Notes/References (final)
Posted: Sat Dec 10, 2005 3:59 pm
by el cid again
Note 1: Japanese Navy Wartime Organization Table [Zero, Matsatake Okumiya and Jiro
Horikoshi with Martin Caidin, Pp. 30-35]
Note 2: Analysis Number Two of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Minoru Genda [The Pearl
Harbor Papers, Pp. 42-43, Donald M. Goldstein & Katherine V. Dillon, Editors]
Note 3: Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Rene Francillon, Pp. 41-42.
Note 4: Combat Aircraft of World War Two, Elke C. Weal, John A. Weal and Richard F.
Barker, p. 165.
Note 5: Several sources indicate B4Y1 carried early in the war. B5N2 is assigned
because it could have been assigned at any time and B4Y1 is not in the plane set.
Note 6: Air group types and ready numbers adapted from Composition of Forces [Coral
Sea], a) Japanese, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Vol. IV: Coral Sea and Midway, Samuel Elliot Morison, Pp. 17-18. Supported by Japanese Naval Aces and Fighter Units in World War II, Ikuhiko Hata and Yasuho Izawa, p. 57. Air group TO&E numbers adapted from that of sister ship Zuiho in reference Note 1 above.
Note 7: Air group types and ready numbers adapted from reference Note 1 above.
TO & E numbers adapted from Composition of Forces [Midway], a) Japanese,
p. 88., ibid. Morison.
Note 8: TO&E taken from op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 63. Ready numbers taken from
same, p. 61. Supported by Operational Composition of Forces [Santa Cruz Islands], b) Japanese, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Vol. V: The Struggle For Guadalcanal, Samuel Elliot Morison, Pp. 206-207 and by Task Organizations [Aleutians], a) Japanese, op. cit. Morison, Vol. IV, Pp. 172-173. These groups were reformed as 652 Koku Senati. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 80-82.
Note 9: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 67.
Note 10: This squadron was disbanded in April, 1942. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 19.
Note 11: After arriving back in the Inland Sea on 23 April 1942, the air group was
changed to 16 A6M2 and 20 B5N2. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 32. This group was reformed as part of 652 Koku Senati. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 80-82.
Note 12: On 14 July 1942 the air group was changed to 21 A6M2 and 6 B5N2. op. cit.
Hata & Izawa, p.53. This airgroup was reformed as part of 653 Koku Sentai.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 83-87.
Note 13: On 22 March 1943 the air group consisted of 27 A6M and 12 B5N2. op. cit.
Hata & Izawa, p. 64. On 15 September the air group was changed to 24 A6M,
18 B5N2 and 9 D3A2. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 65.
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Note 14: This is one Chutai of the fighter Daitai of the 601 Koku Sentai. Of the three
carrier Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the highest level of training. op.
cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 70-76.
Note 15: This is one Chutai of the bomber Daitai of 601 Koku Senati. Of the three
carrier Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the highest level of training.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 70-76.
Note 15: This is one Chutai of the attack Daitai of 601 Koku Senati. Of the three
carrier Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the highest level of training.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 70-76.
Note 16: This is one Chutai of the attack Daitai of 601 Koku Senati. Of the three
carrier Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the highest level of training.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 70-76.
Note 17: This is one Chutai of the fighter Daitai of 653 Koku Sentai. Of the three carrier
Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the lowest level of training. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 83-87.
Note 18: This is one Chutai of the attack Daitai of 653 Koku Sentai. Of the three carrier
Koku Sentai formed in 1944, this unit had the lowest level of training. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 83-87.
Note 19: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 22 below. See
also note 23 below.
Note 20: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 24 below.
Note 21: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 25 below.
Note 22: This is one Chutai of Fighter Hikotai 161 (carrier fighters) plus one Chutai of
Fighter Hikotai (carrier fighter bombers)162. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 72.
Note 23: This “unit” is really two squadrons, one missing in stock and CHS, combined
because of WITP code limitations.
