So, I've been paying attention to the "planned" combat odds and the odds reported in the detailed combat results table, and there is indeed a sometimes heavy drop in the planned versus actual odds. However, there are still a large number of heavy odds (10:1 plus) in the actual results where the ...

Thank you for your reply. Eventually, I surmised the same thing, but the combat results boxes are misleading.

The first line says "Hold at All Costs (Success)"
The second line says "Defender Retreats"

I gather the success trumps the retreat. But, at 15:1 odds, it's frustrating when zero attacks ...

So, figured out that there has to be a valid route or a unit marked "retreat" in the combat results doesn't. But. Why do units not retreat when there IS a valid route? Not really seeing a lot of units get ashore.