Review and Editing of Unit Descriptions

[CV60]

DRAFT TOMBSTONE [30N6] radar description for comment/corrections



OVERVIEW: The TOMBSTONE [30N6] radar is a medium range, mobile, 3D, phased array, target illumination and guidance radar with an ABM capability operating in I/J-Band (NATO).

DETAILS: The TOMBSTONE radar is a derivative FLAP LID family of radars. It is capable of detecting aircraft and cruise missile type targets at a range of up to 300 km and ballistic missiles with launching ranges of up to 1,000 km using the sector scan facility. It can track up to 100 tracks automatically, while engaging up to 6 targets simultaneously using up to 2 missiles per target. Data obtained are relayed to the command post for processing and assessment, and the radar can be linked into an IADS system.

The radar is used for target detection and tracking in normal, clutter and severe ECM environments. The 30N6 phased array is more difficult to detect and track by an aircraft's warning receiver when not directly painted by the radar, and much more difficult to jam. While it may have detectable backlobes, these are likely to be hard to detect from the forward sector of the radar. As most anti-radiation missiles rely on sidelobes to home in, the choice of engagement geometry is critical in attempting to kill a Flap Lid.

It is associated with the SA-10B Grumble (S-300) theatre defense missile systems. Within the SA-10 system, Flap Lid is used in conjunction with the Big Bird surveillance and Clam Shell target identification/location radars.



Specifications:

Frequency: 8-20 GHz ( I/J-Band)
Power output: unknown
PRF: unknown
Range Resolution: unknown
Target speed: 30-2800 m/s
Max Range 162 nm; 49 nm (missile guidance range)
Set up time: 5 minutes


NOTES: IOC 1993. The Flap Lid family of radars are Russian equivalents to the US MPQ-53 Patriot engagement radar. The 30N6E2 may deployed on the 40V6M mobile tower.


SOURCES: Jane's Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems 2002-03, "30N6E/30N6E1 tracking radar" (09 November 2001); "30N6E “Flap Lid” - Radartutorial." Grundlagen Der Radartechnik. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/ ... 05.en.html. ; Kopp, Dr C. "Almaz-Antey 40R6 / S-400 Triumf / SA-21 SAM System " Air Power Australia. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html. ; Worldwide Equipment Guide. "30N6E2 (Tombstone) Russian 3-D Long-Range Surveillance Radar." US Army TRADOC. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/ ... 252e536973.

[CV60]

DRAFT J-20A Description (revision) for Community editing/comment

OVERVIEW: The Chengdu J-20A aka Mighty Dragon is a stealthy, all-weather, twin engine, long range, fifth-generation air superiority fighter with precision strike capability.

DETAILS: There is some disagreement as to the primary mission of the J-20. Western analysts describe the J-20 as a low-observable (LO) interceptor intended to erode U.S. power projection capabilities. These analysts believe the J-20 operates within an anti-access/aerial denial (A2/AD) framework, targeting tankers and cC4ISR aircraft. In contrast, Chinese sources describe the J-20 as an air-superiority fighter meant to engage other fighters. However, the Chinese sources also note that the J-20 is intended to be used as part of a "system of systems" approach to air superiority, giving credence to the western analysis of the aircraft's mission. The J-20's large size likely gives it a large payload and endurance without needing to conduct aerial refueling, further supporting the western evaluation of its role.

The J-20 uses a delta-wing design. It has a long and blended fuselage, with a chiseled nose section and a frameless canopy. Immediately behind the cockpit are low-observable diverterless supersonic inlet (DSI) intakes to control airflow into the engines. All-moving canard surfaces with pronounced dihedral are placed behind the intakes, followed by leading edge extensions (LERX) merging into the delta wing with forward-swept trailing edges.