Note 24: This is one Chutai of Attack Hikotai 161 (carrier bombers). ibid.
Note 25: This is one Chutai of Attack Hikotai 162 (carrier attack bombers). ibid.
Note 26: This is one Shotai of Recon Hikotai 61 (carrier recon). ibid. This unit is
missing in stock and CHS. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 72.
Note 28: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 26 above.
Note 29: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 17 above.
Note 30: This unit never formed. It is assumed similar to the case in Note 18 above.
Note 31: Each Daitai has three Chutai or 27 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or
9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv. See Notes 1, 3, 4 and Bloody Shambles, Christopher Shores and Brian Cull with Yasuho Izawa, Vol. 1, p. 53.
Note 32: Each Chutai has two Shotai or eight aircraft. Each Shotai has two Buntai or
four aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 33: Part of the 22nd Koku Sentai Yamada Dokoritzu Hiko Daitai (HQ Squadron).
Note 34: Each Daitai has two Chutai or 18 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or
9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. See Note 31 for sources.
Note 35: This Chutai is combined from “T1/21st Chutai” and “T1/23rd Chutai”. JNAF
transports were usually assigned to HQ squadrons. op. cit. Francillon, p. 502
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Note 36: Each Chutai has four Shotai or twelve aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 37: Each Chutai has two Shotai or six aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 38: Revised from a Daitai of 25 aircraft in CHS to 11 ready aircraft and a TO&E of
16 aircraft. Only a few aircraft had been converted by 12/41. Only a total of 23 land type JNAF transports in service. op. cit. Okumiya and Horikoshi, Pp. 30-35.
Note 39: Each Daitai has four Chutai or 48 aircraft. Each Chutai has four Shotai or
12 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv; op. cit. Okumiya and Horikoshi with Caidin, Pp. 30-35; op. cit. Weal, Weal and Barker, p. 165; op. cit. Francillon, p. 42 and op. cit. Shores & Cull, p. 53.
Note 40: Each Chutai has four Shotai or twelve aircraft. Each Shotai has three
aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv; op. cit. Okumiya and Horikoshi with Caidin, Pp. 30-35; op. cit. Weal, Weal and Barker, p. 165; op. cit. Francillon, p. 42 and op. cit. Shores & Cull, p. 53.
Note 41: Each Chutai has three Shotai or nine aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 42: Hainan Naval Station Shotai. op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 121.
Note 43: One Chutai historically arrived at Truk (wrongly placed at Maleolap in CHS)
when hostilities began. Here one Chutai is represented as a separate unit, arriving at Truk, with zero ready aircraft. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 103-105. This Daitai has three Chutai or 36 aircraft. Each Chutai has four Shotai or 12 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 44: Each Chutai has two Shotai or eight aircraft. Each Shotai has two Buntai or
four aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv. Since 20 aircraft were assigned to these two units, there were 2 spares per Chutai which could have been activated. op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 304-306.
Note 45: Unit wrong assigned to Mizuho and broken into two parts in CHS. op. cit.
Okumiya and Horikoshi with Caidin, Pp. 30-35; op. cit. Francillon. p. 41.
Note 46: Same sources as Note 45 above.
Note 47: DNKKK (Dai Nippon Kkku K.K. = All Japan Air Lines Inc) operating unit for
DC-3 aircraft (= L2D2). op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 499-502.
Note 48: DNKKK (Dai Nippon Kkku K.K. = All Japan Air Lines Inc) operating unit for
H6K2-L flying boats. Kaiyo means “Ocean.” op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 304-306.
Note 49: op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 499-502. This unit is a renamed, relocated and resized
T2 & T3/25th Chutai (which is probably a typo for “23rd Chutai – note there is no
T1/25th Chutai). 20 aircraft purchased so pool = 2. Daitai has two Chutai or 18 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or nine aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv. This unit may only upgrade if the G5N2-L
is put into production.
Note 50: op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 423-425. This unit is a renamed, relocated and resized
T4/25th Chutai. Only 4 aircraft were allocated to this unit in 1942. Pool = 0.
