	0	0	3	9	9	11	12	0	0	"The_“Yates_Sharpshooters”_constituted_the_first_battalion_of_the_64th_Illinois_Infantry._These_expert_skirmishers_and_marksmen_saw_action_in_the_western_theater,_playing_an_important_role_in_the_siege_of_Gen._P.G.T._Beauregard’s_army_at_Corinth,_Mississippi."
10	Preacher_Regiment	1	7	0	1	0	0	11	5	16	0	0	0	0	"The_“Preacher_Regiment,”_more_formally_known_as_the_73rd_Illinois_Infantry_Regiment,_got_its_name_from_the_unusual_fact_that_its_colonel,_lieutenant_colonel,_major,_six_out_of_ten_captains,_and_several_lieutenants_were_all_Methodist_preachers._Many_of_the_soldiers_were_themselves_members_of_prominent_Methodist_families."
11	Chicago_B.O.T._Reg.	1	7	140	1	0	0	9	5	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_Chicago_Board_of_Trade_raised_three_infantry_regiments_during_the_second_half_of_1862_–_the_72nd,_88th,_and_113th,_which_were_known,_respectively,_as_the_1st,_2nd_and_3rd_Chicago_Board_of_Trade_Regiments._All_three_served_in_the_western_theater."
12	Chicago_Merc._Battery	1	7	140	0	0	1	5	0	4	20	0	0	0	"Raised_by_the_Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange,_this_independent_battery_of_light_artillery_began_its_service_under_Gen._Ulysses_S._Grant_in_late_1862,_seeing_action_at_many_of_the_major_engagements_of_the_western_theater_and_traveling_as_far_as_the_Rio_Grande."
13	Lightning_Brigade	1	8	0	0	1	0	18	17	4	22	10	0	0	"Comprised_of_regiments_from_Illinois_as_well_as_Indiana_whose_men_were_primarily_farmers,_Col._(later_Gen.)_John_T._Wilder’s_brigade_of_mounted_infantry_gained_the_moniker_“Wilder’s_Lightning_Brigade”_for_its_daring_actions_in_routing_a_Confederate_force_at_Hoover’s_Gap,_and_its_vital_success_at_Chickamauga,_where_it_was_the_last_unit_to_leave_the_field,_lived_up_to_the_name._The_brigade’s_combination_of_speed_and_firepower_made_it_among_the_most_effective_elements_in_the_Union_army."
14	Wallace's_Zouaves	1	8	0	1	0	0	16	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"Five_years_before_the_outbreak_of_the_Civil_War,_Lewis_Wallace,_a_prominent_attorney_in_Montgomery_County_(Ind.),_created_a_military_group_he_called_the_Montgomery_Guards_and_patterned_their_clothing,_training_and_tactics_after_the_French_Algerian_Zouaves._When_the_war_began,_the_newly-minted_Col._Wallace_received_command_of_the_11th_Regiment,_which_was_officially_designed_the_“Regiment_of_Indiana_Zouaves,”_but_came_to_be_known_as_“Wallace’s_Zouaves.”"
15	First_Irish_Regiment	1	8	0	1	0	0	8	0	13	14	0	0	0	"Mustered_in_December,_1861_as_an_exclusively_Irish_regiment,_Indiana’s_35th_Infantry_Regiment_fought_in_the_western_theater,_but_especially_distinguished_itself_during_Gen._William_T._Sherman’s_Atlanta_Campaign_in_extremely_fierce_fighting_on_more_than_one_occasion."
16	Jackass_Regiment	1	8	151	0	0	1	9	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"Originally_the_21st_Indiana_Infantry_Regiment,_the_1st_Heavy_Artillery_was_nicknamed_the_“Jackass_Regiment”_after_the_beasts_of_burden_they_used_to_drag_their_guns._Shipping_out_from_Newport_News,_Va._in_early_1862,_they_fought_exclusively_in_Mississippi,_Alabama,_Louisiana_and_Texas."
17	Temperance_Regiment	1	9	0	1	0	0	5	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"In_response_to_Pres._Abraham_Lincoln’s_July,_1862_call_for_300,000_more_volunteers,_Gov._Samuel_J._Kirkwood_specifically_sought_to_establish_a_unit_that_would_be_called_“The_Iowa_Temperance_Regiment,”_and_would_be_comprised_of_men_of_principle_who_did_not_partake_of_alcoholic_beverages._In_a_short_time_double_the_number_of_men_needed_to_fill_out_such_a_unit_had_answered_the_call,_and_the_24th_Iowa_Infantry_Regiment,_also_known_as_the_“Methodist_Regiment,”_was_formed._Despite_the_name,_however,_reliable_sources_indicate_that_many_of_the_men_were_anything_but_abstainers..."
18	Graybeards_Regiment	1	9	0	1	0	0	9	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_“Graybeard_Regiment,”_the_37th_Iowa_Infantry_Regiment,_was_a_unique_unit_comprised_of_men_who,_being_past_forty-five_years_of_age_(and,_in_some_cases,_past_that_age_by_three_decades_or_more),_were_too_old_to_serve_in_combat._Instead,_they_guarded_prisoners,_protected_railroad_infrastructure,_garrisoned_supply_depots,_and_fulfilled_other_such_duties,_and_in_so_doing_they_freed_up_a_regiment’s_worth_of_younger_men_to_fight._The_regiment_did_see_combat_on_one_occasion,_when_a_supply_train_they_were_guarding_was_attacked,_leaving_two_of_the_Graybeards_dead_–_but_the_train_itself_unimpeded."
19	Curtis_Horse	1	9	0	0	1	0	17	12	13	3	0	0	0	"The_Fifth_Iowa_Cavalry,_which_included_some_men_from_Nebraska_Territory_as_well_as_the_adjoining_states_of_Missouri_and_Minnesota,_was_named_the_“Curtis_Horse”_after_Gen._Samuel_R._Curtis,_under_whom_they_served_in_Missouri._The_regiment_played_an_important_role_in_Gen._Lovell_H._Rousseau’s_raid_on_Confederate_railroads_in_Alabama_and_western_Georgia_in_July,_1864."
20	Louisville_Legion	1	11	115	1	0	0	5	8	22	20	0	0	0	"The_origins_of_the_5th_Kentucky_Infantry_Regiment,_known_to_the_world_as_the_“Louisville_Legion,”_dated_back_to_1837,_when_a_company_initially_named_the_“Louisville_Guards”_was_formed._Renamed_two_years_later,_this_unit_subsequently_fought_in_the_Mexican_War,_the_Civil_War,_Spanish-American_War,_both_world_wars,_and_the_Vietnam_War._In_July,_1861,_this_unit_enlisted_for_duty_across_the_river_in_Indiana_out_of_respect_for_Kentucky’s_neutral_stance,_and_early_the_following_year_it_gained_everlasting_fame_for_its_vital_role_in_the_victory_at_Shiloh."
21	Wild_Riders	1	11	0	0	1	0	17	5	4	17	0	0	0	"Though_the_1st_Kentucky_Cavalry_fought_in_some_battles,_the_main_role_of_these_“Wild_Riders”_was_to_defend_supply_depots,_railroads_and_bridges_in_Kentucky_from_Confederate_raids._The_unit_played_an_instrumental_role_in_capturing_Gen._John_H._Morgan_during_his_famous_three-week_raid_into_Ohio_and_southern_Indiana_in_July,_1863."
22	Blanket_Brigade	1	13	0	1	0	0	5	0	17	14	0	0	0	"The_still-green_men_of_the_16th_Maine_Infantry_Regiment_received_the_nickname_of_“Blanket_Brigade”_when_they_were_forced_to_meet_the_autumn_nighttime_chill_virtually_unprotected_because_they_had_naively_left_behind_their_tents,_knapsacks_and_overcoats,_in_the_expectation_that_they_would_be_sent_after_them_when_they_were_suddenly_ordered_to_march_off_on_campaign._This_unit,_not_yet_used_to_long_marches,_also_gained_a_negative_reputation_for_straggling_as_they_foraged,_leading_one_officer_to_complain_to_the_regiment’s_commander,_“Your_regiment_are_poor_soldiers_but_damn_good_foragers!”_At_the_Battle_of_Fredericksburg,_however,_they_also_proved_themselves_to_be_good_soldiers_in_their_first_combat_experience,_as_they_lost_half_their_men_in_the_briefly_successful_attempt_to_breach_the_Confederate_line."
23	Irish_Ninth	1	15	0	1	0	0	11	0	24	14	0	0	0	"The_“Fighting_Ninth,”_the_nickname_earned_by_the_9th_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_after_heroic_fighting_on_the_Yorktown_Peninsula,_was_also_known_as_the_“Irish_Ninth”_because_it_was_made_up_of_Bostonians_whose_families_hailed_from_Ireland_or_who_had_themselves_immigrated._Flying_an_Irish_green_flag_as_its_regimental_colors_and_emitting_an_Irish_yell_before_charging,_in_battle_the_regiment_left_no_doubt_regarding_its_heritage."
24	Harvard_Regiment	1	15	0	1	0	0	11	5	21	-1	0	0	0	"Mustered_in_September,_1861,_the_20th_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_was_widely_known_as_the_“Harvard_Regiment”_because_many_of_its_officers_were_graduates_of_Harvard_University,_including_future_Supreme_Court_Chief_Justice_Oliver_Wendell_Holmes,_Jr._The_regiment_was_in_the_thick_of_the_fighting_at_some_of_the_most_important_battles_fought_by_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_(including_Ball’s_Bluff,_the_Peninsula_Campaign,_Fredericksburg,_and_Gettysburg),_leading_it_to_surpass_all_other_Massachusetts_regiments_in_casualties._Its_performance_on_these_occasions_earned_it_recognition_as_one_of_the_best_regiments_in_the_Union_army."
25	54th_Mass._Inf._Reg.	1	15	0	1	0	0	5	5	13	14	0	0	0	"The_most_famous_unit_of_free_blacks_in_the_Civil_War,_the_54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment_was_authorized_by_Gov._John_A._Andrew_and_organized_in_March,_1863_by_Col._Robert_G._Shaw,_a_veteran_of_Antietam_and_the_son_of_prominent_abolitionist_parents_who_mingled_with_Boston’s_intellectual_and_social_elites._Made_up_of_blacks_from_throughout_the_north,_but_especially_Massachusetts_and_Pennsylvania,_the_regiment_included_two_sons_of_the_famous_abolitionist_Frederick_Douglass._On_July_18,_1863,_Shaw_led_his_regiment,_which_had_only_recently_seen_combat_for_the_first_time,_in_a_heroic_and_bloody_bayonet_charge_on_Battery_Wagner,_a_sand_fortress_on_Morris_Island_that_held_the_key_to_Charleston_Harbor._The_performance_of_the_regiment,_which_reached_the_parapet_and_planted_its_colors_but_was_unable_to_take_the_fort_and_ended_up_losing_half_its_men_(including_Col._Shaw),_made_international_news_and_demonstrated_to_many_doubters_that_black_troops_could_perform_as_well_as_whites,_which_directly_led_to_the_sharp_increase_in_their_recruitment_by_the_Union_Army_and_Navy._After_weeks_of_siege,_the_regiment’s_survivors_participated_in_the_final_capture_of_the_fort,_and_this_unit_served_for_the_duration_of_the_war,_seeing_battle_several_additional_times_(most_notably_in_a_rearguard_action_at_the_Battle_of_Olustee)."