The J-20 is designed to be highly maneuverable. To achieve the necessary sustained pitch authority at a high AoA, the J-20 uses canards, which also provide good supersonic performance, excellent supersonic and transonic turn performance, and improved short-field landing performance compared to conventional delta wing designs. The combination of Leading-edge extensions generates 1.2 times the lift of an ordinary canard delta, and 1.8 times more lift than a pure delta configuration. This allows for a smaller wing which reduces supersonic drag yet maintaining the high lift-to-drag characteristics crucial to the aircraft's turn performance. PRC sources claim the J-20 has comparable maneuverability to the J-10.

The J-20 is estimated to be more stealthy than the Russian Su-57, but inferior to the F-35. The J-20 nose and main undercarriage, and cheek weapon bay doors, all employ C-band through Ku-band reducing optimized serrated edge design, similar to F-117A / F-22. However, the aft fuselage, tail booms, fins/strakes and axi-symmetric nozzles are not compatible with good stealth performance and the moving slab stabilators and canards will impact RCS at deflection angles away from the neutral position.

The J-20A is powered by Russian-made AL-31FM2 engines, producing 31970 pounds of thrust each.


Specifications

Max Speed: Mach 2.0
Max Range: 1,100 nm (combat radius)
Max Payload: ??
G-limit ??
Crew: 1



NOTES: IOC: March 2017.


SOURCES: "Chengdu J-20." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified November 28, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu_J-20. ; "Face It: China’s J-20 Is A Fifth-Generation Fighter." Aviation Week Networkpage | Aviation Week Network. Last modified April 5, 2021. https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/ ... on-fighter. ; Hollings, Alex. "F-35s Encountered China's J-20: Here's What the Air Force Said About It." Sandboxx. Last modified October 4, 2022. https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/f-35s-enco ... -about-it/. ; Pike, John. "J-20 (Jianjiji-20 Fighter Aircraft 20) / F-20." GlobalSecurity.org. Last modified 10, 2021. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military ... design.htm.

[Cheche]

Hello,
Don't know if it's the good place to post, my apologies if not..
Detected a potentiel missing component for SAM Buk family (sa-11/17/27) : the radio com datalink between the ChairBack FCR and the missile (9M38M1 / 9M317 / 9M317M).
Open sources about this SAM family missile guidance is INS mid-course uploaded with radio datalink + terminal sarh.
The radio datalink is missing on both missile side and radar side...consequently missile trajectory is not updated during initial inertial mid-flight course. It goes straight to future point of impact (predictive navigation), then the Terminal illumination is launched few second before impact. De facto, a course change between the missile launch and the point of illumination results almost always to a missile defeat (missile blind even with hardG maneuvers).
Thanks lot.

[CV60]

Hello,
Don't know if it's the good place to post, my apologies if not..
Detected a potentiel missing component for SAM Buk family (sa-11/17/27) : the radio com datalink between the ChairBack FCR and the missile (9M38M1 / 9M317 / 9M317M).
Open sources about this SAM family missile guidance is INS mid-course uploaded with radio datalink + terminal sarh.
The radio datalink is missing on both missile side and radar side...consequently missile trajectory is not updated during initial inertial mid-flight course. It goes straight to future point of impact (predictive navigation), then the Terminal illumination is launched few second before impact. De facto, a course change between the missile launch and the point of illumination results almost always to a missile defeat (missile blind even with hardG maneuvers).
Thanks lot.

Thanks for mentioning this. This is the location to post suggested database corrections: https://github.com/PygmalionOfCyprus/cm ... new/choose
With over 30,000 entries, we needed a more organized method of tracking suggested changes. If you do post the issue here, be sure to have some sources, as the team in charge of the database needs those before making any changes. If you have difficulty, let me know, and I'll post it for you.

[Cheche]

I'm not familiar with Github... If you Can kindly post it for me will appreciate. Thanks lot!

[CV60]

I'm not familiar with Github... If you Can kindly post it for me will appreciate. Thanks lot!

Will do. Can you provide me with some sources? I'm not saying you are wrong, but the database team won't even look at it without some sources.

