Type 93 Torpedo

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mdiehl
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by mdiehl »

I guess I have a world view that allows a more "multi-determined" view of the causes of some events. Ship sinkings is one of them.

I don't think that is accurate. If you were looking to multicausal sinkings you would not say a ship was sunk by its own torpedoes because a fire started by enemy action detonated the torpedoes. Nor would you say that your worldview is more encompassing than mine because, as I have already noted, but shall repeat since it seems to have been overlooked (emphasis added): "All of these were contributing factors to the demise of the aforementioned ships, but the plain fact is that NONE of them would have been sunk without substantial damage inflicted by the enemy."

The Mikuma was no more "sunk by her own torpedoes" than the Arizona was "sunk by her own guns." War ships and ships hauling war cargo are full of things what can catch fire and explode when the enemy drops fiery exploding things on them. It is the general historical practice to attribute such sinkings to enemy action. Thus, when an AV is hit by a kamikaze and its avgas fuel systems explode, sinking the ship, it is not said that the AV was sunk by its own aircraft or things of that nature.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by HansBolter »

I understand where jwilkerson is coming from and tend to agree with his perspective.

Your arguments ignore the distinction between a "contributing factor" and a "direct cause", his arguments make that distinction.

A damaged rudder may become a contributing factor when I ship stuck circling becomes a sitting duck for a submarine attack, but exploding torpedoes sinking the ship is a direct cause.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by jwilkerson »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl
I guess I have a world view that allows a more "multi-determined" view of the causes of some events. Ship sinkings is one of them.

I don't think that is accurate. If you were looking to multicausal sinkings you would not say a ship was sunk by its own torpedoes because a fire started by enemy action detonated the torpedoes. Nor would you say that your worldview is more encompassing than mine because, as I have already noted, but shall repeat since it seems to have been overlooked (emphasis added): "All of these were contributing factors to the demise of the aforementioned ships, but the plain fact is that NONE of them would have been sunk without substantial damage inflicted by the enemy."

The Mikuma was no more "sunk by her own torpedoes" than the Arizona was "sunk by her own guns." War ships and ships hauling war cargo are full of things what can catch fire and explode when the enemy drops fiery exploding things on them. It is the general historical practice to attribute such sinkings to enemy action. Thus, when an AV is hit by a kamikaze and its avgas fuel systems explode, sinking the ship, it is not said that the AV was sunk by its own aircraft or things of that nature.

Perhaps we're getting hung up on the term "sunk by".

But note that Suzuya was not "hit" by enemy weapons - the torpedo explosions were caused by "near miss".

As I mentioned over on the BB thread ... cases like Bismarck and Yorktown both were "multi-determined". Some folks argued that Bismarck was "sunk" by surface action. Yet, the surface action would not have happened had the swordfish attack not broken the steering. And then there are those who say Bismarck was sunk by opening her scuttling valves, but we doubt those would have been opened had it not been for the total destruction causes by the surface action, etc. In this case, I would say it is non valued added to try to find one single cause which resulted in the sinking of the ship. The ship was sunk by a combination of air attack and surface attack.

Others might say Yorktown was sunk by Submarine torpedos. But the sub and the carrier probably would not have met at the point they did had the carrier not already been heavily damaged by air attack. So again, saying one platform sank the ship, with out reference to the other would be mis-leading at least.

Hence the "multi-determined" view of sinkings such as these.

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Nikademus
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by Nikademus »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl
The contexts are well known to anyone who'se read about the battles. What more information do you think you must have that you currently don't have?

The complete contexts are not included in the article.
ORIGINAL: Moi

You were asked....quite simply to quote where I stated, per you, that I flat out rejected the analysis.
ORIGINAL: Moi part du

the real irony in the days since has been how this study-post (preserved as an "article" for the warships1 board) has been taken out of context over the years and/or taken as gospel.
Hmm.....don't see anywhere where i stated I was rejecting it....and it has been taken out of context many times in the past and there have been posters who did at times try to paint it as unarguable from the viewpoint of their agendas [hence "gospel"]. Kind of like what you've been attempting to do for 1.5 pages now. Pointing out such tendancies does not constitute a complete rejection of the article. Otherwise i wouldn't have said "it can be viewed as supportive of the arguments already made in Peattie/Evans in regards to the DB and that I have no problem with it." Thx for proving my point on that score.