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Note 51: Each Daitai has three Chutai plus one HQ Shotai or 27 aircraft. Each Chutai
has three Shotai or 9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv; Okumiya and Jiro Horikoshi, p. 33.
Note 52: Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945, Hansgeorg Jentschura,
Dieter Jung & Peter Mikel, p. 134.
Note 53: No air group for Akagi Maru. Changed to Hogoku Maru. See Note 52 above
Note 54: No air group for Asaka Maru. Changed to Gogoku Maru. See Note 52 above.
Note 55: No air group for Awata Maru. See reference in Note 52 above.
Note 56: Fictional Unit. See Note 1 above.
Note 57: Unusual organization. May be organized as two Chutai of eight aircraft each.
Note 58: This Daitai has three Chutai or 36 aircraft. Each Chutai has four Shotai or 12
aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 59: Daitai has two Chutai or 24 aircraft. Each Chutai has four Shotai or 12 aircraft.
Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 60: Daitai has three Chutai plus two HQ Shotai or 42 aircraft. Each Chutai has four
Shotai or 12 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 61: This Kokatai is a Daitai organized as in Note 59.
Note 62: This Chotai includes S2 & S3 China Chutai. It is organized as in Note 32.
Note 63: This Daitai has four Chutai or 48 aircraft. Each Chutai has four Shotai or
12 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv
This unit combines S1 & S3 Hakata Daitai.
Note 64: Each Daitai has three Chutai or 27 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or
9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv
Note 65: This Daitai has four Chutai or 36 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or
9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv
Note 66: This Daitai has four Chutai or 51 aircraft plus one HQ Shotai. Each Chutai has
4 Shotai or 12 aircraft. Each Shotai has 3 aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 67: This Kokatai has six Chotai. Each Chutai has four Shotai or 12 aircraft.
Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv
Note 68: Kiyokawa Maru seaplane carrier air groups were missing in CHS. See Note 1
for source and Note 32 for organization.
Note 69: Kimikawa Maru has no F1M2 air unit assigned. See Note 1.
Note 70: Sagara Maru and Sanuki Maru have no E13A1 air unit assigned. See Note 1.
Note 71: Shotai split in CHS and stock but combined here. See Note 1. This unit will
reform with E16A1 IF its parent ship converts to a semi-carrier in a campaign game. It should be upgraded to M6A1 (= float D4Y2) to be strictly historical. It will initially have a size of 13 aircraft, and eventually resize to 11 aircraft due to hard code. The correct size would be 14 for Ise and 8 for Hyuga.
Note 72: Data for Fuso indicates Japanese battleships flew the E8N2 until February 1942
when it was replaced by E13A1. The Battleship Fuso, Janusz Skulski, p. 26.
Note 73: Data for Takao indicates most Japanese heavy cruisers operated two E8N2 until
the “autumn of 1942.” Thereafter they flew two F1M2 and one E13A1. The Heavy Cruiser Takao, Janusz Skulski, p. 22.
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Note 74: Data for Tone and Chikuma indicates they flew four two seat aircraft plus two
three seat aircraft. Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War, Eric Lacroix and Linton Wells II, p. 503.
Note 75: Data for Furutaka and Kako indicate they operated two E7K2. op. cit. Lacroix
and Linton, p. 255. Data for Aoba and Kinugasa is the same on p. 259.
Note 76: Oyodo was modified to operate two E16A1 aircraft, although in the event two
E13A1 were actually carried. op. cit. Lacroix and Linton, p. 628.
Note 77: The Agano class was expected to operate two E16A1 aircraft, although in the
event two E13A1 were actually carried. op. cit. Lacroix and Linton, p. 572.
Note 78: The Oyodo and Agano classes were designed to operate special E15K recon
seaplanes. These aircraft were unsuccessful and were never operated by ships.
Note 79: Four old light cruisers operated rare night reconnaissance seaplanes during the
early war period. Since these aircraft are not available, E13A1s are used instead.