[Cheche]

Hum.. basicaly it's in the description in CMO-DB but not implemented in Com/Datalink in the DB (the function is missing for all this SAM family Sa-11/17/27).
Plenty of open sources website confirm that there is a trajectory INS mid-course update with comdatalink before the TSARH.
https://www.ausairpower.net/APA-9K37-Buk.html
"redesigned semi-active homing seeker using P-nav, a midcourse guidance datalink channel, inertial navigation system"

[Horchata]

DRAFT TOMBSTONE [30N6] radar description for comment/corrections

FYI:
FLAP LID 30N6 A/B - S300PT/PS
TOMBSTONE 30N6E2 is for the S300PM, S300PM2 and S300FM
GRAVESTONE 92N6 is for the S400
https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/ ... 14.en.html

Hello,
Don't know if it's the good place to post, my apologies if not..
Detected a potentiel missing component for SAM Buk family (sa-11/17/27) : the radio com datalink between the ChairBack FCR and the missile (9M38M1 / 9M317 / 9M317M).
Thanks lot.

The Buk's and S300V's even the brand new versions are also listed as having analog computers not the digital Argon-15 from the MiG-31 and thus have absurdly high engagement times. Since I can't find hard proof of this obvious fact I haven't posted on GitHub. (Buk-M1 is half digital with only the TEL's being analog and blip based, I believe M1-2 is all digital and of course the M2 and M3 are all digital modern systems)

[ClaudeJ]

Hey there,

just want to bring to your attention a few things :

Please add the Aircraft_4605.txt file.
It's for the #4605 - Airbus A.330-200 MRTT (UAE - 2014), and is a copy of the other A320-200 description file.

Aircraft_4605.txt

(1.8 KiB) Downloaded 101 times

-------------------------------------------
- mismatching descriptions :

the aircraft #1305 Tu-22RDK Blinder C have a MiG-23ML description.
the weapon_2125 AKD-10, a Chinese AGM, has the patrol boat OPV-64 description
the DKA SErna class, ship_2312, have the desiciption of the PKR Moskva.

PS:
These weapons have the dreaded MIM-23 Hawk description

Weapon_65 RIM-66A SM-1MR Blk IV ASuW
Weapon_466 GBU-24/B Paveway III LGB [BPG-2000 PGM, CPE-800 Penetrator]
Weapon_494 100mm/59 A-190 HE
Weapon_657 RIM-66L-2 SM-2MR Blk IIIA
Weapon_658 RIM-66L-1 SM-2MR Blk III
Weapon_659 RIM-66J SM-2MR Blk II
Weapon_660 RIM-66H SM-2MR Blk II
Weapon_668 20mm GAM-BO1 Oerlikon Burst [20 rnds]
Weapon_671 SS.12
Weapon_672 Red Top
Weapon_674 R.440N Crotale V3S
Weapon_675 R.440N Crotale V3N
Weapon_679 57mm/81 ZIF-75 Quad DP Burst [6 rnds]
Weapon_681 Aster 30 Blk 1
Weapon_685 120mm M256 HE
Weapon_686 120mm M256 HEAT
Weapon_688 120mm M256 APFSDS-T
Weapon_691 105mm M68A1 HE
Weapon_692 BGM-71A TOW
Weapon_697 125mm HEAT
Weapon_699 SA-N-20a Gargoyle [48N6]
Weapon_708 F17P Mod 2
Weapon_710 Mk37 Mod 2
Weapon_711 Mk37 Mod 1
Weapon_716 CBU-58A/B CB [650 x BLU-63/B Frag Bomblets]
Weapon_718 AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM P3I.3
Weapon_719 ASMP-A [300kT Nuclear]
Weapon_733 AIM-92E Stinger ATAS RPM Blk I
Weapon_734 FIM-92D Stinger RMP
Weapon_739 AIM-92C Stinger ATAS RPM
Weapon_743 FIM-92C Stinger RMP
Weapon_745 40mm/70 Twin Breda Vesta Fast Forty Burst [32 rnds]
Weapon_749 37mm/63 Single Burst [20 rnds]
Weapon_750 Commando
Weapon_788 100mm/55 Model 1953 PFHE
Weapon_793 Elma ASW-600 ASW Mortar Salvo [M90 Hard Kill DC, 9 rnds]
Weapon_802 CBU-97/B SFW [10 x BLU-108/B Anti-Tank Bomblets]
Weapon_815 BGM-71F TOW 2B
Weapon_817 500 USG Conformal Tank
Weapon_2237 Condib 120