Dwelling on a straw man argument about the absence of complete data and the other straw man argument about the absence of an "actual battle" strikes me as a dismissal of the analysis.

Absence of complete data is hardly a straw man, and I'm not interested in the convoluted workings of your inner mind....I'm only interested in facts.....and the only fact present is that I did not write, as accused by you, that I was rejecting the article. Thx for helping me clear up Fabrication #1.

You've clearly stated that you don't think the real world battles represent operational realities as they might be encountered in, well, the real world. QED.

Fabrication #2


1. The data are thorough and very representative of typical circumstances in which battles of the kind in the Decisive Battle doctrine were fought.

I don't agree with that generalization. Joe included some battles which I and others [at the time of the posting of the original article on warships1] felt were not very representative of the conditions. The data that is present in Joe's article ultimately isn't under question however. How that data was interpreted and presented however was and can be called into question as can the missing elements of data. Certain aspects of some of the represented battles would have bore resemblences to the overall conditions expected in the DB. Their sum however does not, IMO, equate to a true and full representation of that battle and it's conditions. Some of the battles represented bore little context to the Japanese plan as laid out in "Kaigun."

One can add more data but they do not seem to improve Japanese successes.

I don't recall saying that the chances of Japanese success in the DB were high to begin with.

2. All of the battles included by Czarnecki were battles in which the conditions represented conditions that one could expect under the decisive battle doctrine.

All? Hardly.

The suggestion to the contrary makes no sense at all, since the DB doctrine envisioned a campaign consisting of a serious of attritioning battles in which presumed USN numerical superioirty would be whittled down to parity or inferiority prior to one last great decisive battle. The battles included by Czarnecki do a very good job representing what that serious of attritioning battles might look like, and they conclusively demonstrate that Japan was not going to get the desired attrition rate prior to that last great battle.

It makes alot of sense if one has read Kaigun.

The Japanese plan, as described in Kaigun was a different animal in many substantial ways, most notably in size and composition of the forces involved. As for Japan getting the desired attritional rate, it was considered unlikely they'd get it primarily due to the over-complexity of the Japanese plan coupled with the reliance on American aquiencence to Japanese predictions. In the end however one cannot rule out completely that they might have acheived an adequate hit rate. Some of the small scale battles documented show that they did indeed achieve the desired % rate the planners wanted.

You *seem to* be relying on a tautology here -- dismissing the relevance of these historical engagements because they're not outcomes favorable to the Japanese as required in the decisive battle doctrine.

If i'm guilty of any repetition, its only because i have to continually restate my points in the face of your continued attempts to misquote me. For example Fabrication #3 now involves me dismissing [in whole] the relevence of these historical engagements because they are not favorable to the Japanese. Wrong again. I have questioned the relevence of some of them and as i look at the data I can see some battles that actually support a more favorable outcome for the Japanese. (though ultimately their chances are still very unlikely primarily due to their plan's complexity) My final conclusion...stated again for what....the third time now is that Joe's article can be viewed as supportive of what Evans/Peattie had already concluded...that the DB scenario envisioned by the Japanese was overly optimistic and unlikely to occur as they envisioned it. As for the "conclusively demonstrates"...thats a matter of opinion as was demonstrated by the many discussions the article generated on Warships1 back in the early 2000's. You however *seem to* be guilty of trying to disquise your own repetition with the use of fancy english terms.
Finally, if you did not mean to reject the analysis as germane to proof testing WitP or UV, why would you accuse Big B of taking it "out of context" or as "gospel?"

Because I didn't accuse "Big B" of anything. Fabrication# 4
Clearly, the existence of Czarnecki's analysis violates some sort of gospel to which you are clinging.

Fabrication #5.....and the questioning of and discussing of any analysis and the interpretations derived from it are an integral part of any intelligent discourse.
No one other than yourself imagined that he attempted to apply those data to WitP or UV.