Note 80: Tsugaru is wrongly listed as having a seaplane by CHS. Okinoshima is
wrongly listed as not having a seaplane. For this reason Okinoshima is substituted for Tsugaru. See Note 1.
Note 81: Missing from CHS and stock. This is the flagship of the Sixth Fleet. Note 1.
Note 82: Contingency air group in case this vessel is added.
Note 83: Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Dorr Carpenter and Norman
Polmar, Pp. 111-115.
Note 84: op. cit. Carpenter and Polmar, p. 110.
Note 85: op. cit. Carpenter and Polmar, p. 108.
Note 86: op. cit. Carpenter and Polmar, Pp. 106-107.
Note 87: op. cit. Carpenter and Polmar, Pp. 101-103.
Note 88: op. cit. Carpenter and Polmar, Pp. 98-99.
Note 89: This squadron operated in the ASW role from 1943. op. cit. Francillon,
Pp. 147-149. It is included in case this vessel is added.
Note 90: op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 155-159.
Note 91: op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 121-122.
Note 92: This Daitai has three Chutai or 27 aircraft. Each Chutai has three Shotai or
9 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Note 93: This unit was listed as F4/Toko Daitai with some justice. It became the
fighter element of the 4th Kokatai when that unit formed on 10 February, 1942, transferring to Truk. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 146-147.
Note 94: This unit represents the balance of the Fighter Daitai of the 4th Kokatai. It
Brings the unit listed in Note 93 above to its resized strength. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 146-147. The resultant Daitai probably had two Chutai of 12 aircraft
plus a HQ Shotai of 3 aircraft.
Note 95: op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 146-147.
Note 96: op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 199.
Note 97: Renamed Kokutai 204 on 1 Nov. 1942. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 148-150.
Each Daitai probably had two Chutai of 12 aircraft plus a HQ Shotai of 3 aircraft.
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Note 98: Organization unknown: assumed to duplicate 19th Kokutai. Date of formation
unknown: it is not listed when the war began but it is listed by July 1942. op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, Pp. 30-5, 118.
Note 99: The Daitai of this unit has four Chutai or 48 aircraft. Each Chutai has four
Shotai or 12 aircraft. Each Shotai has three aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. xiv.
Unit TO&E from Hata and Izawa, Pp. 216-218.
Note 100: This unit is known to have operated night fighters but not day fighters. It is
assumed to have two Chutai of night fighters (similar to F2 Daitai/131 Kokutai) and two Chutai of recon aircraft (similar to R1 Daitai/153 Kokutai), all operating variations of the J1N1. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, p. 362.
Note 101: This unit became Reconnaissance Hikotai 102. op. cit. Hata and Izawa,
Pp. 193-195.*
Note 102: This unit was Fighter Hikotai 311. It transferred to 301 Kokutai on 10 July
1944 and 201 Kokutai in Aug 1944. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 193-195 & 111.
This unit was represented by lines 401 and 402 in CHS.
Note 103: This unit was Fighter Hikotai 901. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 193-195.
Note 104: This unit was Fighter Hikotai 301. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, p. 110. It had
been assigned to Kokutai 202. The 202nd was a renamed 3rd, and is not otherwise
listed. Hikotai 301 is listed from the date of a reorganization/reinforcement which defined it. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 129-131. CHS listed this unit as forming only in November, 1943.
Note 105: This unit was the recreated Fighter Hikotai 305. Previously it had been
destroyed as a fighting force at Peleliu in the Marianas. The first Fighter Hikotai
305 had been created in the first Kokutai 201, primarily from the already existing
Chitose Air Group. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 106-112.
Note 106: This unit was Fighter Hikotai 306 and it was assigned to Kokutai 201 on
4 March 1944. It had been in training. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, p. 110.
Note 107: These units became 303 and 304 Fighter Hikotais on 15 April 1944.
Originally they were the Atsugi Kokutai and assigned training duties for carrier pilots. These units were later assigned to Kokutai 201 and 221, respectively. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 209-212.