26	California_100	1	15	0	0	1	0	17	12	-1	0	0	0	0	"Company_A_of_the_2nd_Massachusetts_Cavalry_Regiment_was_comprised_of_Californians_who_wanted_to_enlist_in_the_Union_Army_but_knew_that_if_they_joined_a_California_unit_they_would_have_to_serve_in_the_West,_far_away_from_the_action._Their_solution_was_to_contact_Massachusetts_Gov._John_A._Andrew_and_volunteer_to_form_a_separate_company_in_the_new_cavalry_regiment_the_state_was_raising,_to_which_Andrew_agreed._The_“California_100,”_as_they_became_known,_were_later_joined_by_four_hundred_more_volunteers_who_likewise_mustered_in_and_sailed_from_California_(Companies_E,_F,_L_and_M)._Together,_they_fought_in_dozens_of_battles_and_skirmishes,_mainly_under_Gen._Philip_H._Sheridan."
27	Fighting_Fifth	1	16	229	1	0	0	15	5	19	0	0	0	0	"Organized_in_the_aftermath_of_First_Manassas,_the_5th_Michigan_Infantry_Regiment,_or_“Fighting_Fifth,”_was_assigned_to_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_and_saw_action_in_all_of_its_major_engagements_until_the_surrender_of_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia,_at_which_it_was_present._As_one_of_the_units_that_mustered_in_near_the_beginning_of_the_Civil_War,_the_5th_had_the_luxury_of_its_own_regimental_band_–_a_practice_abolished_by_the_War_Department_in_July,_1862,_when_it_determined_that_this_did_not_represent_an_optimal_use_of_men_and_resources."
28	Wandering_Regiment	1	16	0	1	0	0	8	0	5	14	0	0	0	"The_8th_Michigan_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_serving_first_under_Gen._William_T._Sherman_on_the_coast_of_South_Carolina_and_then_Gen._Ambrose_Burnside_in_both_the_eastern_and_western_theaters,_covered_more_than_enough_ground_during_its_long_marches_to_earn_the_nickname_“Wandering_Regiment.”_It_gained_great_fame_for_taking_part_in_the_heroic_but_unsuccessful_advance_on_the_Confederate_works_at_Secessionsville,_during_which_the_regiment_was_repeatedly_struck_by_grape_and_canister_fired_at_close_range,_leading_to_a_casualty_rate_of_35%."
29	Mich._Stonewall_Reg.	1	16	0	1	0	0	11	0	13	2	0	0	0	"Within_three_weeks_of_leaving_Michigan,_the_17th_Michigan_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_engaged_in_fierce_fighting_at_South_Mountain_and_then_Antietam_in_September,_1862._At_their_first_battle,_they_earned_the_nickname_of_“Stonewall_Regiment”_from_their_successful_uphill_advance_against_Confederates_positioned_behind_a_stone_wall._Attached_to_Gen._Ambrose_Burnside’s_corps,_they_later_fought_at_Fredericksburg,_Vicksburg,_the_Wilderness,_Cold_Harbor,_and_Petersburg,_among_other_major_engagements."
30	Minn._First_Volunteers	1	17	0	1	0	0	5	0	13	22	0	0	0	"Minnesota_Gov._Alexander_Ramsey_happened_to_be_visiting_Washington,_D.C._when_Fort_Sumter_fell_and_therefore_had_the_opportunity_to_become_the_first_governor_to_offer_state_troops_to_Pres._Abraham_Lincoln._The_First_Minnesota_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_was_the_unit_formed_as_a_result_of_that_promise."
31	N.H._Mountaineers	1	20	0	1	0	0	8	0	7	14	0	0	0	"The_“Mountaineers,”_as_the_12th_New_Hampshire_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_was_known,_were_mustered_into_service_in_September,_1862._While_serving_in_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_they_saw_action_for_the_first_time_at_Fredericksburg,_later_fighting_at_Chancellorsville_(where_they_suffered_60%_casualties),_Gettysburg,_Petersburg,_Cold_Harbor,_and_several_other_notable_battles."
32	Olden_Legion	1	21	0	1	0	0	16	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_“Olden_Legion”_was_created_under_the_authority_of_Congress_rather_than_the_state_of_New_Jersey,_but_soon_thereafter,_in_January,_1862,_it_was_transferred_to_state_authorities_and_designated_the_New_Jersey_10th_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment._After_serving_provost_duty_and_seeing_only_light_action_for_more_than_a_year,_in_April,_1864,_the_regiment_was_attached_to_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_and_was_engaged_in_a_major_battle_for_the_first_time_during_the_Wilderness_Campaign._By_mid-August_of_that_year,_only_80_of_the_600_men_who_had_crossed_the_Rapidan_River_back_in_early_May_were_left_for_duty,_but_the_regiment,_which_was_reinforced,_continued_to_serve,_seeing_battle_for_the_last_time_in_the_successful_siege_of_Petersburg_the_following_April_2_and_then_being_present_for_Gen._Robert_E._Lee’s_surrender_a_week_later."
33	Jersey_Cavaliers	1	21	0	0	1	0	17	5	15	-1	0	0	0	"The_“Jersey_Cavaliers,”_officially_known_as_the_1st_Regiment_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Cavalry,_was_organized_at_Trenton_in_August,_1861._In_addition_to_defending_Washington,_D.C.,_this_regiment_served_in_the_Army_of_Virginia_and_then_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_fighting_almost_entirely_in_Virginia._Among_the_most_famous_of_the_battles_in_which_the_regiment_participated_was_the_Battle_of_Brandy_Station_–_not_only_the_largest_cavalry_engagement_of_the_Civil_War,_but_the_largest_in_the_history_of_North_America."
34	N.J._Butterflies	1	21	0	0	1	0	12	0	11	8	10	0	0	"The_3rd_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Cavalry_Regiment_were_alternately_known_as_the_“Butterflies”_and_“Trenton_Hussars.”_The_names’_origins_were_one_and_the_same:_Col._Andrew_J._Morrison_tried_to_induce_recruits_to_join_his_new_unit_by_ordering_gaudy_European_“hussar”-style_uniforms_that_featured_considerable_amounts_of_gold_braid_and_orange_piping,_Talmas_instead_of_standard_overcoats,_and_brimless_hats_–_all_as_an_appeal_to_their_sense_of_romance_and_adventure._While_Morrison_sought_to_call_his_regiment_the_“1st_U.S._Hussar_Regiment,”_their_comrades_in_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_immediately_named_them_the_“Butterflies”_due_to_their_flashy_appearance._Mustered_in_the_winter_of_1863-64,_they_saw_battle_for_the_first_time_in_the_Wilderness,_and_served_with_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_for_the_rest_of_the_war._(Col._Morrison,_however,_did_not_last:_an_officer_of_questionable_judgment_who_had_originally_wanted_to_arm_his_men_only_with_sabers_(and_who,_fortunately,_was_ignored_on_this_point_by_the_Ordnance_Corps),_he_was_court-martialed_for_drunkenness_for_the_second_time_in_his_career_and_forced_by_Gen._William_T._Sherman_to_resign_soon_after_the_regiment_joined_up_with_the_regular_army.)"
35	Irish_Brigade	1	22	211	1	0	0	8	0	14	22	0	0	0	"The_“Irish_Brigade,”_which_comprised_of_three_regiments_from_New_York_(including_the_“Fighting_69th,”_which_had_performed_admirably_at_the_First_Battle_of_Bull_Run)_and,_later,_one_each_from_Pennsylvania_and_Massachusetts._The_ranks_of_these_regiments_were_predominantly_filled_with_Irish_immigrants,_and_each_regiment_carried_green_flags_as_well_as_that_of_the_Union._This_brigade,_which_was_formed_in_September,_1861,_was_among_the_most_famous_brigades_of_the_Civil_War._Known_for_its_fighting_prowess,_the_brigade_suffered_more_than_4000_casualties_(more_than_ever_served_in_it_at_any_one_time),_including_nearly_1000_deaths_from_combat_and_disease._Its_most_renowned_moment_was_also_the_one_that_cost_it_most_dearly:_during_the_Battle_of_Antietam_the_Irish_Brigade_attacked_the_Confederates_positioned_in_the_“Bloody_Lane,”_taking_60%_casualties_while_buying_enough_time_for_other_Union_troops_to_flank_the_enemy_and_take_their_position._Similarly_high_losses_occurred_at_Gettysburg,_leaving_the_brigade_with_only_300_men,_and_necessitating_that_new_recruits_be_added."
36	Ellsworth's_Avengers	1	22	102	1	0	0	16	8	22	23	0	0	0	"The_killing_of_Col._Elmer_E._Ellsworth,_commander_of_“Ellsworth's_Fire_Zouaves”_(officially_designed_the_11th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment),_in_Alexandria,_Virginia_on_May_24,_1861_caused_tremendous_grief_throughout_the_Union_for_this_“First_Martyr_of_the_Civil_War.”_In_response_to_the_death_of_the_Albany_native,_the_newly-formed_Ellsworth_Association_drew_upon_this_patriotic_fervor_to_raise_another_Zouave_unit,_the_44th_Infantry_Regiment,_from_towns_and_wards_throughout_the_state_–_earning_it_the_names_“Ellsworth's_Avengers”_and_“People’s_Ellsworth.”_Serving_in_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_the_unit_suffered_significant_losses_during_the_Peninsula_Campaign_and_at_Second_Manassas_and_Fredericksburg,_but_played_an_important_role_in_the_victory_at_Gettysburg_by_helping_secure_Little_Round_Top._When_the_regiment_mustered_out_after_its_three_years_of_service_only_184_of_the_original_1061_members_returned_to_New_York."
37	N.Y._Highlanders	1	22	104	1	0	0	8	0	23	12	2	0	0	"Among_the_most_famous_and_recognizable_regiments_of_the_Civil_War_was_the_79th_New_York_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_a_National_Guard_unit_formed_in_1858_that_was_predominantly_Scottish,_and_dressed_in_full_Scottish_regalia._Patterning_themselves_after_the_British_79th_Queen’s_Own_Cameron_Highlanders,_they_requested_that_their_unit_likewise_be_designated_the_79th,_and_called_themselves_the_“Cameron_Highlanders,”_though_they_were_also_identified_simply_as_the_“Highlanders.”_The_regiment_received_its_baptism_of_fire_at_First_Bull_Run,_where_their_commanding_officer,_Col._James_Cameron_(the_brother_of_Secretary_of_War_Simon_Cameron),_and_many_of_their_men_were_killed,_and_their_overall_casualties_exceeded_20%._A_month_later,_the_regiment_mutinied_over_several_grievances_–_this_lack_of_discipline_can_be_at_least_partly_attributed_to_the_fact_that_much_of_their_command_structure_had_been_lost_in_the_recent_battle_–_and_was_dealt_with_swiftly_by_Gen._George_B._McClellan._The_regiment_soon_redeemed_itself,_especially_by_a_heroic_performance_in_an_ill-conceived_charge_through_swampland_at_Secessionsville,_where_again_they_suffered_more_than_20%_casualties_while_supporting_Michigan’s_8th_(the_“Wandering_Regiment”)._The_regiment_continued_to_serve_until_May,_1864,_when_soon_after_the_Battle_of_Spotsylvania_its_men_were_mustered_out_–_though_some_joined_the_New_Cameron_Highlanders,_a_regiment_organized_by_Col._Samuel_M._Elliott."