---

PS:
- Aircraft, the ID 2105 P-3AM Orion (Brazil, Navy 2012) has the MiG-23MS description file.
- Facility, ID 3223 SAM Bty Patriot, has an AN/FPS-6 Radar description file.

[ClaudeJ]

Hey there,

Facility 3223 Radar (China LPAR) (China - 2000) has the wrong description.

It would probably better be with the same description as ID 3060 Radar (China LPAR) (China - 2000)

Cheers

[Parel803]

Good evening,

DB3K DBID: Sensor #3324

OVERVIEW: The RSR-210N is a lightweight I-band 2D Naval Air/Sea Surveillance RADAR with several operation modes and optional IFF.

DETAILS: The RSR-210N is designed for smaller naval and coastgurd vessels or as an auxiliary radar on larger vessels. Modes are surveillance, gun-fire support and helicopter control. The RSR-210N has a sPotted wave guide antenna and features a TWT, multi-channel (air and surface), fully coherent and a comprehensive ECM suite. Both channels can handle over 200 tracks. A three-channel pulse Doppler radar system, it is designed to perform efficiently in harsh environments and accurately detect small, fast-moving targets under weather, sea, and land conditions that cause clutter, or unwanted radar echoes.

Specifications
Frequency: I-band (NATO) / X-band
Power Output: 8 kW
PRF: prob depending on mode
Resolution azimuth: < 0.3 degrees
Resolution range: < 10 m
Detection Ranges instrumented:
Surveillance air/surf = 27 nm, Self-defence Air = 32 nm, Gun-fire Support = 13 nm, Helo guidance = 8 nm
Detection Range on 5m2 RCS fighter is 25 nm
Manufacturer: Reutech Radar Systems, South Africa

Notes: user include Norway

SOURCES:
"Reutech RSR-210N", including pdf. Oct22. https://www.reutechradar.com/products/defence/2d-radar; "MathWorks". -. https://nl.mathworks.com/company/user_s ... esign.html;

best regards GJ

[CV60]

DRAFT revision of the Gabrial I SSM Description for Comment

OVERVIEW: The Gabriel I is a short-range, solid-fuel, subsonic, surface-skimming, semi-active radar homing, surface to surface anti-ship missile, armed with a 180kg warhead.


DETAILS: The Gabriel I is a beam-rider missile, using semi-active radar homing. Its standard engagement profile requires the target vessel to be illuminated by the ship's I-band fire control radar. After launch, the operator l uses a joystick to gather it into the guidance beam by commanding it into the center of a circle etched on stabilized binoculars. The other operator tracks the target as a backup to the radar. During the midcourse phase, the missile uses a gyro-based inertial guidance, and either radio command or semiactive radar guidance for the terminal phase. Because the system has only a single fire control channel, the fire control system can control only one missile fired against a single target. A second missile can only be fired and controled only after the first missile has switched to semiactive homing, approximately 15 seconds after launch.

The Gabriel's flight profile after launch begins with a climb to approximately 100 meters before decending to 20 meters approximately 7.5 km from the target. During the terminal phase, at approximately 1.2 km from the target, the Gabriel decends to 3 meters.