Note 108: This unit was Fighter Hikotai 812. It was assigned to Kokutai 203 “during the
latter part of October.” op. cit. Hata and Izawa, p. 212.
Note 109: This is Fighter Hikotai 302. It was represented in two parts by lines 431 &
432 in CHS. It is 98% disabled because it has only one pilot! op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 229-230. It was later assigned to Hikotai 252 (II). p. 116.
Note 110: Each listing duplicates half of Fighter Hikotai 302. See note 109 above.
* From this point in time on, Daitai will be designated Hikotai. Prior to this time, every Kokutai had a single Hikotai which might operate mixed types of aircraft. After this time, most Kokutai had multiple Hikotai, which were specialized in a single type of aircraft. More generally, Kokutai grew in size, and might have up to six Hikotai, each of which often had as many as 48 fighters, or 24 other aircraft.
Page 19
Note 111: This is Fighter Hikotai 315. It was represented in two parts by lines 464 &
465 in CHS. It is 98% disabled because it has only one pilot! op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 229-230.
Note 112: This is Fighter Hikotai 302. It was represented in two parts by lines 464 &
465 in CHS. It is 99% disabled because it has no pilots! op. cit. Hata and Izawa,
Pp. 229-230.
Note 113: Ready aircraft based (as always) on aircraft actually available on the date the
unit formed. The recon Daitai is 99% disabled because no aircraft were available on that day. This is a mechanism to slow when the unit becomes fully operational. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 224-226.
Note 114: Date of formation based on date of aircraft availability data (31 Jan vice 15
Jan 1944). These units became 308 and 312 Fighter Hikotai, respectively. Original TO&E is used. After reorganization these units increased to 48 aircraft each. 221 Hikotai nickname “Arashi” = “storm” op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 203-206. Both Daitai of this Kokutai were wrongly listed as night fighter units in CHS/stock.
Note 115: Date of formation based on date of reorganization. These Fighter Hikotai
were missing from CHS and stock. 221 Hikotai nickname “Arashi” = “storm”
op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 203-206.
Note 116: By the time of the formation of this Chutai, the Tainan Kokatai had been
renamed 251 Kokatai. Because units cannot be renamed in this game, the Kokatai name Tainan has been retained. This was the first night fighter unit to be formed using a variation of its recon aircraft. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 132-138.
Note 117: This unit was a small Kokatai assigned to defend Hainan Island and Hong
Kong. It had a single Hikotai with two Chutai of 12 aircraft each. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 175-177.
Note 118: This unit was a small Kokatai assigned to defend Shanghai. It had a single
Kikotai with two Chutai of 12 carrier fighters and one Chutai of 8 carrier attack
Aircraft. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 207-208.
Note 119: 261 Kokutai was nicknamed “Tora” = “tiger”. It was initially authorized
36 aircraft but later increased to 72. For this reason each Daitai is 50%
“damaged” when it appears. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 168-179.
Note 120: 263 Kokuai was nickmaned “Hyo” = “panther”. It was initially authorized
36 aircraft but later increased to 72. For this reason each Daitai is 50%
“damaged” when it appears.op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 178-179.
Note 121: This unit was formed from the 22nd Koku Sentai Yamada Dokoritsu Hiko
Daitai (HQ Squadron). It is not listed again because it is a duplicate unit. It was listed on line 445 as such and on lines 251 and 252 as the fighter elements of the Yamada Detachment. op. cit. Hata and Izawa p. 253.
Note 122: The fighter Daitai of the Genzan Kokutai reformed in April, 1942. On
20 September 1942 the entire Genzan Kokutai was renamed the 252nd Kokutai. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 113-116.
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Note 123: These are the seaplane bomber units for Ise and Hyuga when converted to
semi-carriers. Both ships also carried a D4Y2 Chutai (which we represent as M6A1 = float D4Y2: see page 3 lines 751 & 752). See Note 1.
