"A Few Good Men" : the 1/5 Marines 1942-45
Posted: Tue Dec 05, 2006 5:00 am
Wellington, New Zealand, July 1942: My name is Lt Col G. E. Higginbotham, and I'm about to take my men to war. I serve in the 5th Marines, a famed regiment, and my 1st Battalion is part of it. We have received orders to prepare to ship out. We're going to invade a Japanese-held island called Guadalcanal.
I took command of 1/5 in February. It's a brand new unit. This is why: the previous 1/5, commanded by "Red Mike" Edson, was taken from the fledgling 1st Marine Division to form a new commando-type unit. So, I had to rebuild my unit from scratch. We do have a core of experienced so-called "Old Breed" Marines, but the majority are fresh recruits.
If you've read the papers, you know what's happened in the last 6 months. Pearl Harbor was attacked, wich was the beginning of a general Japanese offensive in the Pacific. Some old friends are now their prisoners, with Marine garrisons on Wake Island, Guam and in the Philippines having been overwhelmed and forced to surrender.
I'd previously served as a Staff Officer, but with a war on I was determined to get a field commission. So, here I am, on board a ship with roughly 800 men of my battalion.
I will be in command of what is being called Combat Team A. This is the 1/5 Marine Battalion, with an attached tank company (Co A , 1st Tank Bn , equipped with M2A4 tanks), an engineer platoon, recon troops, and a section of 75mm -armed halftracks from the divisional Special Weapons Battalion. This is an impressive augmentation to the firepower that my battalion already posesses.
For my battalion, I pushed towards a special weapons loadout. Taking the example of Col Edson's now -designated 1st (Separate) Raider Battalion, the reconstituted 1/5 has four 81mm mortars under the battalion HQ. I eschewed the 37mm AT guns. The attached tank company and GMCs would, IMO, be sufficient to handle any threat from Japanese tanks.
For each of the three rifle companies, I have three 60mm mortars and six .30 air-cooled MGs. I didn't want the heavier water-cooled MGs -- I sacrificed firepower for mobility. It took some doing, but I managed to get those unauthorized TOE changes approved specifically for my battalion.
I had read the fragmentary combat reports from our now-imprisoned comrades, and had come to some conclusions. I theorized that in jungle combat, the key to victory will lay in close cooperation between tanks & infantry, coupled with judicious application of quick-response close-support mortar fire.
I talked to my officers about this method, and some of those who had experience in the "banana wars" feel that it may have some merit.
August 7, 1942-- we are entering Savo Sound, and soon we will be lauching the first stroke in our counteroffensive against the Japanese. Our troops will soon be landing on hostile shores and facing opponents that have acquired a fearsome reputation.
In my heart, I realize it will be costly, but we will prevail. We MUST prevail...
(to be continued)
I took command of 1/5 in February. It's a brand new unit. This is why: the previous 1/5, commanded by "Red Mike" Edson, was taken from the fledgling 1st Marine Division to form a new commando-type unit. So, I had to rebuild my unit from scratch. We do have a core of experienced so-called "Old Breed" Marines, but the majority are fresh recruits.
If you've read the papers, you know what's happened in the last 6 months. Pearl Harbor was attacked, wich was the beginning of a general Japanese offensive in the Pacific. Some old friends are now their prisoners, with Marine garrisons on Wake Island, Guam and in the Philippines having been overwhelmed and forced to surrender.
I'd previously served as a Staff Officer, but with a war on I was determined to get a field commission. So, here I am, on board a ship with roughly 800 men of my battalion.
I will be in command of what is being called Combat Team A. This is the 1/5 Marine Battalion, with an attached tank company (Co A , 1st Tank Bn , equipped with M2A4 tanks), an engineer platoon, recon troops, and a section of 75mm -armed halftracks from the divisional Special Weapons Battalion. This is an impressive augmentation to the firepower that my battalion already posesses.
For my battalion, I pushed towards a special weapons loadout. Taking the example of Col Edson's now -designated 1st (Separate) Raider Battalion, the reconstituted 1/5 has four 81mm mortars under the battalion HQ. I eschewed the 37mm AT guns. The attached tank company and GMCs would, IMO, be sufficient to handle any threat from Japanese tanks.
For each of the three rifle companies, I have three 60mm mortars and six .30 air-cooled MGs. I didn't want the heavier water-cooled MGs -- I sacrificed firepower for mobility. It took some doing, but I managed to get those unauthorized TOE changes approved specifically for my battalion.
I had read the fragmentary combat reports from our now-imprisoned comrades, and had come to some conclusions. I theorized that in jungle combat, the key to victory will lay in close cooperation between tanks & infantry, coupled with judicious application of quick-response close-support mortar fire.
I talked to my officers about this method, and some of those who had experience in the "banana wars" feel that it may have some merit.
August 7, 1942-- we are entering Savo Sound, and soon we will be lauching the first stroke in our counteroffensive against the Japanese. Our troops will soon be landing on hostile shores and facing opponents that have acquired a fearsome reputation.
In my heart, I realize it will be costly, but we will prevail. We MUST prevail...
(to be continued)