When the missile gets close enough to the target, it is commanded to shift to semiactive radar homing. If the target jams, the missile seeker can be turned off and the missile will attempt to ride the beam all the way into the target. After the seeker acquires the target, the missile enters the terminal phase, descending between 4.5 and 6 meters from the surface, with a final descent to 3 meters altitude 1200 meters from the target.

In the command back up mode, the Gabriel can also be controlled optically, with an operator using an optical sight on the firing ship and a joystick to control the missile. This mode is particularly useful in a high ECM environment.

Specifications:
Weight: 430 kg
Length: 3.35 m
Diameter: 0.34 m
Wingspan: 1.35 m
Speed: 466 knts (864 km/hr)(0.7 M)
Range: 10.75 nm (20 km)
CEP: ?? meters



NOTES: IOC by Israel in 1970. Production ended in 1992. The missile can be installed in vessels as small as 50 tons displacement. Claimed to be the world's first operational sea-skimming missile. The Gabriel evolved from the command guided Luz SSM.




SOURCES: Friedman, Norman. The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems, 1997-1998 Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 2006, pg. 525-26 ; Jane's Naval Weapon Systems, 1997; Friedman, Norman. The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems, 1997-1998 Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1998, pg. 230 ; Jane's Naval Weapon Systems, 1997 "Gavriel (Gavriel)/Skerpioen/Advanced Naval Attack Missile (ANAM); Gabriel (missile) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_(missile) ; Gabriel | Weaponsystems.net. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/H ... briel.html

[PN79]

I know, I know I am again here with my nitpicks.

I don't know much about Gabriel missiles so I cannot really comment it but in the provided description I have problem with statement that at first it uses SARH guidance but in "details" is written that it is beam-rider.

SARH and beam-rider guidance are two guite different things and you can use one of them but not both - that would not work. SARH uses reflected radar signal from target. Beam rider uses signal (radar or laser) going from launching system in direction to target - i.e. in exactly opposite way than SARH.

From further text it seems to me that it uses command guidance during flight and SARH as terminal (I think optionally as command guidance in short ranges should be enough).

There is further mentioning that beam-riding is used in case of jamming but I think that this is mistake. If jamming is succesful in throwing off radar lock beam-riding is no solution as fire control radar will lost target and thus beam-riding missile can not reach target anyway. This is probably mistaken for command link jamming where SARH guidance can be used for whole time as back up.

So I think that there is no reason to use beam-riding and guidance variants are these:
- command all the way to the target where targeting info is provided by radar or optically
- SARH all the way to the target where targeting info is provided by radar
- combined command mid-course and SARH final where radar has to be used for SARH and optical guidance is optional for mid-course

I am not sure with this but I really doubt that somebody would go for beam-riding when SARH is already available.

[ClaudeJ]

PN79,

there you have a more comprehensive excerpt, in fair use, of the source document CV60 used. It may make more sense to you: https://github.com/PygmalionOfCyprus/cm ... ssues/4293

I found this excerpt from Rabinovich' Boats of Cherbourg, page 209-210 great in providing context:

Unlike the Gabriel’s system — called “semi-active homing” because of the missile’s partial dependence on a beam from the launch vessel — the Styx employed an active homing system, in which the missile followed its own radar signals to the target without the mother ship’s having to light the way. This mode would be employed by virtually all missile systems to be developed in the West, including the French Exocet and American Harpoon and even the later versions of the Gabriel, because missile ranges came to extend well beyond radar range and they could therefore not be beamed onto target by the mother ship. Even-Tov had chosen the semi-active approach partly because the Soviets were expert at jamming and he believed beam-riding could overcome any jamming systems that the Osas and Komars might carry. The main reason, however, was his uncertainty over whether his theoretical calculations concerning the Gabriel’s ability to home in on a target were correct. The missile’s small radar would have to distinguish the target through the electronic “static” that radar soundings elicit. Even-Tov decided that the missile had best be helped at least halfway on its course by a beam-ride from the mother ship to ensure that it was close enough to the target to discern its signal clearly. If worst came to worst, and the Gabriel’s unconventional radar failed altogether, the missile could ride the radar beam projected by the launch vessel all the way to target.