I didn't. You did however. Thx for proving my other point on how the article has been and continues to be taken out of context in regards to matters other than for which it was intended to address....that being the DB.

Assumes facts that are in fact not correct. I have played UV and rather extensively. Moreover, there are more than enough AARs available from WitP to make a conclusion. But you already knew both, and that makes you at best a kind of cartoon distortionist playing at discourse.

Yes, you've made that claim before....and it wasn't any more convincing the last time you stated it either. AAR readings do not subsitute for actual playing experience. BTW thx for yet another personal swipe. Didn't see that one coming. [8|]
1. The DB doctrine did not require specific statement of torpedo settings vis speed, depth, torpedo spread, or any of these things. Therefore, their exclusion from Joe's analysis does not obviate the applicability of his analysis to an examination of the likely outcome of the DB.

Joe himself felt it was required....otherwise he wouldn't have mentioned it in the article (as well as in the many discussions generated by his article.)

2. For it to obviate applicability to the evaluation of the DB doctrine on account of some imagined scenario in which substantially different settings would be use, one would have to presume that the torpedo speed, depth and spread settings in all of these battles consistently deviated from Japanese doctrine and training. There is no evidence to warrant such presumption.

That is a gross mis-assumption.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by mdiehl »

@jwilkerson -

Yes I agree that multi-causlity is important. Nonetheless, "sunk by her own torpedoes" is a radical departure from the way that history treats other explosions of "things carried" consequent to damage inflicted by the enemy. That is why I included USS Arizona specifically. Would you consider her "sunk by her own guns?" I see no logical difference between a torpedo ordnance explosion caused by American gunfire and gunnery ordinance explosion caused by a penetrating Japanese shell modified for delivery by aircraft.

@Nik
The complete contexts are not included in the article.

The "complete" contexts aren't included in ANY study. The only way you get complete contexs is to step onto a time machine and go back into the battle. Nevertheless, the statistics do a good job representing the range and expectable central tendencies of battles that could be fought by the IJN during WW2.

Maybe you and I are simply arguing different points. Leaving aside your immediate attempt to discredit any use of Czarnecki's study (your immediate suggestion that use of said study represents some sort of gospel or is inappropriate outside of some unspecified context -- both of which are simply pejorative expressions rather than adequate rebuttals), you seem pretty consistent about discussing the "Decisive Battle Doctrine." I do not agree that you have any privileged or better knowledge of that doctrine than I. Also I do not agree that the actual results of real world use of this weapon system can be laden with sufficient negative baggage to discredit them for evaluating whether or not they could have been decisive in the proposed decisive battle doctrine. The data show that in a series of attritioning battles prior to the one big battle, the torps did not consistently produce the results needed to achieve a sufficient attrition rate. To imagine some set of circumstances in which they could requires in essence for every Japanese battle to be a lopsided win on par with Savo and Tassafaronga -- neither of which were typical of IJN-USN encounters at any time during the war, and both of which played out well for the Japanese on account of some very specific (and in those cases, very different) circumstances that one cannot expect to repeatedly occur.

As to the rest, I have fabricated nothing, you have as usual deployed ad hominem stuff to immediately set yourself up as some sort of privileged arbiter of the knowledge, and neither of these tactics (which you regularly deploy against all) make you seem credible. If your ego has been bruised by my rebuttal, my advice is to not initiate retaliation by deploying (as you always do from the outset) snarky sound-byte put-downs.

My use of Czarnecki's compilation of data to assess Type 93a hit rates and conditions that produce them seems warranted. You seem to object on the grounds that these data are "incomplete." I regard them as a representative sample. But supposing I am wrong, I invite you once again to specifically state which additional battles you think ought to be included if one wants to describe the empirical success rates of Japanese surface ship torps in WW2? If you feel that the data offered in Czarnecki's study are not representative then you have a burden to describe the additional data that matter and demonstrate that they substantially alter the descriptive stats (mean, mode, median) of the aggregate. If you cannot or will not stipulate which additional battles ought to be included and describe how they alter the relevant histograms, then you do not have an opinion that you can substantiate with facts, and therefore your opinion does not matter.
Show me a fellow who rejects statistical analysis a priori and I'll show you a fellow who has no knowledge of statistics.