38	Rocket_Battalion	1	22	102	0	0	1	9	0	4	-1	0	0	0	"New_York’s_“Rocket_Battalion”_represents_the_only_attempt_by_the_Union_Army_to_employ_rockets_as_weapons_(both_incendiary_and_projectile)_during_the_Civil_War_–_a_practice_that_met_with_no_more_success_in_the_Confederate_Army._Though_rockets_had_been_used_in_warfare_for_nearly_a_millennium,_the_increasing_accuracy_of_artillery_had_rendered_them_obsolete._Nonetheless,_this_unit,_which_was_raised_in_Albany_in_December,_1861,_was_armed_with_tube-mounted_rockets_and_attempted_to_use_them_against_the_defenders_of_Richmond_and_Yorktown_–_only_to_watch_the_rockets_skitter_across_the_ground,_in_one_case_exploding_under_a_mule_and_lifting_it_into_the_air."
39	Black_Swamp_Boys	1	24	0	1	0	0	8	0	12	0	0	0	0	"The_Great_Black_Swamp_that_once_occupied_the_northwestern_corner_of_Ohio_and_northeastern_corner_of_Indiana_lent_its_name_to_the_21st_Ohio_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_whose_men_came_from_this_part_of_the_state_to_muster_in_Findlay_in_September,_1861._Serving_first_in_the_Army_of_the_Ohio_and_then_Army_of_the_Cumberland,_they_fought_at_the_Chickamauga,_Stones_River_and_Bentonville,_among_numerous_other_battles."
40	Persimmon_Regiment	1	24	0	1	0	0	9	0	17	-1	0	0	0	"The_35th_Ohio_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_earned_the_nickname_“Persimmon_Regiment”_because_of_an_embarrassing_incident_early_in_the_war._Having_just_been_organized_three_months_earlier,_this_green_regiment’s_first_encounter_with_the_enemy_occurred_in_Kentucky_when_fifty_men_from_one_company_–_commanded_by_the_ironically_named_1st_Lt._William_Dine_–_were_on_picket_duty_two_miles_from_camp,_and_fifteen_of_these_men_were_permitted_to_go_off_foraging_for_persimmons._Suddenly,_a_force_of_roughly_150_Confederate_cavalry_appeared_and_inflicted_several_casualties_in_a_skirmish_with_Dine’s_pickets,_also_capturing_all_fifteen_men_who_had_strayed_away_in_search_of_persimmons._The_regiment's_subsequent_performance_in_battle,_including_their_valiant_performance_at_Chickamauga,_where_the_unit_lost_half_its_strength,_did_not_erase_the_memory_of_that_ill-fated_foraging_attempt."
41	Greyhound_Regiment	1	24	0	1	0	0	7	0	4	7	0	0	0	"Formed_in_August,_1862,_the_83rd_Ohio_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_otherwise_known_as_the_“Greyhound_Regiment,”_initially_campaigned_in_Kentucky_before_being_sent_to_fight_in_Tennessee,_Mississippi,_Arkansas_(where_they_suffered_severe_losses_at_Arkansas_Post),_and_finally_the_Gulf_states_where,_having_been_consolidated_with_the_48th_Ohio,_they_took_part_in_the_campaign_to_take_Mobile._The_successful_attack_on_Fort_Blakely,_the_key_to_the_defense_of_Mobile,_in_which_they_participated_was_launched_on_April_9,_1865_just_six_hours_after_Gen._Robert_E._Lee’s_surrender_at_Appomattox_Court_House,_and_was_the_last_major_battle_of_the_Civil_War."
42	Philadelphia_Brigade	1	25	214	1	0	0	9	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"Soon_after_the_Civil_War_began,_a_group_of_Californians_decided_to_contribute_to_the_cause_by_raising_a_regiment._The_effort,_spearheaded_by_former_Californian_Edward_D._Baker,_a_U.S._Senator_from_Oregon,_led_to_the_creation_of_the_1st_California_Regiment_–_subsequently_identified_as_the_71st_Pennsylvania_Infantry_Regiment_–_through_recruitment_of_Philadelphians._That_October,_Col._Baker,_who_rejected_a_promotion_to_brigadier_general_so_that_he_could_keep_his_Senate_seat,_was_authorized_to_raise_additional_“California”_regiments_in_Philadelphia_in_order_to_form_a_brigade,_but_his_death_at_Ball’s_Bluff_on_October_21_led_Pennsylvania_to_claim_the_new_regiments_as_part_of_its_quota_and_named_the_brigade,_which_was_distinguished_for_being_the_only_brigade_raised_from_a_single_city,_the_“Philadelphia_Brigade.”_This_brigade,_which_had_fought_ineffectively_on_more_than_one_occasion_and_suffered_high_casualties,_was_broken_up_in_mid-1864."
43	California_Regiment	1	25	214	1	0	0	9	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"Soon_after_the_Civil_War_began,_a_group_of_Californians_decided_to_contribute_to_the_cause_by_raising_a_regiment._The_effort,_spearheaded_by_former_Californian_Edward_D._Baker,_a_U.S._Senator_from_Oregon,_led_to_the_creation_of_the_1st_California_Regiment_–_subsequently_identified_as_the_71st_Pennsylvania_Infantry_Regiment_–_through_recruitment_of_Philadelphians._That_October,_Col._Baker,_who_rejected_a_promotion_to_brigadier_general_so_that_he_could_keep_his_Senate_seat,_was_authorized_to_raise_additional_“California”_regiments_in_Philadelphia_in_order_to_form_a_brigade,_but_his_death_at_Ball’s_Bluff_on_October_21_led_Pennsylvania_to_claim_the_new_regiments_as_part_of_its_quota_and_named_the_brigade,_which_was_distinguished_for_being_the_only_brigade_raised_from_a_single_city,_the_“Philadelphia_Brigade.”_This_brigade,_which_had_fought_ineffectively_on_more_than_one_occasion_and_suffered_high_casualties,_was_broken_up_in_mid-1864."
44	Penn._Bucktails	1	25	0	1	0	0	3	8	19	21	0	0	0	"The_1st_Pennsylvania_Rifles_Regiment,_also_identified_as_the_13th_Pennsylvania_Reserves_(and,_later,_the_42nd_Pennsylvania_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment),_was_among_the_most_famous_of_the_regiments_from_that_state_–_not_only_for_their_performance_in_battle,_but_for_their_“wildcat”_yell_and_the_deer_tails_they_wore_affixed_to_their_hats,_after_which_they_were_named_the_“Bucktails.”_These_tails_came_from_animals_that_the_men_themselves_had_shot,_and_thus_were_proof_of_their_excellent_marksmanship._Most_of_these_sharpshooters_came_from_the_heavily_wooded_counties_in_the_northern_parts_of_Pennsylvania_where_timber_was_produced,_and_many_were_themselves_lumbermen._The_regiment_was_recruited_by_Lt._Col._Thomas_L._Kane_immediately_after_the_Confederate_assault_on_Fort_Sumter,_and_fought_in_most_of_the_major_engagements_of_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_until_it_mustered_out_in_May,_1864._(In_July,_1862_a_second_regiment_of_bucktailed_sharpshooters,_the_149th_Pennsyvlania,_was_raised.)"
45	Keystone_Zouaves	1	25	0	1	0	0	16	7	12	1	0	0	0	"The_76th_Pennsylvania_Infantry_Regiment_was_better_known_as_the_“Keystone_Zouaves.”_The_unit_participated_in_the_successful_siege_of_Fort_Pulaski_on_the_Savannah_River_and_helped_erect_the_“Swamp_Angel”_outside_Charleston,_but_suffered_disastrously_in_an_ill-fated_attack_on_that_city._Most_famously,_the_Keystone_Zouaves_charged_Battery_Wagner_with_heavy_losses_a_week_before_Col._Robert_Gould_Shaw_led_the_54th_Massachusetts_against_the_fort."
46	Roundheads	1	25	195	1	0	0	7	8	19	12	0	0	0	"The_origin_of_this_unit’s_name_predates_the_Civil_War_by_two_centuries,_and_relates_to_British_history_before_it_entered_the_American_historical_lexicon._The_soldiers_who_fought_for_the_Parliamentary_cause_in_the_English_Civil_War_were_named_the_“Roundheads,”_after_those_among_them_who_wore_their_hair_very_closely_cropped._Some_of_these_soldiers_later_resettled_in_the_southwestern_parts_of_Pennsylvania_from_which_the_100th_Pennsylvania_Infantry_Regiment_was_later_raised,_and_this_regiment_came_to_be_named_the_“Roundheads”_as_well._They_took_part_in_amphibious_operations_against_forts_in_the_Carolinas_earlier_in_the_war,_and_later_fought_at_Second_Manassas_and_other_major_battles."
47	Cameron's_Dragoons	1	25	214	0	1	0	5	0	16	-1	0	0	0	"The_5th_Pennsylvania_Cavalry_Regiment,_“Cameron’s_Dragoons”_(named_for_Secretary_of_War_Simon_Cameron,_a_Pennsylvania_native),_was_organized_in_Philadelphia_in_September,_1861._Although_it_saw_action_in_numerous_engagements_while_assigned_to_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_it_is_more_famous_for_the_decision_of_this_unit,_which_had_a_large_concentration_of_Jews,_to_elect_a_Jewish_chaplain_–_a_violation_of_a_recent_federal_law_that_only_Christians_could_serve_as_chaplains_in_the_Union_Army._Col._Max_Friedman_and_his_officers_sought_to_use_their_regiment_for_a_test_case_and_attracted_widespread_attention_for_their_cause._Ultimately_Pres._Abraham_Lincoln_weighed_in,_successfully_urging_Congress_to_broaden_the_qualifications_for_chaplain_in_order_to_ensure_religious_liberty_in_the_army."
48	Old_Vermont_Brigade	1	30	0	1	0	0	8	0	19	18	0	0	0	"The_1st_Vermont_Brigade,_more_commonly_called_the_“Old_Vermont_Brigade”_or_simply_“Vermont_Brigade,”_had_the_distinction_of_losing_more_men_than_any_other_Union_brigade._It_also_was_unusual_in_that,_unlike_other_Union_brigades,_all_of_its_regiments_originated_in_a_single_state,_and_none_of_its_regiments_was_reassigned_during_the_course_of_the_war._Attached_to_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_it_lost_1645_out_of_2800_battle-ready_men_within_a_week_at_the_Wilderness_and_Spotsylvania."
49	Iron_Brigade	1	33	0	1	0	0	1	0	21	22	0	0	0	"The_“Iron_Brigade,”_initially_composed_of_three_Wisconsin_regiments_and_one_from_Indiana,_was_among_the_most_storied_–_and_feared_–_units_in_the_Union_Army._The_nickname_was_inspired_by_a_comment_from_Gen._George_B._McClellan_himself,_who_observed_the_men_engaging_in_fierce_combat_and_exclaimed_to_their_commander,_Gen._Joseph_Hooker,_“They_must_be_made_of_iron.”_Known_for_its_ability_to_withstand_withering_fire,_the_brigade_suffered_the_highest_percentage_of_casualties_of_any_in_the_war,_and_is_believed_to_have_faced_enemy_fire_more_often_and_for_longer_periods_of_time_than_any_other_Union_brigade."