[PN79]

Thanks. I see this:

Jane's Naval Weapon System, 1997 - says on page 16, third column:
"It informs the ship of its location through the down-link and the DCPU controls its direction through the up link, ..."
=== classical command guidance via radio datalink --- this is not beam-riding https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_riding

Friedman, Norman, The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon System, Fifth Edition. 2006:
"Automatic command to line of sight (CLOS) with terminal semiactive guidance ..."
"The upper wing carries the receiver and transponder aerials for the command link..."
=== command + SARH --- no beam-riding
Also: "The system has only a single fire control channel; ..."
--- clear limitation of command guided missiles --- beam-riding missiles has no limitation of how many are in the air similarly to SARH

I now think that when "beam-riding" is used in connection to Rafael missile that this is incorrect and it is confused for command guidance through datalink. Also there is probably confusion when words "radar beam" is used but "beam-riding" is name for special way of guiding missiles and it is significantly different from command guidance through dataling and SARH. See AA-1 Alkali [RS-2] missile which has proper beam-riding guidance (with all its limitations).

[CV60]

Based on what I was reading, I thought the Gabriel had the following guidance(s): 1) A command link where the operator "flew" the missile immediately after launch to guide the missile to a radar beam that was aimed at the target. 2) the missile rode the beam (assisted by inertials) to the vicinity of the target. It isn't SARH at this point because the missile receiver was not capable of picking up the reflected energy from the target; 3) at about 1.5 km, the missile is capable of receiving the radiated energy and becomes an SARH guided missile and possibly 4) In the event of jamming, the operator can take control and use the command link to guide the missile.

[thewood1]

JUst make sure to seperate all the different versions. The Boats of Cherborg has a good description of how I and II work. I have found this site aligns with that.

https://weaponsystems.net/system/1435-G ... 20guidance.

[PN79]

Based on what I was reading, I thought the Gabriel had the following guidance(s): 1) A command link where the operator "flew" the missile immediately after launch to guide the missile to a radar beam that was aimed at the target. 2) the missile rode the beam (assisted by inertials) to the vicinity of the target. It isn't SARH at this point because the missile receiver was not capable of picking up the reflected energy from the target; 3) at about 1.5 km, the missile is capable of receiving the radiated energy and becomes an SARH guided missile and possibly 4) In the event of jamming, the operator can take control and use the command link to guide the missile.

Thanks for explanation. This makes sense.

[PN79]

JUst make sure to seperate all the different versions. The Boats of Cherborg has a good description of how I and II work. I have found this site aligns with that.

https://weaponsystems.net/system/1435-G ... 20guidance.

However it lacks explanation how that beam-riding is connected with command datalink (which is mentioned in sourced texts above) which CV60 explained in workable way.

[ClaudeJ]

From the colloquial horse's mouth:

In the Israeli Gabriel sea-to-sea missile, guidance during the first part of the fight is CLOS, and during the latter one, semiactive homing proportional navigation (PN).

Shneydor, Neryahu. Missile Guidance and Pursuit, 1998. p. 5.
(worked on the Gabriel, Shafrir, and Python guidance)

(...) Range: 10.75 nm (20 km) (...)

Friedman mentions "20km+", actually. 20 Km is a conservative figure, and contradicts the current database.
Range up to 27 km has been attained during testing, which matches the database value.

Regarding IOC, it has been 1969. The final acceptance test occurred in April of that year. 1970 is the year of its first public display.
cf. "Ground-to-ground missile launchers 'Luz' are being replaced with sea-to-sea 'Gabriel' missiles - Rafael." (HE)
https://2016-uploaded.fresh.co.il/2016/ ... 737048.jpg
https://www.fresh.co.il/vBulletin/print ... php?t=3736
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7 ... :Kh322.jpg
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7 ... el1969.jpg


Cheers