warspite1 wrote: Sun Nov 20, 2022 11:56 am
So where are we with Curtis Lemay’s plan?
Sadly not too further forward because of a refusal to provide any detail. Even though he’s said he’s played this out successfully on a number of realistic sims, I am unsure how that happened. For example, Curtis Lemay believed that Zeros could fly to the HI and there was also no mention of destroyers needing to be converted. There was talk of at least a couple of islands around Oahu being occupied but this was scaled back to one. There is also now a belated realisation that Midway needs to be occupied.
What I said was that I have captured the HI in every Pacific wargame I've played - but years ago. I've not gamed this specific plan.
So what is ‘the plan’?
1. The biggest element is that the timing of Japan going to war is now completely flexible. The Japanese will only launch the raid on Pearl Harbor once a number of aircraft carriers (that Curtis Lemay won’t specify) are in Pearl.
We've agreed on two.
2. All historical plans will then proceed, in line with the raid, except the attack on Luzon (but with the addition of Midway). The raid itself is expanded so that, in conjunction with the raid, four battalions of infantry, air ground crew etc. are landed on Maui so that Bettys (that have bombed Pearl) then fly onto Maui so that they can take up operations to reduce the defences on Oahu.
Two battalions of infantry, not four.
a. Japan going to war
The key to this plan is that Yamamoto was sufficiently converted to the idea that battleships have been replaced by the aircraft carrier as the primary naval weapon. So much so that unless the US Pacific Fleet carriers can be destroyed, then the Pearl Harbor raid is not worth it. Curtis Lemay won’t say whether this means one, two or three carriers need to be destroyed, but I think that if Yamamoto is effectively saying Japan can’t go to war without the carriers being sunk, he probably means all three.
Of course there is absolutely no evidence that Yamamoto was this advanced in his thinking – indeed his thought process at Midway and elsewhere suggests he still believed that the BB was the primary weapon.
Yamamoto didn't survive the war so never got to write about his beliefs about this. Rather than engage in mind reading, I say his beliefs should be deduced from his ACTIONS. And his actions were to launch a
carrier strike on Pearl Harbor. Not a
battleship strike (as the Japanese did in the R-J war). He clearly was inspired by Taranto. He wanted to repeat it. The idea that he intended his carriers to be torched in the Pearl raid is insane. Furthermore, the Bismarck was crippled by a carrier and that probably was the reason it was later sunk. Sure, Japan, like every other navy at this time, had proponents of the battleship. But they were opposed by proponents of carriers. The evidence deduced from their actions seems pretty clear that the carrier side was on top at this time.
But Curtis Lemay believes that the Japanese leadership would have been sold on the idea that Japan would only go to war if the carriers can be sunk. This despite the fact that such an idea simply means Japan’s strategic position continues to worsen through the reduction of oil reserves – a reduction ironically that is increased because an enlarged KB and other invasion task forces keep sailing for targets – only then to be recalled because the carriers aren’t home…..
So under this ‘plan’ Japan have absolutely no idea when, and no guarantee if, they will ever go to war. Sounds feasible right?
Sound
flexible to me. Sort of like Eisenhower and Overlord.
b. The invasion of Maui
The next big change to the Pearl Operation is that it is expanded to allow for two? battalions of infantry, equipment, transport, air force ground crew, aircraft spare parts, ammunition, AA weaponry to be landed on Maui. No detail has been given but I assume these are army troops and so there is the small matter of how the army is persuaded to release these units for a naval operation that they can’t evidence they can supply even if they land.
But in any case, Japan did not have the vessels to allow this to happen and so it’s envisaged that Yamamoto would have had the foresight to do something about it. This ‘something’ involves more than 10% of the IJN destroyer fleet being converted. The conversion would need to be resourced, and dock space found (in competition with all the competing needs of other areas of the navy – the carrier program and the battleship program to name but two) and the need for this to be realised sufficiently early so that there is time for all ships to be converted.
Postponement of Luzon frees up plenty of infantry, supplies, ships, and aircraft. The Luzon invasion was huge - lots of ground combat tactically supported by air and naval. The overall supply needs of the entire Pacific have no NET increase due to this postponement.
Even if we could accept that Yamamoto would think of this, even if we accept that priority would be given in preference to carriers and battleships, when would he have actually had to have had this brain wave? How long would each conversion take?