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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by Nikademus »

The "complete" contexts aren't included in ANY study. The only way you get complete contexs is to step onto a time machine and go back into the battle. Nevertheless, the statistics do a good job representing the range and expectable central tendencies of battles that could be fought by the IJN during WW2


It depends on the study. In this case though, as I said from the beginning, that is not so here. Therefore it is not complete and comprehensive.
Maybe you and I are simply arguing different points.

Yes.....i've been talking about the article while you've been busy trying to discredit me.


Leaving aside your immediate attempt to discredit any use of Czarnecki's study (your immediate suggestion that use of said study represents some sort of gospel or is inappropriate outside of some unspecified context -- both of which are simply pejorative expressions rather than adequate rebuttals)

Discussing the pros and cons of an article is hardly an attempt to discredit it or it's use....and I never said that simply using or citing the study itself represents presenting it as gospel. Such an action requires deliberate intent .....as demonstrated by yourself.
You seem pretty consistent about discussing the "Decisive Battle Doctrine." I do not agree that you have any privileged or better knowledge of that doctrine than I.

Yes, I am consistant in discussing the actual subject of a thread, and the purchase and use of acredited book source is not a privilege....its a choice.

The data show that in a series of attritioning battles prior to the one big battle, the torps did not consistently produce the results needed to achieve a sufficient attrition rate.

you mean Joe suggested per his interpretation of the data he compiled that the Japanese did not produce an average hit% high enough to produce the results desired in the DB, based on his assumptions on what conditions constituted sufficient similarity to conditions for the hypthetical decisive battle. In places however my interpretation of the data shows that they acheived or exceeded the desired hit%. The conditions and assumptions made in regards to similarities to the DB and some of the listed battles are questionable in places as are the inclusion of some of the skirmishes included.

To imagine some set of circumstances in which they could requires in essence for every Japanese battle to be a lopsided win on par with Savo and Tassafaronga

That is incorrect.

As to the rest, I have fabricated nothing,

You prior five attempts at fabrication belie your statement.

you have as usual deployed ad hominem stuff to immediately set yourself up as some sort of privileged arbiter of the knowledge, and neither of these tactics (which you regularly deploy against all) make you seem credible.

I have deployed truth that exposes your attempts to misquote me.

My use of Czarnecki's compilation of data to assess Type 93a hit rates and conditions that produce them seems warranted. You seem to object on the grounds that these data are "incomplete."

Inaccurate generalization. I objected to your claim of incontestable comphrensiveness and completeness where such things do not exist, as admitted by the author himself.

But supposing I am wrong, I invite you once again to specifically state which additional battles you think ought to be included if one wants to describe the empirical success rates of Japanese surface ship torps in WW2?


I don't recall suggesting that additional battles needed to be included.

If you cannot or will not stipulate which additional battles ought to be included and describe how they alter the relevant histograms, then you do not have an opinion that you can substantiate with facts, and therefore your opinion does not matter.

My opinions are been based on my interpretations of the data contained in the article as well as knowledge gleaned from primary source material. Your demand that I now produce "additional" battles as a condition of my opinion mattering or not is a straw man.......not to mention that ultimately, I could give a rats ass on whether you think my opinion matters or not.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by mdiehl »

In places however my interpretation of the data shows that they acheived or exceeded the desired hit%

That's no difficult conclusion since Czarnecki said the same thing and I agree with his opinion. The thing is, the battles in which the Japanese realized very good hit rates are atypical of the statistical central tendencies of battles on the list, and the two best outcomes for the Japanese (Savo and Tassafaronga) happened under conditions that were atypical of USN-IJN engagements throughout the war. So, with respect to the question "How, empirically, did Japanese surface torpedoes fare in combat during WW2," cherry picking a few "best outcomes" for the Japanese is inappropriate. (It would also seem to bely your claim that the data covered by Czarnecki are insufficient. Your claim against Czarnecki's analysis seems rather to be that he was too inclusive.)