50	Eagle_Regiment	1	33	0	1	0	0	9	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"The_8th_Wisconsin_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_was_famous_for_its_mascot,_a_bald_eagle_originally_obtained_as_an_eaglet_from_Chippewa_Chief_Big_Sky_by_a_Wisconsin_citizen_who_was_unable_to_enlist,_and_who_instead_sold_the_eagle_to_the_men_of_Company_C_for_$2.50._Named_“Old_Abe”_in_honor_of_the_Commander-in-Chief,_the_eagle_was_sworn_into_the_service_and_subsequently_accompanied_the_men_of_the_“Eagle_Regiment”_for_the_duration_of_the_war,_flying_overhead_and_screeching_during_42_battles_and_skirmishes._Old_Abe_proved_much_more_valuable_at_fund-raising_and_recruitment_drives_than_in_battle,_but_his_overall_importance_and_fame_were_recognized_by_the_Confederates,_who_attempted_to_capture_or_kill_“the_Yankee_Buzzard”_in_order_to_demoralize_their_enemy._Retired_from_active_duty_in_September,_1864,_Old_Abe_was_put_on_display_in_the_state_Capitol_in_a_two-room_“Eagle_Department,”_where_he_died_from_smoke_inhalation_after_a_fire_broke_out_in_1881._Stuffed,_mounted_and_returned_to_public_display,_the_eagle’s_remains_were_destroyed_when_the_Capitol_burned_down_in_1904."
51	Marching_Twelfth	1	33	0	1	0	0	8	0	5	18	0	0	0	"The_12th_Wisconsin_Infantry_Regiment_came_to_be_known_as_the_“Marching_Twelfth”_because_it_traveled_more_than_2000_miles,_leaving_Wisconsin_in_winter_and_eventually_reaching_Kansas_and_the_Gulf_Coast_before_marching_with_Gen._William_T._Sherman_to_the_sea."
52	Magnolia_Regiment	2	1	233	1	0	0	7	13	7	0	0	0	0	"The_2nd_Alabama_Infantry_Regiment,_known_as_the_“Magnolia_Regiment,”_was_raised_in_southwestern_Alabama_in_response_to_the_initial_call_for_troops_in_early_1861._Tasked_with_garrison_duty_at_Fort_Morgan_in_the_mouth_of_Mobile_Bay,_the_unit_remained_on_duty_for_a_year,_until_its_enlistment_had_expired._Most_of_its_men_subsequently_reenlisted_in_other_regiments."
53	Tattered_Volunteers	2	1	0	1	0	0	8	0	17	23	0	0	0	"After_having_fought_in_more_than_twenty_major_battles_and_hundreds_of_skirmishes_in_eight_different_states,_the_men_of_the_27th_Alabama_Infantry_Regiment_must_have_earned_the_nickname_“Tattered_Volunteers”_even_before_the_majority_of_the_unit_was_captured_at_Nashville_and_subsequently_faced_the_harsh_conditions_of_a_Union_prison."
54	Ragged_Volunteers	2	1	19	1	0	0	5	0	14	0	0	0	0	"Led_by_Col._Daniel_R._Hundley,_the_31st_Alabama_Infantry_was_organized_in_April_1862_and_fought_primarily_in_the_western_theater._It_suffered_severely_at_Vicksburg_until_that_city_was_surrendered,_and_then_was_taken_prisoner._After_the_men_had_been_exchanged,_they_were_assigned_to_the_Army_of_Tennessee,_fighting_first_in_Tennessee_and_then_the_Carolinas,_where_the_regiment_ultimately_surrendered_at_Greensboro,_with_only_a_small_number_of_its_original_troops_surviving."
55	Burr_Tailed_Regiment	2	1	0	0	1	0	17	12	17	4	0	0	0	"Led_by_Col._William_M._Lowe,_a_future_member_of_Congress,_the_“Burr_Tailed_Regiment”_was_an_independent_cavalry_unit."
56	Jeff_Davis_Battery	2	1	18	0	0	1	8	5	24	5	17	0	0	"The_Jeff_Davis_Alabama_Artillery_Battery_was_organized_in_Selma_in_May,_1861_and_sent_to_Virginia,_where_it_served_under_Gen._Jubal_Early_at_First_Manassas_and_Seven_Pines._It_took_part_in_many_of_the_most_important_battles_of_the_eastern_theater,_including_Cold_Harbor,_Fredericksburg,_Chancellorsville,_Gettysburg,_and_Petersburg._The_unit’s_greatest_setback_occurred_at_Spotsylvania,_where_the_battery_was_charged_and_lost_three_guns_and_had_half_of_its_command_captured;_afterwards,_the_remaining_command_joined_with_another_artillery_unit_until_the_end_of_the_war."
57	Invincible_Guards	2	2	0	1	0	0	9	11	-1	0	0	0	0	"Organized_in_May,_1861,_the_company_of_volunteer_infantry_known_as_the_“Invincible_Guards”_was_assigned_to_the_Fifth_Regiment_of_the_Arkansas_State_Troops_two_months_later._After_one_brief_engagement,_the_unit_was_mustered_out_in_September,_1861,_with_many_of_its_men_enlisting_in_other_Arkansas_regiments."
58	Yell_Rifles	2	2	205	1	0	0	12	5	10	-1	4	0	0	"Named_for_Gov._Archibald_Yell,_who_fell_in_the_Mexican_War,_the_company_known_as_the_“Yell_Rifles”_teamed_with_other_independent_volunteer_companies_to_seize_the_U.S._Arsenal_at_Little_Rock_in_April,_1861._Soon_thereafter,_the_15th_Arkansas_Volunteer_Regiment_was_organized,_and_the_Yell_Rifles_were_assigned_to_this_unit,_which_subsequently_fought_in_many_of_the_major_engagements_of_the_western_theater."
59	Pulaski_Lancers	2	2	205	0	1	0	17	9	-1	0	0	0	0	"Even_before_Arkansas_had_seceded_from_the_Union,_the_volunteer_cavalry_troop_known_as_the_“Pulaski_Lancers”_had_seen_action,_having_been_one_of_four_companies_that_traveled_to_Fort_Smith_and_forced_the_withdrawal_of_the_U.S._Army_garrison_there_in_late_April,_1861._After_returning_to_Little_Rock_the_unit_mustered_out,_but_soon_thereafter_the_1st_Arkansas_Mounted_Rifles_were_organized_and_the_Pulaski_Lancers_were_reactivated_and_assigned_to_the_new_unit_as_a_company."
60	Cow_Cavalry	2	5	0	0	1	0	5	0	9	0	0	0	0	"Created_in_mid-1864,_the_1st_Battalion_Florida_Special_Cavalry_saw_only_minor_action,_since_its_primary_responsibility_was_protecting_Florida_cattle_herds_from_the_depredation_of_deserters_and_Union_sympathizers,_as_well_as_driving_the_beef_cattle_northward_to_Confederate_Army_supply_depots._What_little_combat_it_did_see_mostly_involved_thwarting_the_raids_of_Union_troops_garrisoned_at_Fort_Myers._Known_as_“Munnerlyn’s_Cattle_Guard_Battalion”_–_after_its_commander,_Lt._Col._Charles_J._Munnerlyn_–_the_unit_was_more_jokingly_referred_to_as_the_“Cattle_Battalion”_and_“Cow_Cavalry.”"
61	Cox's_Wildcats	2	6	9	1	0	0	3	11	15	21	4	0	0	"Taking_its_name_from_Major_Jesse_J._Cox,_who_commanded_the_unit,_the_2nd_Georgia_Battalion_Sharpshooters_were_known_as_“Cox’s_Wildcats.”_Despite_high_desertion_rates_among_some_of_its_conscripted_members_earlier_in_the_war,_the_unit_fought_heroically_at_the_Battle_of_Chickamauga,_seizing_four_artillery_pieces_on_the_first_day_and_then_breaking_the_enemy’s_line_–_while_suffering_50%_casualties_–_in_a_charge_on_the_second_day._It_later_suffered_similarly_high_casualties_at_Missionary_Ridge."
62	Oglethorpe_Rifles	2	6	13	1	0	0	3	11	10	9	0	0	0	"A_company_in_the_8th_Georgia_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_(the_“Fighting_Eighth”),_the_“Oglethorpe_Rifles”_were_raised_from_the_men_of_Oglethorpe_County_soon_after_the_outbreak_of_hostilities,_and_fought_at_First_Manassas._Most_of_their_contribution_to_the_Confederate_cause_was_made_in_Virginia,_but_the_unit_also_fought_at_Chickamauga_and_the_sieges_of_Knoxville_and_Chattanooga."
63	Sumter_Flying_Artillery	2	6	0	0	0	1	8	13	4	7	15	0	0	"The_11th_Georgia_Artillery_Battalion_was_organized_in_May,_1862,_when_the_light_artillery_battery_that_was_the_original_“Sumter_Flying_Artillery”_was_combined_with_three_other_batteries_raised_in_Sumter_County_and_a_converted_infantry_unit._It_was_assigned_to_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia,_alternately_seeing_duty_in_battle,_in_rear-guard_actions,_and_in_defensive_positions_(including_the_siege_of_Petersburg)."
64	Orphan_Brigade	2	28	0	1	0	0	1	11	21	22	0	0	0	"Formed_from_pro-Confederate_Kentuckians_after_their_state_legislature_voted_to_side_with_the_Union_in_late_1861,_the_1st_Kentucky_Brigade_was_forced_to_leave_Kentucky_(along_with_other_elements_of_the_Confederate_army)_and_did_not_return_for_the_duration_of_the_war,_earning_it_the_name_of_“Orphan_Brigade.”_Serving_in_the_Army_of_Tennessee,_this_unit_was_considered_by_both_Gen._Joseph_E._Johnston_and_Gen._John_B._Hood_to_be_the_best_brigade_in_this_army._Among_the_last_Confederate_units_to_surrender_(in_early_May,_1865),_only_500_of_the_original_4000_“orphans”_survived."
65	Coppens'_La._Zouaves	2	12	209	1	0	0	16	0	22	23	2	0	0	"The_1st_Louisiana_Infantry_Battalion,_led_by_Lt._Col._George_A.G._Coppens,_was_also_known_as_the_1st_Louisiana_Zouaves,_but_was_widely_referred_to_as_“Coppens’_Louisiana_Zouaves.”_Formed_before_the_war_began,_by_the_end_of_the_Battle_of_Antietam_so_few_members_remained_(and_Coppens_himself_had_been_killed)_that_the_unit_had_to_be_reconstituted._A_group_that_reflected_the_mixed_ethnic_heritage_of_New_Orleans,_the_performance_of_this_unit,_as_well_as_the_fact_that_Pres._Jefferson_Davis_had_personally_commissioned_Coppens_as_a_Lieutenant_Colonel,_earned_it_the_secondary_nickname_of_“Jeff_Davis’_Pet_Wolves.”"
66	Pelican_Rifles	2	12	0	1	0	0	12	9	-1	0	4	0	0	"The_3rd_Louisiana_Infantry,_named_the_“Pelican_Rifles,”_was_among_those_defending_Vicksburg._Forced_to_surrender,_its_men_were_taken_prisoner_and_remained_so_until_their_exchange_in_December_1863._Many_of_the_remaining_men_of_this_regiment_were_then_consolidated_into_the_22nd_Louisiana_Heavy_Artillery."
67	Tirailleurs	2	12	208	1	0	0	9	0	4	17	0	0	0	"The_Tirailleurs,_whose_name_is_a_French_word_for_“rifleman,_was_a_regiment_(the_4th_Louisiana_Infantry)_formed_from_French-speaking_Acadians_of_West_Baton_Rouge_Parish,_descendants_of_French_Canadians_forced_from_Nova_Scotia_a_century_earlier._They_saw_action_at_many_major_engagements_in_the_western_theater,_most_notably_at_the_Shiloh_Hornet’s_Nest.”"