I think taking the 3 turrets and 2 torpedo bays out could be done in a week. The rest of the work doesn't require even dock space. So...12 weeks for 12 destroyers. All using just one port berth anywhere in the entire Japanese empire.
But getting the destroyers available is only the beginning of the problem. Two battalions of infantry plus the support units will be crammed into these vessels for potentially weeks/months at a time, sailing up and down the treacherous North Pacific – from time to time replenished by tankers en route - waiting for the green light. Really?
Compare this "hardship" to being a Kamakaze!
We have no detail as to how and when these ships will sail for Maui, where they will wait for the order to land, how long that would take, when the troops (assuming they land) would need to secure the airfield and round up the islands defenders. Essentially it’s all just assumed that it will happen, they will not be detected at any point and everything goes like clockwork.
It's a 400 mile roundtrip from the launch point. The destroyers can do 1400 miles before needing to be refueled. That's 1000 miles of slack for the above purposes. That's all the detail anyone should need.
An unspecified number of unidentified Bettys will then fly thousands of miles to bomb Pearl (no mention of when in terms of the initial attack – but presumably has to be afterwards when defences on Pearl have been alerted) with no fighter protection and safely land on the airfield that has (obviously) been secured on Maui. The destroyer flotillas have brought enough AA weaponry to safeguard the Bettys and also enough bombs and ammunition, fuel, spare parts etc to keep the unescorted Bettys flying in the coming days and weeks to reduce Oahu.
Gosh! How could the Japanese coordinate two groups of bombers and fighters? Why they would have to have watches and radios....oh, wait. The carriers are providing fighter cover. And the aircraft on Oahu are being smashed.
It is a risk-reward option. Very little is being risked. The reward is huge.
c. The invasion of Malaya and the NEI etc.
The plan calls for the invasions elsewhere to all happen as per the historical (but in line with the Pearl raid) except Luzon. So while the enlarged KB are tooling around the North Pacific waiting for the carriers, the units tasked with these operations have to sail to their targets (to maintain co-ordination) but then return each time the KB is told the carriers aren’t at home. They will continue to do this, burning up fuel, fraying the nerves of the combat units and increasing chances of detection until those pesky carriers – “where the **** is Saratoga anyway?” (in Japanese) are found to be in port.
As said there is now one additional invasion required. Along with other changes that Curtis Lemay realised needed to be made, he realised that Midway would need to be taken to help with the operation. Sadly no details about Midway’s defences, the Japanese units required to take the island or the timing was given. Given the problems the Japanese found at Wake and given the importance of taking Midway, I would have thought he would have some idea worked out but….
This is a bonus. The postponement of Luzon frees up enough ground forces that Midway's fall can be ensured. Especially with the carriers in support. No Battle of Midway required later on.
We are told that because the attack on Luzon isn’t happening there is plenty of oil to go around. All that I see is that this revised operation delays, for an indeterminate length of time, the receipt of oil from the NEI, while the enlarged and expanded operations are costing Japan much more oil than historically.
Luzon is a huge operation needing lots of logistical support. Postponing it will reduce the Pacific-wide supply needs.
Of course without Curtis Lemay identifying the ships, aircraft and troops being used for all these new operations, we can’t know what that would mean in terms of follow-up operations. For example how many Bettys used in the PI were then needed in NEI or elsewhere? Curtis Lemay blithely writes off the loss of 80-100 front-line aircraft and precious aircrew, but Japan just didn’t have that luxury given replacement rates.
They have that luxury if it results in a years delay in US response - which was what Nimitz felt it would entail.
I say again, the war wasn’t fought in silos. Changes to one area means a knock-on effect elsewhere. Curtis Lemay couldn’t grasp that with Spain/Turkey and he still hasn’t grasped the concept here. This is particularly important when discussing Japan because their military and economic resources were so thinly stretched.
I was right about the southern strategy, and the change in the Luzon invasion accounts for the additions elsewhere.
I think there is so much about this ‘plan’ that simply doesn’t get past first base, but the biggest obstacle is clearly this:
Going to war is a huge undertaking. Why would a country recognise they have a pressing strategic need to go to war but then, having decided that would happen, dictate that they will only do so if and when three warships are in port…..?
Again, Eisenhower and Overlord.
The viability of the plan depends entirely on the value of carriers vs. battleships. If, as Grigsby says, carriers are worth 10x battleships, the plan is a no brainer. The evidence was already out there that that was the case. And the evidence is that Yamamoto was on that side of the issue.