With respect to the statement: "The Type 93a torp could have brought about a suite of engagements consistent with the needs described in the Japanese Decisive Battle Doctrine if every one of the attritional engagements prior to the Decisive Battle replicated Tassafaronga or Savo" I suppose that is true. But is that any sort of realistic or expectable outcome? No. It's a bit like saying "If the Japanese could have surprised an American battle fleet in port every month through the duration of the war they'd have won." One supposes so, but who really imagines an assumption like that, or that all or even a large number of USN-IJN surface engagements would replicate Savo or Tassafaronga? Such assumptions are fantasies.
Your demand that I now produce "additional" battles as a condition of my opinion mattering or not is a straw man....

I don't see how a person who knows what a straw man argument is can say that I made a straw man argument. You claimed that the battles covered by Czarnecki's overview represent an incomplete data set and you implied that suite of data are inadequate to represent the central tendencies of Type 93 use in WW2.

If anyone is to believe that your claim has any merit, there is a burden on you to support your claim. You don't have to tabulate the torpedo data, just specify which of the allegedly "missing" battles you feel ought to be included. As Carl Sagan noted in his "Baloney Detector Kit," "Any claim offered without evidence may be rejected without evidence." At this point in time, the data offered in Czarnecki's analysis offer a very good sample of the totality. All of the significant battles are there. So we have a condition in which there are empirical data drawn from a suite of well known sources on which conclusions may be made.

You have claimed (see, for example, ** below) that the conclusions are flawed, but you have not and apparently will not support your claim with any facts. Therefore any third party, such as any WitP or other game designer reading our exchange here, would conclude that that the preponderance of evidence supports my position. Certainly, under Carl Sagan's rules of engagement, your claims can be trivially dismissed.
...not to mention that ultimately, I could give a rats ass on whether you think my opinion matters or not.

Suuuure.

** Semantically I can't figure out what else to make of statements like this one:
I objected to your claim of incontestable comphrensiveness and completeness where such things do not exist, as admitted by the author himself.

For example, if Czarnecki's tabulated data are insufficiently comprehensive to demonstrate the claims made about likely outcomes (hit rates &c) of torpedo usage, then it follows that you feel that data not included (which is expliticly entrained by your claim that the data are NOT incontestably comprehensive) would alter the statistical central tendencies of Type 93 torp use from the histogram one would get using Czarnecki's table.

The only other way to read that is that you feel any exercise in statistically describing Japanese surface torpedo use is immaterial because you don't have perfect knowledge, and therefore the whole exercise is futile. It's a convenient tautology, because it obviates any attempt to empirically evaluate pretty much any claim made about WW2 (which, in turn, would leave lots of grazing space for sacred cows).
Show me a fellow who rejects statistical analysis a priori and I'll show you a fellow who has no knowledge of statistics.

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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by HansBolter »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl

...not to mention that ultimately, I could give a rats ass on whether you think my opinion matters or not.

Suuuure.

** Semantically I can't figure out what else to make of statements like this one:



** Semantically, one might question your apparent need to make anything else of it.....
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by mdiehl »

It either means he's rejected the utility of the data (as it seems to me) or it means nothing at all. The need is to know which one.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by HansBolter »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl

It either means he's rejected the utility of the data (as it seems to me) or it means nothing at all. The need is to know which one.

Sorry to intrude.....I was endeavoring to add a bit of levity in the hope of derailing the spat.

I see now it was futile.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by Nikademus »

So, with respect to the question "How, empirically, did Japanese surface torpedoes fare in combat during WW2," cherry picking a few "best outcomes" for the Japanese is inappropriate. (It would also seem to bely your claim that the data covered by Czarnecki are insufficient. Your claim against Czarnecki's analysis seems rather to be that he was too inclusive.)"

For the sake of ongoing relevence on an already bloated thread, I'd say the above illustrates an ongoing problem perfectly, one that has been present in much of what you posted to me in this thread. (those posts that talk about the thread topic at least)

I have only ever brought up two issues relating to Joe's article.