68	Irish_Rifles	2	12	209	1	0	0	8	12	17	-1	0	0	0	"The_6th_Louisiana_Volunteers_were_alternately_known_as_the_“Confederate_Tigers”_and_“Irish_Rifles,”_the_latter_a_reference_to_the_very_high_percentage_of_Irishmen_in_this_unit_from_New_Orleans._Serving_in_Virginia_for_the_duration_of_the_war,_only_50_or_so_survivors_were_left_by_the_time_of_surrender."
69	Wheat's_Tigers	2	12	0	1	0	0	16	0	25	14	5	0	0	"The_1st_Louisiana_Special_Battalion,_more_famously_known_as_“Wheat’s_Tigers,”_was_organized_in_June,_1861_and_less_than_two_months_later_made_a_significant_contribution_to_the_victory_at_First_Manassas_by_holding_back_the_Union’s_flank_attack._It_subsequently_fought_in_the_Seven_Days_campaign_and_Gen._Thomas_J._Jackson’s_Valley_Campaign,_and_was_disbanded_in_mid-1862._The_unit_was_often_represented_as_a_Zouave_unit,_but_only_one_company,_the_“Tiger_Rifles,”_was_outfitted_in_this_manner."
70	Lee's_Foreign_Legion	2	12	0	1	0	0	13	8	7	-1	0	0	0	"Raised_from_men_of_more_than_twenty-one_different_countries_and_eleven_states_by_a_former_French_cavalry_officer,_Col._Antoine-Jacques-Phillipe_de_Mandeville_de_Marigny,_the_10th_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment_was_understandably_known_as_“Lee’s_Foreign_Legion.”_Initially_employed_in_fortifying_the_Yorktown_Peninsula,_this_unit_subsequently_fought_in_many_of_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia’s_battles,_taking_especially_high_casualties_at_Second_Manassas."
71	Chasseurs_St._Jacques	2	12	0	1	0	0	8	9	4	12	0	0	0	"Assigned_mostly_to_defensive_roles,_the_18th_Louisiana_Infantry_also_fought_at_Shiloh,_where_it_suffered_more_than_200_casualties._Its_ten_companies,_including_the_Chausseurs_St._Jacques_(Company_E),_came_from_different_parts_of_the_state."
72	Crescent_Regiment	2	12	209	1	0	0	5	0	9	10	0	0	0	"Serving_in_the_District_of_West_Louisiana_after_two_other_regiments_had_merged_into_it,_the_24th_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_or_“Crescent_Regiment,”_took_part_in_the_increasingly_futile_resistance_to_the_Red_River_Campaigns_of_Gen._Richard_Taylor_in_1863-64,_which_gave_the_Union_control_over_much_of_Louisiana."
73	Yellow_Jacket_Battalion	2	12	0	1	0	0	8	0	12	19	0	0	0	"An_independent_unit,_the_10th_Battalion_Louisiana_Infantry,_known_as_the_“Yellow_Jacket_Battalion,”_mostly_saw_action_in_its_native_Louisiana."
74	Wingfield's_Cavalry	2	12	0	0	1	0	12	5	11	9	0	0	0	"The_3rd_Louisiana_Cavalry_Regiment,_commanded_by_Col._James_H._Wingfield,_was_known_primarily_as_Wingfield’s_Cavalry,_but_also_as_the_Partisan_Rangers._Having_been_formed_in_May,_1862_mainly_from_veteran_troops,_this_cavalry_unit_fought_mostly_in_eastern_Louisiana_as_well_as_Mississippi_and_Alabama._Unlike_most_other_partisan_rangers,_Wingfield’s_unit_often_cooperated_closely_with_the_army,_undertaking_picket_duties,_acting_as_flankers,_scouting,_and_serving_other_immediate_needs."
75	European_Brigade	2	12	209	1	0	0	8	0	12	19	0	0	0	"Organized_in_New_Orleans_for_its_defense,_the_European_Brigade_reflected_the_city’s_diverse_ethnic_heritage,_being_made_up_of_soldiers_of_various_heritages,_including_Spanish,_French,_Italian,_and_Creole."
76	Corinth_Rifles	2	18	0	1	0	0	9	0	1	0	4	0	0	"The_“Corinth_Rifles”_began_as_a_local_militia_organized_immediately_after_Mississippi_voted_to_secede_in_January,_1861_–_many_months_before_the_outbreak_of_formal_hostilities._A_few_weeks_later_they_joined_the_newly_formed_Confederate_army_and_were_combined_with_three_other_companies_to_form_the_9th_Mississippi_Infantry_Regiment_in_Gen._Braxton_Bragg’s_new_Army_of_Pensacola._After_the_unit’s_initial_twelve-month_enlistment_had_expired_many_of_the_men_joined_the_new_incarnation_of_the_9th_Regiment_or_else_cavalry_units,_but_the_“Corinth_Rifles,”_among_the_earliest_military_units_formed_in_the_Civil_War,_had_ceased_to_exist_without_seeing_combat,_and_its_flag_was_brought_home_to_Corinth."
77	Lauderdale_Zouaves	2	18	0	1	0	0	16	0	11	-1	5	0	0	"Organized_in_May,_1861,_the_13th_Mississippi_Infantry_Regiment_entered_the_fray_at_First_Manassas_just_two_months_later,_where_it_served_under_Col._(later_Gen.)_Jubal_Early_as_he_led_the_successful_counterattack_against_the_Union_flank._Comprised_mainly_of_inhabitants_of_Lauderdale_County_(from_which_the_company_of_Zouaves_within_this_regiment_took_its_name),_it_was_commanded_for_a_time_by_Col._Kennon_McElroy,_who_had_six_other_family_members_serving_with_him."
78	Bethel_Regiment	2	23	0	1	0	0	7	0	-1	-1	5	0	0	"Raised_from_ten_different_counties_in_May,_1861,_the_1st_North_Carolina_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_was_the_first_regiment_organized_by_North_Carolina,_and_saw_action_in_the_first_battle_of_the_Civil_War,_at_Big_Bethel._Having_taken_the_name_“Bethel_Regiment,”_the_unit_was_reorganized_as_the_11th_Regiment._In_this_incarnation_it_fought_first_in_eastern_North_Carolina_and_then_with_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia."
79	Bloody_Sixth	2	23	0	1	0	0	11	0	22	20	0	0	0	"One_of_the_most_famous_infantry_units_of_the_Confederacy,_the_6th_North_Carolina_Infantry_Regiment_was_termed_the_“Bloody_Sixth”_in_recognition_of_its_experiences_at_such_bloodbaths_as_First_and_Second_Manassas,_Antietam,_Chancellorsville,_Gettysburg,_and_Cold_Harbor."
80	Pee_Dee_Guards	2	23	0	1	0	0	8	13	7	5	0	0	0	"Mustered_in_May,_1861,_the_23rd_North_Carolina_Infantry_Regiment,_in_which_the_“Pee_Dee_Guards”_were_a_company,_fought_with_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia_in_most_of_its_major_engagements."
81	Tramp_Brigade	2	27	0	1	0	0	11	0	21	14	0	0	0	"The_“Tramp_Brigade,”_commanded_by_Brig._Gen._Nathan_G._Evans_and_made_up_of_South_Carolinians_from_throughout_the_state,_was_an_independent_brigade_that_gained_its_name_because_it_was_frequently_reassigned_from_one_army_and_frontline_to_another,_never_finding_a_permanent_home_in_a_single_army._It_fought_heroically_at_Second_Manassas,_where_it_suffered_tremendously_high_casualties,_and_at_the_Battle_of_the_Crater."
82	Palmetto_Sharpshooters	2	27	0	1	0	0	3	12	8	9	3	0	0	"The_Palmetto_Sharpshooters_were_formed_in_April,_1862_–_this_unit,_however,_was_anything_but_green_at_the_time,_since_its_men_had_reenlisted_after_their_one-year_service_obligations_in_other_regiments_had_expired._Intended_to_be_a_specialized_unit_devoted_to_picket_duties,_night_assaults,_and_guarding_infantry_columns,_necessity_forced_it_to_fight_as_heavy_infantry_on_repeated_occasions._"
83	Pound_Cake_Regiment	2	27	0	1	0	0	5	0	10	14	4	0	0	"Named_the_“Pound_Cake_Regiment”_because_of_its_light_duty_while_stationed_on_Sullivan’s_Island_early_in_the_war,_the_1st_Regiment_Rifles,_also_known_as_Orr’s_Rifles,_later_saw_intense_action_on_at_Cold_Harbor,_Petersburg_and_many_of_the_other_major_battles_in_the_East,_taking_59%_casualties_at_the_Battle_of_Gaines’_Mill_alone."
84	Hampton's_Legion	2	27	69	1	0	0	1	2	22	13	5	0	0	"“Hampton’s_Legion,”_more_officially_known_as_the_2nd_South_Carolina_Cavalry_Regiment,_was_a_highly_unusual_regiment,_even_for_the_Civil_War._It_was_organized_by_Col._(later_Gen.)_Wade_Hampton_III,_one_of_the_richest_men_in_the_state_(whose_enormous_plantations_were_worked_by_one_of_the_largest_slave-holdings_in_the_state),_who_had_opposed_secession_from_his_position_in_the_state_legislature_but_then_had_opted_to_support_his_state_by_enlisting_as_a_private._Compelled_by_Gov._Francis_W._Pickens_to_accept_a_colonel’s_commission,_he_went_about_raising_his_own_regiment,_using_his_vast_wealth_to_supply_and_equip_it._When_first_formed,_Hampton’s_Legion_was_comprised_of_six_infantry_companies,_four_cavalry_companies,_and_one_artillery_battery_–_a_unique_configuration._The_Legion_played_a_pivotal_role_at_First_Manassas,_but_the_following_year,_with_the_talented_Hampton_having_been_promoted_and_given_command_of_one_of_the_two_brigades_in_Gen._J.E.B._Stuart’s_cavalry_division,_it_was_broken_up_as_part_of_the_army’s_cavalry_reorganization,_with_the_infantry_being_reassigned_to_Hood’s_Texas_Brigade_and_the_artillery_being_converted_to_horse_artillery_(later_known_as_Hart’s_Battery),_though_it_continued_to_serve,_along_with_the_cavalry,_under_Stuart."
85	Palmetto_Artillery	2	27	67	0	0	1	5	9	4	14	0	0	0	"The_South_Carolina_3rd_Battalion_Light_Artillery,_known_as_the_“Palmetto_Battalion,”_was_organized_in_1862_by_Capt._Hugh_R._Garden,_who,_along_with_some_future_members_of_this_unit,_had_fought_at_First_Manassas_the_year_before._The_battalion_was_assigned_to_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia,_and_its_first_major_action_took_place_at_Antietam,_where_they_helped_to_keep_Federal_forces_from_crossing_“Burnside’s”_Bridge_for_several_hours._Another_memorable_moment_in_the_unit’s_history_occurred_at_Gettysburg,_where_the_guns_of_the_Palmetto_Battalion_formed_part_of_the_line_supporting_Pickett’s_Charge_–_and_one_of_the_guns,_a_12-pounder_field_howitzer_commanded_by_Lt._William_A._McQueen,_was_among_the_five_guns_moved_forward_in_support_of_the_charge,_at_one_point_outdistancing_the_infantry."