Note 71: Shotai split in CHS and stock but combined here. See Note 1. This unit will
reform with E16A1 IF its parent ship converts to a semi-carrier in a campaign game. It will initially have a size of 13 aircraft, and eventually resize to 11 aircraft due to hard code. The correct size would be 14 for Ise and 8 for Hyuga.The Ise-1 and Hyuga-1 observation Shotai may continue to operate, and may upgrade to the E16A1. IF ships that operate the D4Y2 are created, these units should have the number of E16A1 reduced to 14 for Ise and 8 for Hyuga OR these units and the Ise-1 and Hyuga-1 observation Shotai should be disabled (set the date to 460331). Date based on when training completed. op. cit. Hata and Izawa, Pp. 77-79. See also The Hybrid Warship, R. D. Layman and Stephen McLaughlin, Pp. 129-134.
Note 124: These are the historical D4Y2 units for Ise and Hyuga when Converted to
semi-carriers. Both ships also carried an E16A1 Chutai, although they were designed to carry ONLY the D4Y2. Note that these ships can launch but not recover D4Y2 aircraft and will NOT work with the ships presently in WITP. For this reason, these units are assigned the M6A1, a float version of the D4Y2! They are date set NOT to appear in the campaign game, but should be used in 1944 and 1945 scenarios. If used in such a scenario, the date of appearance for these units should be set to 440501, based on when training completed. ALSO the date of appearance of M6A1 should be set to 4405. Same sources as Note 123 above.
Note 125: This is the first A6M2-N operational unit. op. cit. Francillon, p. 426. op. cit.
Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 119.
Note 126: Date of formation unknown but after July 1942. See Note 125 for sources.
Note 127: Must have formed by July 1942. op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 119.
Note 128: op. cit. Francillon, p. 306; op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 199.
Note 129: op. cit. Francillon, p. 312; op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 199.
Note 130: op. cit. Francillon, p. 306.
Note 131: op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 120.
Note 132: op. cit. Okumiya & Horikoshi, p. 121. Missing from CHS and stock.
Note 133: Assumed to be the same as her sister ship. Same source as Note 132 above.
Note 134: Fictional equipment assigned to this unit. Replaced with second Chutai of
H8K2s. op. cit. Francillon, p. 280 & 312.
Note 135: op. cit. Francillon, p. 312.
Note 136: Renamed “T2/22nd Chutai” and “T1/24th Chutai” from CHS and stock. JNAF
transports were usually assigned to HQ squadrons. op. cit. Francillon, p. 502.
Note 137: op. cit. Francillon, p. 460. Not listed in CHS or stock.
Note 138: op. cit. Francillon, p. 280. Not listed in CHS or stock. Must have formed after
July 1942 because it is not in the 14 July Navy Air Reorganization Order, op. cit.
Okumiya & Horikoshi, Pp. 118-122.
Note 139: op. cit. Francillon, p. 439. Not listed in CHS or stock.
Note 140: This Kokutai did not have B5N2. op. cit. Francillon, p. 415.
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Note 141: op. cit. Francillon, p. 376.
Note 142: This Kokutai did not have D3A2. op. cit. Francillon, p. 275.
Note 143: op. cit. Francillon, p. 287. Not listed in CHS or stock.
Note 144: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 164-167.
Note 145: This Kokutai did not have N1K1-J. op. cit. Francillon, p. 328.
Note 146: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 213-215.
Note 147: op. cit. Francillon, p. 502.
Note 148: Nickname “Shishi” = “lion”. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 190-192.
Note 149: Nickname “Hayabusa” = “peregrine falcon”. This unit was destroyed and
reformed, but the units were duplicates from other air groups, so the second formation is ignored here. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 196-197.
Note 150: This was a duplicate of the Iwakuni Kokutai, which was renamed on 1 Aug
1944. Only the recon element is used here. op. cit. Hata & Izwaw, Pp. 219-221.
Note 151: This is the second formation of the same unit. Nickname “Tsurugi” = “lance”.