The first related to the approach Joe used to answer the question posed in his article. The question Joe asked was "Did the Japanese achieve his stated requirement of a 15% hit rate, necessary to theoretically execute successfully their pre-war strategic conception of a Decisive Battle, had they fought the war in such fashion?". My issue was whether Joe's historical data was sufficient in detail and appropriate in selection to definitively answer a question relating to a particular aspect of a theoretical battle.

The second related to how the article has, in my opinion, at times in the past been used as if its conclusion was meant to be applied more widely than the context laid out in the study. Joe's conclusion was "Even the world’s best surface torpedomen were not good enough to bring the Decisive Battle to fruition for the IJN. All they could do was make it costly, and die fighting." The context of his conclusion would appear to be relating only to the predicted Japanese torpedomen performance in a theoretical battle, and that battle alone, hence my issue.

However, if one uses your statement that I quoted at the start as an example, it appears that you are arguing me on some seperate issue you imagine I have about Joe's data being used to assess the WWII performance of the Japanese surface torpedo. I never raised that issue and I wasn't arguing it. I've tried several times previously to mention this but since you didn't seem to notice, I thought it might be worth making it so clear there would be no further misunderstandings or misinterpretations. If you object to the issues I actually mentioned having with Joe's article, go ahead and argue against them but if not, save your keystrokes.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by Big B »

Gee, I posted the study and never came back - I had no idea of all the ensuing discussion.

I see now what Joe was asking, not only what the Type 93 achived in battle - but also what about the damage they casued to Japanese shipping.
That is an interesting point if I read into it correctly "what are the chances that LL torps will; a) be destructive to the vessel carrying them; and b) hit a friendly ship when fired."

Good questions, and questions not covered in the above study. I don't know if that question can be comprehensively answered, because I don't know if complete Japanese dockyard records exist of all battle damage ever suffered by the IJN in WWII - I would tend to think not...but that is only speculation, not knowledge.
As for hitting friendly vessels - I know that happened at Balikpapan in Jan '42 (three marus if I remember correctly) - beyond that I don't know off the top of my head.

EDIT: I also noticed that the Japanese most successful use of Type 93 torpedoes (the text book stand off and torpedo ambush role)occurred with Tassaforanga (Nov 42)and Second Kula Gulf and Kolombangara (both Jul '43), essentially after a year's worth of actual combat experience. The torpedo performance both before and after these battles (nor in between as well) were not up to the results achieved in these three most effective encounters.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by mdiehl »

As for hitting friendly vessels - I know that happened at Balikpapan in Jan '42 (three marus if I remember correctly) - beyond that I don't know off the top of my head.

A friendly correction: The IJ Type 93a friendly fire incident of e.1942 to which you refer was the Battle of Sunda Strait, not the Battle of Balikpapan. The latter occurred in January 1942 and featured a DDdiv of USN four-stackers executing a night torpedo doctrine surprise attack on a Japanese AP/AK and PG convoy, whilst the local IJN battle force charged about blindly looking for submarines and failed to observe the USN DDs. Sunda Strait was in February 1942 and saw the loss of Perth and Houston, and several IJN APs sunk from Type 93as that missed their targets and ran on into a Japanese convoy.
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RE: Type 93 Torpedo

Post by Big B »

You are right, I thought that it was Balikpapan. I had forgotten about Sundra Strait.[;)]
ORIGINAL: mdiehl
As for hitting friendly vessels - I know that happened at Balikpapan in Jan '42 (three marus if I remember correctly) - beyond that I don't know off the top of my head.

A friendly correction: The IJ Type 93a friendly fire incident of e.1942 to which you refer was the Battle of Sunda Strait, not the Battle of Balikpapan. The latter occurred in January 1942 and featured a DDdiv of USN four-stackers executing a night torpedo doctrine surprise attack on a Japanese AP/AK and PG convoy, whilst the local IJN battle force charged about blindly looking for submarines and failed to observe the USN DDs. Sunda Strait was in February 1942 and saw the loss of Perth and Houston, and several IJN APs sunk from Type 93as that missed their targets and ran on into a Japanese convoy.
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