86	Bell's_Brigade	2	28	204	0	1	0	8	12	3	4	0	0	0	"Formed_from_existing_regular_and_irregular_cavalry_regiments_raised_in_western_Tennessee_as_part_of_a_reorganization_by_Maj._Gen._Nathan_B._Forrest_in_early_1864,_Bell’s_Brigade_was_led_by_Col._Tyree_H._Bell._It_saw_action_in_Tennessee_and_Mississippi,_participating_in_the_capture_of_the_Union_garrison_at_Fort_Pillow_in_addition_to_numerous_raids_and_battles."
87	Hood's_Texas_Brigade	2	29	0	1	0	0	5	11	2	21	0	0	0	"The_only_Texas_unit_to_fight_in_the_eastern_theater,_this_brigade_was_organized_in_Richmond_in_late_1861_and_put_under_the_command_of_the_newly_promoted_Brig._Gen._John_B._Hood_the_following_March._That_November_Hood_was_promoted_to_command_the_division_in_which_the_Texas_Brigade_was_serving,_but_the_heroic_exploits_of_this_unit_during_the_brief_time_of_Hood’s_command_–_especially_at_Antietam_–_permanently_established_it_as_“Hood’s_Texas_Brigade.”"
88	Ragged_Old_First	2	29	0	1	0	0	11	5	10	20	0	0	0	"The_1st_Texas_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_the_“Ragged_Old_First,”_was_one_of_the_Texas_regiments_that_headed_to_Virginia_and_then_brigaded_together_with_others_to_form_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia’s_Texas_Brigade,_which_gained_its_greatest_fame_under_Gen._John_B._Hood._The_regiment_suffered_82%_casualties_fighting_in_the_cornfield_at_Antietam_–_the_highest_rate_of_any_regiment_in_the_Civil_War._Only_149_of_its_men_were_left_when_Lee’s_army_surrendered_at_Appomattox_Court_House."
89	2nd_Texas_Sharpshooters	2	29	44	1	0	0	3	7	11	15	0	0	0	"Initially_tasked_with_protecting_coastal_Texas,_the_2nd_Texas_Infantry,_or_2nd_Sharpshooters,_was_subsequently_assigned_to_the_Army_of_the_Mississippi._Two_of_its_finest_moments_came_in_the_fighting_at_the_Hornets’_Nest_at_the_Battle_of_Shiloh_and_in_its_assault_on_Battery_Robinett_at_Corinth,_Mississippi."
90	Terry's_Texas_Rangers	2	29	0	0	1	0	17	0	13	10	0	0	0	"Raised_by_wealthy_sugar_planter_Col._Benjamin_F._Terry_and_Lt._Col._Thomas_S._Lubbock_(brother_of_Gov._Francis_R._Lubbock)_in_the_aftermath_of_First_Manassas,_the_men_of_the_8th_Texas_Cavalry_Regiment_called_themselves_“Rangers”_as_a_tribute_to_the_original_Texas_Rangers_who_had_fought_the_Mexicans._Both_Terry_and_Lubbock_would_die_early_in_the_war_(of_wounds_and_disease,_respectively),_but_the_regiment_continued_to_serve_with_distinction_in_the_Army_of_Tennessee,_making_that_army’s_final_cavalry_charge_at_the_Battle_of_Bentonville_in_March,_1865."
91	Arizona_Brigade	2	29	0	0	1	0	17	9	9	17	0	0	0	"The_“Arizona_Brigade”_technically_was_not_a_brigade,_since_the_cavalry_regiments_bearing_that_name_never_fought_all_together_in_the_same_brigade,_instead_serving_in_different_brigades_alongside_Texas_regiments._These_”Arizona”_regiments_formed_after_Arizona_was_captured_by_the_Union_in_July,_1862,_and_their_ranks_were_filled_mostly_with_Texans_–_not_Arizonans_–_whose_purpose_was_to_reclaim_the_former_Confederate_territory_(which_had_been_established_a_year_earlier_when_Union_forces_in_the_area_were_defeated)._But,_while_the_brigade_was_still_being_organized_and_equipped,_the_threat_to_eastern_Texas_emerging_in_the_form_of_Union_Gen._Nathaniel_Banks_caused_the_regiments_to_be_dispersed_and_sent_to_different_parts_of_the_Trans-Mississippi_theater."
92	Stonewall_Brigade	2	31	0	1	0	0	8	11	1	22	0	0	0	"Virginia’s_1st_Brigade_and_its_commander_Gen._Thomas_J._“Stonewall”_Jackson_both_gained_their_nicknames_on_the_same_occasion,_when_at_First_Manassas_another_general_rallied_his_troops_by_proclaiming,_“Look!_There_is_Jackson_standing_like_a_stone_wall!_Rally_behind_the_Virginians!”_The_brigade,_which_was_comprised_mainly_of_recruits_from_the_Shenandoah_Valley,_was_assigned_to_the_Valley_District_and_took_part_in_many_of_the_important_battles_there,_as_well_as_other_parts_of_Virginia._Trained_by_one_of_the_most_exacting_leaders_in_the_war,_this_unit_was_famous_for_its_discipline:_on_one_occasion_it_was_reduced_to_throwing_rocks_after_its_ammunition_ran_low,_but_its_line_held."
93	Laurel_Brigade	2	31	0	0	1	0	17	11	11	10	0	0	0	"Recruited_from_several_Virginia_and_Maryland_counties,_the_Laurel_Brigade_was_a_key_component_of_Gen._Thomas_J._Jackson’s_cavalry_and,_later,_Gen._J.E.B._Stuart’s_cavalry_corps._They_played_an_important_defensive_role_in_thwarting_the_enemy_at_various_points_in_the_Shenandoah_Valley_and_elsewhere_in_Virginia,_but_also_suffered_a_stunning_route_at_the_Battle_of_Tom’s_Brook_that_would_come_to_be_known_as_the_“Woodstock_Races.”"
94	Gamecock_Brigade	2	31	0	1	0	0	11	5	21	22	5	0	0	"This_brigade_of_five_Virginia_regiments,_led_by_Brig._Gen._George_Pickett_as_his_first_combat_command_beginning_in_early_1862,_fought_heroically_at_Yorktown,_Williamsburg,_Seven_Pines,_and_Gaines’_Mill,_earning_it_the_nickname_of_“Gamecock_Brigade”_in_recognition_of_its_fierceness._The_brigade_was_subsequently_commanded_by_Brig._Gen._Richard_B._Garnett,_who_led_his_men_at_the_forefront_of_Pickett’s_Charge_and_came_within_twenty_yards_of_the_Union_line,_only_to_fall_along_with_most_of_his_men."
95	Old_First	2	31	216	1	0	0	11	0	14	22	0	0	0	"The_1st_Virginia_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_the_“Old_First,”_had_its_origin_in_Virginia_militia_companies_created_during_the_French_and_Indian_War_and_first_engaging_in_combat_under_Col._George_Washington_at_the_Battle_of_Great_Meadows_(and,_inauspiciously,_surrendering_on_that_occasion)._During_the_Civil_War,_the_men_of_the_Old_First_came_mainly_from_Richmond,_and_thus_had_previously_worked_as_clerks,_tailors,_and_so_on._Though_it_took_part_in_many_of_the_most_famous_battles_of_the_eastern_front,_it_achieved_everlasting_fame_for_taking_more_than_50%_casualties_during_Pickett’s_Charge."
96	Bloody_Eighth	2	31	0	1	0	0	11	12	15	13	0	0	0	"The_8th_Virginia_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment,_the_“Bloody_Eighth,”_was_recruited_from_the_counties_west_of_Washington,_D.C._Initially_tasked_with_protecting_this_part_of_Virginia_against_Union_incursions,_the_regiment_played_a_prominent_role_in_the_lopsided_victory_at_Ball’s_Bluff_in_October,_1861._It_went_on_to_take_part_in_many_of_the_most_famous_battles_engaged_in_by_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia,_gaining_further_recognition_for_its_charge_against_fortifications_and_artillery_lines_at_the_Battle_of_Gaines’_Mill,_and_everlasting_glory_when_only_ten_men_out_of_205_returned_unhurt_from_Pickett’s_Charge."
97	Extra_Billy_Smith's_Boys	2	31	0	1	0	0	8	0	-1	-1	0	0	0	"Led_by_the_former_(and_future)_Virginia_governor_and_sitting_member_of_the_Confederate_House_of_Representatives_Col._(later_Gen.)_William_“Extra_Billy”_Smith,_the_49th_Virginia_Infantry_Regiment_was_known_as_Extra_Billy_Smith’s_Boys._These_men_fought_in_all_of_the_major_battles_of_the_eastern_theater,_beginning_with_First_Manassas."
98	White's_Comanches	2	31	0	0	1	0	17	17	3	15	0	0	0	"The_35th_Battalion_was_an_independent_cavalry_unit_that_began_as_a_single_company_from_Leesburg_and_subsequently_was_combined_with_five_more_companies_of_Virginians_and_Marylanders_to_form_a_larger_battalion_that_later_served_under_Gen._J.E.B._Stewart._Led_by_Lt._Col._Elijah_V._White,_this_unit_helped_to_save_the_day_at_the_Battle_of_Brandy_Station,_the_largest_cavalry_engagement_of_the_Civil_War._Their_fierce_fighting,_wild_riding_and_ear-piercing_yells_earned_them_the_nickname_of_“White’s_Comanches.”"
99	Pelham's_Horse_Art.	2	31	0	0	1	0	18	17	4	23	0	0	0	"Pelham’s_Horse_Artillery,_the_name_by_which_J.E.B._Stuart’s_Horse_Artillery_Battalion_came_to_be_known,_represented_an_important_innovation_by_Stuart_and_Col._Turner_Ashby_(who_commanded_one_of_the_batteries),_who_recognized_the_value_of_horse_artillery_in_the_early_days_of_the_Civil_War._Eventually_combining_ten_batteries,_whose_men_came_mainly_from_Virginia_but_from_other_states_as_well,_this_unit_was_of_critical_importance_to_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia._It_was_commanded_by_“The_Gallant_Pelham,”_as_Maj._John_Pelham_was_known._Pelham,_who_participated_in_each_of_Stuart’s_engagements_from_First_Manassas_until_the_major’s_death_at_Kelly’s_Ford_on_March_17,_1863,_revolutionized_how_light_artillery_was_used_by_cavalry._He_was_succeeded_by_Major_Robert_F._Beckham,_under_whom_the_battalion_continued_to_perform_at_great_effectiveness,_both_when_the_individual_batteries_were_assigned_to_different_brigades_and_when_they_all_fought_together."
100	Rockbridge_Artillery	2	31	0	0	0	1	8	11	11	1	17	0	0	"Formed_at_the_beginning_of_the_Civil_War_by_volunteers_from_Rockbridge_County,_the_Rockbridge_Artillery_was_originally_led_by_Rev._Dr._William_N._Pendleton,_a_graduate_of_West_Point_who_later_became_an_Episcopalian_minister_and_would_later_become_Gen._Robert_E._Lee’s_chief_of_artillery._The_unit_served_with_distinction_in_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia_throughout_the_war,_beginning_with_First_Manassas."
101	Richmond_Howitzers	2	31	216	0	0	1	5	0	1	-1	17	0	0	"There_were_four_companies_in_the_“Richmond_Howitzers,”_the_first_of_which_was_formed_in_1859_by_George_Wythe_Randolph,_a_grandson_of_Thomas_Jefferson._In_the_immediate_aftermath_of_secession_three_more_companies_were_organized,_forming_an_artillery_battalion._The_battalion_fought_at_Big_Bethel,_First_Manassas,_and_several_other_important_engagements,_remaining_with_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia_throughout_the_war._This_unit_is_notable_for_having_had_black_soldiers_as_early_as_First_Manassas_(where_they_operated_Battery_No._2)."