It included 301 Fighter Hikotai (listed under 201st Kokutai) and 407 Fighter Hikotai (listed under 221st Kokutai) as well as the 701 Fighter Hikotai and the 4th Recon Hikotai listed here. Later the 401 & 402 Fighter Hikotai were added (of 341st Kokutai). It was led by Capt. Minoru Genda, formerly the leader of the “flying circus” air demonstration team and the planner of the Pearl Harbor attack. The 701’s nickname was “Tenchugumi” = “heavenly punishment”. While 301 was the first unit to get the N1K2-J, the 701 is selected here to insure at least one unit with the “improved” (-kai) aircraft. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 198-202.
Note 152: This Kokutai was not equipped with the J1N1-S. op. cit. Francillon, p. 421.
Note 153: This unit placed under IJA command! op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 222-223.
Note 154: This unit also included 311 Fighter Hikotai, but it was created from 202
Kokutai. The night fighter unit includes N2 op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 182-184.
Note 155: op. cit. Francillon, p. 356.
Note 156: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 173-174.
Note 157: op. cit. Francillon, p. 361.
Note 158: op. cit. Francillon, p. 460; op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 131.
Note 159: The unit was misnamed 521st in CHS and stock. op. cit. Francillon, p. 467.
Note 160: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 168.
Note 161: op. cit. Francillon, p. 275.
Note 162: op. cit. Francillon, p. 429.
Note 163: Not listed in CHS or stock. This unit also included the 308 Fighter Hikotai (of
221 Kokutai) and 402 Fighter Hikotai (of 341 Kokutai). Unusually, the 1 “Attack” (Bomber) Hikosentai and 3 “Attack” (Bomber) Hikosentai duplicate Hikosentai numbers! They also REVERSE the usage of “bomber” and “attack” otherwise JNAAF practice! op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 73-76.
Note 164: These are carrier squadrons duplicating those of Chitose, Chiyoda and Zuiho.
op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 83-87.
Note 165: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 74.
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Note 166: Nickname “Jinrai” = “heavenly thunder”. This unit also included 305 and 306
Fighter Hikotai (of 201 Kokutai). This was the unit which introduced use of Okha suicide missile bombing. op. cit. Hata & Izawa, Pp. 226-228.
Note 167: op. cit. Francillon, p. 280.
Note 168: Misnamed 901st vice 801st in CHS and stock. op. cit. Francillon, Pp. 306&312.
Note 169: This unit did not operate the H8K2. op. cit. Francillon, p. 312.
Note 170: This unit did not operate the E13A1. op. cit. Francillon, p. 280.
Note 171: This unit did not operate the A6M2-N. op. cit. Francillon, p. 428.
Note 172: op. cit. Hata & Izawa, p. 228.
Note 173: This unit did not operate the G4M1. op. cit. Francillon, p. 385.
Note 174: op. cit. Francillon, p. 385.
Note 175: op. cit. Francillon, p. 415.
Note 176: op. cit. Francillon, p. 467.
Note 177: This unit did not operate the P1Y1. op. cit. Francillon, p. 467.
