Added Japanese Indian National Army Units in slots as follows:
Code: Select all
# NameName Add Type Nation LocationX LocationY Planning ExperienceBase Pool =220 Morale Base # PortSz Airfield Sz LeaderUnitID AttachedHQID TargetID LCUFatigue LCUFormationID
1745 INA Azad Bde 7 1 22 51 0 60 220 50 022 , 051 0 0 1033 0 0 0 941
1746 INA GandhiBde 7 1 22 51 0 60 220 50 022 , 051 0 0 1015 0 0 0 941
1747 INA Nehru Bde 7 1 22 51 0 50 220 40 022 , 051 0 0 682 0 0 0 941
1748 INA SubhasBde 7 1 22 51 0 60 220 70 022 , 051 0 0 526 0 0 0 941
Converted Japanese Leaders 1033, 1015, 682, 526 as follows:
1033 - Azad Brigade: Col. M. Z. Kiani.
Overall: 55 Inspir: 50 Naval: 0 Air: 25 Land: 65 Admin: 50 Aggress: 50
Kiani was the First Division commander,and he was considered the best of the INA commanders by Bose and his peers. Kiani oversaw the Azad brigade during the Imphal campaigns, so I have substituted him for the actual brigade commander (Col Gulzara Singh).
1015 - Gandhi Brigade: Col. B.J.S. Garewal
Overall: 30 Inspir: 10 Naval: 0 Air: 10 Land: 40 Admin: 50 Aggress: 40
Garewal defected to the British after the Imphal campaign.
682 - Nehru Brigade: Col. Shah Nawaz (aka Shahnawaz Khan)
Overall: 50 Inspir: 60 Naval: 0 Air: 20 Land: 40 Admin: 60 Aggress: 60
Nawaz, was Bose’s Chief of Staff, and commanded ad hoc detached one-or-two battalion sized task forces. He was named Second Division commander, and often oversaw the Nehru Brigade and its actual commander, Col G.S. Dhillon.
526 -Subhas Brigade : Col. Thakur Singh
Overall: 40 Inspir: 40 Naval: 0 Air: 15 Land: 50 Admin: 35 Aggress: 70
The “elite” brigade of the INA, Subhas was almost completely destroyed by the fighting in Imphal, and the subsequent retreat.
A Brief History of the Indian National Army
When Singapore fell, the Japanese had captured 67,000 Indian soldiers serving in the British army. Some 40,000 of the captives, either willingly or under duress, joined the Indian National Army (or Azad Hind Fauz), organized to liberate India from British rule. Mistrust between the Indian military leaders and their Japanese patrons prevented the effective organization of the INA until the charismatic and respected Indian nationalist Netaji (“Great Leader”) Subhas Chandra Bose reached Tokyo from Germany in May, 1943. Bose was one of the pre-war leaders of the Indian independence movement. He opposed Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent resistance, (while, ironically, admiring him enough to name a brigade after him) and fled India to escape arrest by the British.
With the approval of the Japanese Cabinet, Bose established the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (“Free India”), raised funds and additional volunteers for the army from the ethnic Indian communities in Japan and Southeast Asia, and reorganized the INA. On October 21st, 1943, at a public rally in Singapore, Bose was declared Head of State and Supreme Commander of the INA, based in Singapore.
Bose intended to build an army of 50,000 men. The Japanese agreed to arm only 30,000, however, and that seems to have been the effective strength of the INA. Although the INA had a division structure on paper, in practice the units fought as separate brigades, or with the battalions dispersed to support Japanese units. Japanese field commanders in Burma bitterly opposed the creation of an independent INA, and their prejudice and resistance reduced the effectiveness of the INA when it joined them in combat.
Bose overrode local Japanese military opposition by winning the support of Field Marshall Count Terauchi, and the Japanese government in Tokyo. The INA was subject to its own military justice – not Japan’s – and Bose’s government was to administer any ‘liberated’ portions of India. Japan transferred the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the Azad Hind’s administration.
By December of 1943 the Japanese agreed that the INA was well-enough trained and equipped to be committed to battle. In January, headquarters and the First Division were shifted to Rangoon, and brigades were sent forward to participate in the 1944 Arakan and Imphal campaigns. The INA fought against the British advance in Burma until the war’s end.
With Japan’s surrender, the British captured 23,000 INA survivors. As Bose had died in a plane crash in the waning days of the war, the British tried three of his subordinates for treason. To the surprise of both the British and the pro-independence Indian Congress party the “Red Fort” trials revealed mass support for the INA veterans as Indian patriots. After many protests, a widespread mutiny within the Royal Indian Navy, and a sit-down strike within the Air Force, the trio were acquitted in 1946.