102	Berdan's_Sharpshooters	1	0	0	1	0	0	3	3	9	10	51	0	0	"The_most_famous_marksmen_of_the_Civil_War,_“Berdan’s_Sharpshooters”_(also_at_one_point_called_“Berdan’s_Brigade”)_were_two_regiments_–_formally_named_the_1st_and_2nd_U.S._Sharpshooters_–_of_expert_shots_recruited_throughout_multiple_states_by_Col._(later_Brig._Gen.)_Hiram_Berdan,_himself_the_most_talented_sport_shooter_in_the_nation,_in_the_summer_and_fall_of_1861._Those_applying_for_service_in_either_unit_had_to_prove_themselves_qualified_through_extremely_difficult_marksmanship_tests._Armed_with_a_Sharps_Rifle,_a_weapon_of_much_greater_accuracy_than_the_rifles_that_were_standard_issue,_the_more_than_2500_sharpshooters_who_served_in_one_of_the_two_regiments_were_commonly_assigned_to_sniping_and_skirmishing_duties,_as_well_as_rear-guard_actions._While_their_role_on_the_battlefield_remained_fairly_constant,_their_role_within_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_frequently_changed,_as_they_were_repeatedly_reassigned_so_that_they_would_serve_where_most_greatly_needed._The_Sharpshooters_first_saw_action_during_the_Peninsula_Campaign_of_1862,_and_participated_in_numerous_battles,_playing_an_especially_crucial_role_at_Gettysburg."
103	Washington_Artillery	2	12	209	0	0	1	13	9	7	21	17	0	0	"The_Washington_Artillery_of_New_Orleans_was_organized_in_1838._It_was_an_elite_social_organization_during_the_nineteenth_century,_and_prominent_New_Orleanians_were_members._“At_the_outbreak_of_the_Civil_War,”_wrote_one_historian,_“there_was_not_a_finer_organization_of_citizen_soldiery_in_America”_(Jennings_C._Wise,_“The_Long_Arm_of_Lee:_the_History_of_the_Artillery_of_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia”)._The_Washington_Artillery_is_the_oldest_still-active_artillery_unit_in_the_National_Guard._Currently_designated_as_the_1/141_Field_Artillery_Battalion_(The_Washington_Artillery),_it_was_serving_in_Iraq_when_Hurricane_Katrina_devastated_New_Orleans._During_the_Civil_War_the_Washington_Artillery_was_likewise_serving_at_the_front_when_New_Orleans_was_conquered_by_the_Union._The_battalion_reported_for_duty_with_the_main_southern_forces_in_northern_Virginia_in_May_1861,_and_took_part_in_all_the_campaigns_of_the_Army_of_Northern_Virginia,_particularly_distinguishing_itself_at_Fredericksburg,_Chancellorsville,_and_Petersburg._When_Gen._Albert_S._Johnston_was_gathering_reinforcements_for_the_Battle_of_Shiloh,_the_5th_Company_of_the_Washington_Artillery_was_organized_from_the_rear_detachments_left_in_New_Orleans,_and_went_on_to_serve_with_distinction_in_the_Army_of_Tennessee_for_the_remainder_of_the_war._Because_the_Washington_Artillery_served_with_both_the_eastern_and_western_armies_simultaneously_it_is_the_only_organization_with_battle_streamers_from_all_the_major_battles_of_the_Civil_War._Legend_has_it_that_when_the_time_came_to_surrender_at_Appomattox_Courthouse_the_battalion_broke_up_its_caissons_and_buried_its_cannon_rather_than_allow_them_to_be_captured._During_World_War_II,_the_Washington_Artillery_received_the_Presidential_Unit_Citation_for_action_at_Colmar._(Contributed_by_Mike_Jennings)"
104	Sykes'_Regulars	1	0	0	1	0	0	5	5	1	11	3	0	0	"When_1861_began,_only_16,000_men_were_serving_in_the_Regular_Army_–_men_who_had_signed_on_for_five-year_tours_of_duty_despite_the_promise_of_harsh_conditions_and_low_pay,_not_expecting_that_they_would_soon_be_fighting_their_fellow_countrymen.__When_the_Civil_War_broke_out,_most_of_these_men_were_stationed_out_West,_keeping_peace_between_Native_Americans_and_American_settlers,_but_they_were_soon_recalled_to_serve_back_in_the_East._Traveling_by_foot,_rail,_and_steamship,_these_regiments_returned_from_as_far_away_as_California_during_1861_and_1862._Veterans_of_the_Seminole,_Mexican_and_Indian_wars,_Regulars_were_valued_for_their_experience,_and_were_often_employed_to_flank_the_enemy_or_fight_rear_guard_actions._It_was_in_the_latter_capacity_that_the_Regulars_were_first_used,_when_a_battalion_of_Regulars_comprised_of_companies_from_eight_different_regiments_and_commanded_by_Maj._George_Sykes_played_a_vital_role_guarding_the_retreat_of_the_defeated_Union_Army_at_the_Battle_of_First_Bull_Run.__That_September,_Sykes_was_promoted_to_brigadier_general_of_volunteers_and_given_a_brigade_of_Regulars_stationed_in_Washington,_D.C._to_command,_and_the_following_spring_during_the_Peninsula_Campaign_he_was_given_command_of_a_division_that_consisted_mainly_of_Regulars._Sykes’_Division_became_the_2nd_Division_of_Gen._Fitz_John_Porter’s_V_Corps_in_May,_and_Sykes_commanded_his_Regulars,_who_fought_with_distinction_at_some_of_the_most_important_battles_of_the_war,_until_he_was_promoted_to_command_V_Corps_himself_in_June_1863."
105	Ellsworth's_Fire_Zouaves	1	22	211	1	0	0	16	0	1	24	0	0	0	"Among_the_most_famous_Zouave_units_of_the_Civil_War_was_the_11th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment,_known_as_“Ellsworth’s_Fire_Zouaves”_because_it_was_recruited_from_members_of_Manhattan’s_Volunteer_Fire_Department_by_Col._Elmer_E._Ellsworth,_a_close_friend_of_Pres._Abraham_Lincoln_and_the_man_chiefly_responsible_for_the_“Zouave_craze”_that_swept_state_militias_just_before_the_outbreak_of_the_war._Known_for_both_their_flamboyant_uniforms_and_precision_drills,_Zouaves_were_named_for_and_modeled_on_the_distinctive_Algerian_troops_in_French_service_during_the_Crimean_War_and_Franco-Austrian_War_of_the_1850’s,_whose_reported_feats_of_bravery_fired_the_imaginations_of_Europeans_and_Americans_and_greatly_impressed_Capt._George_B._McClellan_during_his_tour_of_European_armies._Inspired_by_such_reports_of_dauntless_courage_and_exotic_uniforms,_the_young_Ellsworth,_an_Illinois_militiaman,_organized_the_U.S._Zouave_Cadets_of_Chicago,_who_in_1860_toured_twenty_cities_to_demonstrate_their_drill_techniques_and_model_their_French-influenced_attire_before_large_crowds._This_tour,_in_turn,_inspired_numerous_other_militia_units_to_adopt_Zouave_practices,_leading_to_the_appearance_of_dozens_of_Zouave_units_on_both_sides_in_the_Civil_War._When_Fort_Sumter_was_fired_on_and_surrendered,_Ellsworth_raised_his_unit_of_“Fire_Zouaves,”_but_he_never_got_to_command_them_in_action:_on_May_24,_1861,_the_day_after_Virginia’s_secession_was_ratified,_he_was_shot_and_killed_by_an_innkeeper_in_Alexandria,_Virginia_after_he_took_down_from_the_roof_a_Confederate-style_flag_that_would_have_been_visible_from_the_White_House._The_24-year-old_Ellsworth_became_widely_hailed_as_the_“First_Martyr_of_the_Civil_War”_and_“the_first_to_fall.”_His_men_went_on_to_fight_in_the_Battle_of_First_Bull_Run_and_also_saw_action_on_March_8,_1862_while_stationed_at_Newport_News,_Virginia,_when_the_ironclads_C.S.S._“Virginia”_and_U.S.S._“Monitor”_fought_at_Hampton_Roads._The_regiment_was_mustered_out_in_June_1862._"
106	Rush’s_Lancers	1	25	214	0	1	0	17	12	13	1	0	0	0	"The_6th_Pennsylvania_Cavalry_Regiment,_known_as_Rush’s_Lancers,_was_one_of_the_finest_volunteer_cavalry_regiments_of_the_Civil_War._Formed_in_Philadelphia_in_November_1861,_many_of_its_officers_had_served_in_an_elite_militia_unit_called_the_Philadelphia_City_Troop,_an_organization_that_traced_its_roots_to_George_Washington’s_bodyguard_during_the_American_Revolution._While_the_regiment_was_being_formed_by_Col._Richard_H._Rush,_grandson_of_Founding_Father_Dr._Benjamin_Rush,_Gen._George_B._McClellan_sent_a_note_to_him_that_asked,_“How_would_you_like_to_organize_your_regiment_as_lancers?”_Since_there_were_no_other_weapons_available_to_the_unit,_Rush_had_little_choice_but_to_agree_to_McClellan’s_request._The_men_initially_had_been_armed_with_Colt_pistols_and_light_sabers,_but_after_McClellan’s_request_the_Austrian_lance_was_chosen_–_a_weapon_nine_feet_long_with_an_eleven-inch,_three-edged_blade_and_a_scarlet_swallow-tailed_pennon_that_weighed_nearly_five_pounds._Subsequently,_twelve_carbines_to_a_company_were_added_to_its_arms_for_picket_and_scout_duty._The_lance_was_cumbersome_and_impractical_in_the_wooded_terrain,_and_it_made_the_men_of_the_regiment_a_laughingstock_for_the_rest_of_the_army,_the_pennants_being_called_“hospital_flags”_as_they_were_a_handy_target_for_Confederate_sharpshooters._However,_the_lances_set_the_men_of_the_regiment_apart,_and_they_proudly_wore_the_name_Rush’s_Lancers._Finally,_in_May_1863,_the_regiment_realized_the_burden_they_were_carrying_and_turned_in_their_lances_for_Sharp’s_carbines._The_Lancers_earned_a_reputation_for_being_a_highly_trained_and_reliable_unit,_despite_being_armed_initially_with_antiquated_weapons,_and_left_their_mark_on_key_battlefields,_including_Antietam,_Fredericksburg,_Chancellorsville,_Gettysburg,_Brandy_Station_(where_they_conducted_one_of_the_most_famous_charges_of_the_war_and_suffered_the_highest_casualties_of_any_Union_unit_present),_and_Appomattox_Station._(Contributed_by_Bill_Hawthorne,_deceased)"
107	Perry’s_Saints	1	22	104	1	0	0	8	0	14	16	0	0	0	"The_48th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment_was_also_known_as_the_“Continental_Guards”_Regiment_or_“Perry’s_Saints.”_The_former_designation_referred_to_the_multi-state_composition_of_the_unit,_while_the_latter_honored_the_regiment’s_organizer_and_first_commander,_Col._James_H._Perry._On_July_24,_1861,_Perry_received_authority_to_recruit_a_regiment_of_infantry_at_Brooklyn,_by_Sept._16_his_regiment_of_men_from_New_York_City_and_New_Jersey_was_fully_mustered._Because_of_Perry’s_prominence_as_a_Methodist_minister,_the_48th_attracted_a_different_kind_of_recruit:_included_were_many_seminary_students_and_others_from_strongly_religious_backgrounds._Perry_contributed_to_the_unusual_composition_of_the_unit_by_discouraging_the_consumption_of_alcohol._In_June_1862,_however,_the_regiment_was_at_Tybee_Island,_near_Savannah,_when_a_quantity_of_alcohol_washed_ashore_from_a_stranded_ship_and_many_of_the_men_consumed_these_spirits._Perry_died_of_a_heart_attack_the_next_day,_but_whether_this_was_the_result_of_the_previous_days’_activities_is_unclear._Perry’s_Saints_participated_in_several_heated_battles_during_the_period,_including_the_bloody,_ill-fated_assault_on_Battery_Wagner,_which_guarded_the_Southern_approaches_to_Charleston_Harbor,_in_July_1863._(The_unit_was_part_of_the_same_brigade_that_included_an_experimental_black_regiment_of_free_men,_the_54th_Massachusetts.)_In_February_1864,_the_Saints_fought_the_Battle_of_Olustee_(Florida)._That_April,_the_unit_was_transferred_to_Virginia_and_the_Army_of_the_James,_fighting_at_Bermuda_Hundred_and_Drewry’s_Bluff_before_joining_with_the_Army_of_the_Potomac_at_Cold_Harbor,_Deep_Bottom,_Strawberry_Plains,_Hatcher’s_Run_and_finally_Petersburg._By_the_end_of_the_Civil_War,_the_48th_was_a_shadow_of_a_once_mighty_thousand-man_regiment,_its_proud_flag_in_tatters_and_its_men_having_suffered_859_battle_casualties._Having_done_their_duty_to_save_the_Union,_in_spring_of_1865_the_survivors_went_home._(Contributed_by_Bill_Hawthorne,_deceased)"
108	Avegno_Zouaves	2	12	0	1	0	0	16	0	3	24	0	0	0	"As_early_as_the_outbreak_of_the_war,_Anatole_P._Avegno_raised_six_volunteer_companies_known_as_"Governor's_Guards",_Co._1,_and_Co._2_etc.__These_six_companies_were_to_form_the_"AVEGNO_ZOUAVE_BATTALION",_whose_effectives_were_increased_later_by_the_coming_of_four_new_companies,_all_units_forming_then_the_13th_Infantry_regiment_of_Louisiana._The_Avegnos_Zouaves,_recruited_from_a_high_stratum_of_society,_also_had_a_reputation_for_wildness;_in_their_ranks_were_Frenchmen,_Chinese,_Mexicans,_Italians,_Spaniards,_and_Irishmen._The_unit_was_active_in_the_conflicts_at_Shiloh,_Farmington,_and_Perryville,_then_was_assigned_to_D.W._Adams'_and_Gibson's_Brigade,_Army_of_Tennessee._It_was_consolidated_with_the_10th_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment_from_December,_1862_to_April,_1864._The_regiment_fought_with_the_army_from_Murfreesboro_to_Atlanta,_endured_Hood's_winter_campaign_in_Tennessee,_and_ended_the_war_defending_Mobile."