Unit Line: Old New TO&E Ready Dam Type Notes
Duplicated or False Air Units:
B1/151st Daitai 400 na 0 0 0 D3A2 Note 142
SA1/205th Daitai 462 na 0 0 0 A6M5 Nts 59 & 110
SA2/205th Daitai 463 na 0 0 0 A6M5 Nts 59 & 110
F1/265th Hikotai 392 na 0 0 0 A6M5 Note 141
N1&N2/321st Daitai 389&90 na 0 0 0 N1K1-J Note 145
A2/331st Chutai 377 na 0 0 0 B5N2 Note 140
N3/332nd Chutai 440 na 0 0 0 J1N1-S Note 152
FB2/381st Hikotai 391 382 0 0 0 A6M5 Note 154
FF1&2/452nd Chutai 476 na 0 0 0 N1K1-J Note 145
F1&F2/653rd Daitai 470&472 na 0 0 0 A6M5 Note 164
A1/653rd Daitai 471 na 0 0 0 B6N2 Note 164
B2/653rd Daitai 473 na 0 0 0 B6N2 Note 164
F4&F5/721st Daitai 460&461 na 0 0 0 A6M5 Note 166
FF1/802nd Daitai 478 na 0 0 0 A6M2-N Note 171
G1/732nd Daitai 393 na 0 0 0 G4M1 Note 173
G1/765th Daitai 431 na 0 0 0 P1Y1 Note 177
P2/951st Chutai 455 na 0 0 0 H6K4 Note 169
S3/951st Chutai 456 na 0 0 0 E13A1 Note 170
Reserved Slots:
312 Me-163 Kokutai na 435 48 48 0 J8M1 None
Chuyo Ftr Chutai na 745 12 12 0 A6M3 None
Chuyo Bmr Chutai na 746 14 14 0 D3A2 None
Akitsu M Ftr Chutai na 748 12 12 0 Ki-43III None
Nigitsu M. Asw Chutai na 749 7 7 0 Ki-76 None
Nigitsu M Ftr Chutai na 748 12 12 0 Ki-43III None
RE: Seaplane Carrier Air Units
Posted: Mon Dec 26, 2005 11:33 am
by el cid again
1) Kokatai is different from Kokutai, or it's only misspeling?
Kokutai is the right spelling - and Kokatai or Kokatui are wrong spellings!
Here it is in plain Japanese:
Buntai = Pair - used for specialist formations early but not for fighters and bombers until 1944.
Shotai = Trio - used for most combat formations and some others until 1944 when fighters converted to the Schwarm. At that point a Shotai becomes Four = 2 Buntai.
Chotai = Basic Squadron - often seen in Japanese as "unit" - because Japanese squadrons often are "compound" squadrons - with several units.
This is usually 8, 9 or 12, but can be 14 or 16 - and after 1944 it IS 16 for carrier fighters.
Daitai = Compound Squadron - often 2, more often 3, sometimes 4 to 6
Chotai - this usually is 16 to 48 aircraft - and rarely 12.
Kokutai = Group. This is really hard to explain! It means EITHER:
1) A small independent unit of at least six aircraft;
2) A large group of mixed types of aircraft, usually of Daitai size, but sometimes also including Chotai or even Shotai!
3) A medium or large group of homogenious aircraft - this became almost the rule after late 1942 - but NOTHING Japanese is EVER simple - so it is not quite a rule even then!
Koku Senati = Air Flotilla = Wing. This is usually several Kokutai, and can be medium or large in size. It can have a DHD - a HQ Squadron - and that is usually transports - but it can be fighters (see 22nd Air Flotilla - which has BOTH kinds of DHD - transport and fighter).
Koku Kantai = Air Fleet = Air Division or Air Corps. Confusing because many Japanese translate Kokutai as "Air Corps"! This is two or more Koku Sentais.
Now this is the SIMPLIFIED explanation! Japanese naval air organization has somewhat different operational and administrative terms, and some do not translate. If that is not bad enough, this organization changes during the war. It is very sophisticated, and has some good concepts. If JNAF airmen meet, they know who is in charge, and how to organize for whatever mission. All aircraft have an overall boss - he rides in a bomber or recon plane - he goes in first and leaves last. All aircraft by type also have a boss - that is all fighters, dive bombers, torpedo bombers, or whatever. And there is a NAME for each of those formations, and corresponding bosses! They also tend to form trans-unit units - that is - all the carrier or land elements in one strike (or whatever) will form a unit in its own right - with a name - naturally. And even the use of a trio for fighters is not similar to our use of it - the Japanese trio is loose and functions almost as a schwarm does. Bombers also might modify their formation - Kates used elements of 5 for Pearl Harbor to achieve about a 90% chance of a hit per element - when assigned to drop bombs (just one bomb per plane - they were 16 inch shells from Nagato!).
So the above is JNAF organization 101, not the whole thing!