109	Duryee_Zouaves	1	22	0	1	0	0	16	0	2	0	0	0	0	"The_5th_NY_Veteran_Infantry,_known_as_Duryee_Zouaves,_were_part_of_the_Union_forces_from_late_1863_to_mid_1865._Assigned_to_Major_General_Warren's_Fifth_Corps,_they_played_a_conspicuous_part_in_the_campaigns_of_the_East_as_part_of_the_Army_of_the_Potomac,_enduring_the_actions_of_Bethesda_Church,_the_Assult_on_Petersburg,_Weldon_Railroad,_Poplar_Spring_Church,_Hatcher's_Run,_Hicksford's_Raid,_Siege_of_Petersburg,_2nd_Hatcher's_Run,_White_Oak_Road,_Five_Forks,_and_the_Appomattox_Surrender._They_were_mustered_out_8/21/65_at_Hart's_Island,_Long_Island_Sound,_between_Long_Island_and_the_Bronx."
110	Hawkins'_Zouaves	1	22	0	1	0	0	16	0	22	0	0	0	0	"The_Ninth_New_York_Infantry,_also_known_as_Hawkins'_Zouaves,_served_admirably_in_the_Eastern_Theatre_of_the_American_Civil_War._Best_remembered_for_their_gaudy_Zouave_uniforms,_this_regiment_spearheaded_the_Federal_Army's_advance_into_the_streets_of_the_town_of_Sharpsburg,_Maryland_during_the_battle_of_Antietam,_America's_bloodiest_day_in_history,_September_17,_1862._The_men_of_the_Ninth_New_York_Infantry_advanced_further_than_any_other_Federal_regiment_engaged_that_day."
111	Gosline's_Penn._Zouaves	1	25	0	1	0	0	16	0	-1	0	0	0	0	"This_command,_originally_known_as_the_Pennsylvania_Zouaves,_then_as_the_Forty-fifth,_afterwards_the_Fifty-fourth,_and_finally_as_the_Ninety-fifth,_was_organized_at_Philadelphia,_in_the_month_of_August,_1861,_under_the_direction_of_John_M_Gosline,_a_Captain_in_the_Eighteenth_Regiment_for_the_three_months'_service,_under_authority_granted_by_the_War_Department_on_the_27th_of_July._Many_of_both_officers_and_men_had_served_in_the_three_months'_campaign,_and_previously_in_the_Washington_Blues,_an_infantry_corps_of_the_State_Militia._From_Gettysburg_to_Petersburg,_from_Washington_City_to_the_Shenandoah_Valley,_the_95th_PVI_saw_action_at_most_corners_of_the_eastern_theater_and_fought_gallantly_throughout_the_4_years_of_the_war."
112	Birney's_Fire_Zouaves	1	25	0	1	0	0	16	0	13	0	0	0	0	"Birney's_Zouaves_23rd_Pa_Volunteers_started_recruiting_on_April_18th_1861_in_Philadelphia_and_was_mustered_into_the_U.S._Army_service_on_April_21st_1861._The_regiment's_uniforms_were_a_dark_blue_Zouave_color,_and_thusly_became_known_as_Birney's_Zouaves._Its_combat_history_began_at_Harper's_Ferry_on_June_17th_1861._Even_though_experiencing_transfers_into_other_combat_organizations,_Birney's_Zouaves_23rd_Volunteers_closed_out_their_military_existence_in_1865."
120	High_Pressure_Brigade	2	18	0	1	0	0	1	2	16	13	2	0	0	"Gen._J.R._Chalmers'_Brigade_was_organized_under_the_order_of_General_Bragg,_March_6_[1862],_including_the_Seventh,_Ninth,_Tenth_Regiments,_Baskerville’s_cavalry,_and_the_Vaiden_artillery._This_Mississippi_organization_earned_the_title_of_"the_High_Pressure_Brigade,"_by_its_intrepid_dash_during_the_Battle_of_Munfordville,_Kentucky._Serving_exclusively_in_the_Western_Theater_throughout_most_of_the_war,_the_famous_'High_Pressure_Brigade'_won_distinction_on_many_a_hotly_contested_field."
121	Coms_Avengers	2	18	0	1	0	0	3	0	10	14	6	0	0	"The_First_Mississippi_Battalion_Sharpshooters_was_formed_from_three_companies_drawn_from_the_Second_Confederate_Regiment_and_Caruther's_Sharpshooters_during_the_fall_of_1862._Caruther's_Sharpshooters,_merged_in_this_battalion,_particularly_distinguished_during_the_battle_of_Corinth,_MS,_showing_great_displays_of_gallantry_in_the_skirmish_line_with_the_First_Missouri,_and_with_the_Twenty-second_Mississippi_in_charging_and_capturing_a_battery_October_3,_1862,_in_line_of_battle_and_under_artillery_fire_on_the_4th,_and_as_rear_guard_on_the_retreat_on_the_5th._Attached_to_General_Rust's_and_Featherston's_Brigade,_Department_of_Mississippi_and_East_Louisiana,_the_Mississippi_Battalion_participated_in_numerous_conflicts_around_Vicksburg._Continuing_under_the_command_of_General_Featherston,_the_battalion_fought_with_the_Army_of_Tennessee_from_Resaca_to_Bentonville_-_the_last_battle_of_the_army._By_the_time_the_First_Battalion_was_finally_consolidated_with_Twenty-second_and_Thirty-third_Regiments_April_9,_1865,_as_the_Twenty-second_Regiment,_the_soldiers_of_the_First_Mississippi_Battalion_Sharpshooters_had_sustained_their_reputation_for_coolness_and_courage_and_gallantry_in_action_throughout_all_the_war."
122	Collis'_Zouaves_d'Afrique	1	25	0	1	0	0	16	2	24	4	6	0	0	"In_1861_the_Zouaves_d'_Afrique_were_formed_by_Charles_H._T._Collis_as_an_elite_zouave_company._They_served_as_a_bodyguard_unit_for_Gen._Banks_and_fought_in_the_1862_Virginia_campaign._By_September_Collis_was_authorized_to_organize_an_entire_regiment--the_114th._The_Zouaves_d'_Afrique_became_Company_A_of_that_regiment._It_was_composed_of_a_fine_body_of_men,_most_of_whom_had_seen_service_in_European_armies,_or_in_militia_companies_of_the_city_of_Philadelphia._From_the_fall_of_1862_until_the_spring_of_1865,_the_men_of_the_114th_Pennsylvania_saw_active_service_in_the_four_major_campaigns_of_Fredericksburg,_Chancellorsville,_Gettysburg,_and_at_Petersburg_for_the_final_assault._They_were_also_involved_in_battles_at_Auburn_and_Guiney's_Station_as_well_as_a_number_of_other_fights._"Army_life_for_these_Philadelphia_Zouaves,_as_for_most_men_who_served,_was_characterized_by_months_of_stifling_boredom_punctuated_by_moments_of_sheer_terror."_(Hagerty,_Edward_J.,_"Collis'_Zouaves")_"
123	Pointe_Coupee_Artillery	2	12	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	6	20	0	0	"The_Pointe_Coupee_Louisiana_Artillery_was_originally_organized_as_a_single_battery_in_August,_1861._Its_members_were_recruited_in_Pointe_Coupee,_West_Baton_Rouge,_and_Concordia_parishes._It_was_increased_to_a_battalion_at_Abbeville,_Mississippi_August_1862,_and_assigned_to_the_Department_of_Mississippi_and_East_Louisiana._The_batteries_served_as_attachments_to_various_commands_and_fought_with_distinction_in_many_major_engagements_in_the_western_theater,_most_notably_during_the_battles_of_Belmont,_Island_#10,_Champion_Hill_and_the_Vicksburg_Siege._Later_in_the_war,_the_reorganized_unit_joined_the_Army_of_Tennessee_and_was_virtually_wiped_out_at_Nashville_on_December_15-16,_1864._Capt._Bouanchaud_and_his_famous_Pointe_Coupee_battery_undoubtedly_saved_Gen._Hood's_army_from_being_overwhelmingly_routed_in_the_first_day's_fight,_but_of_his_brave_little_French_Pointe_Coupee_boys,_many_had_poured_out_their_blood_and_given_their_lives_for_the_honor_and_glory_of_Louisiana."
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