More accurate/historical Map

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Simulacra53 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa

ORIGINAL: Meteor2


If Churchill had not been elected for Prime Minister, maybe Britain and Germany had negotiated a peace in 1940, with all the unknown consequences for the future...

Churchill wasn't elected in 1940, he was appointed, partially because the other possible choice, Lord Halifax, did not press his case.

Another credible what-if is the failure of the Dunkirk evacuation, which was very likely if the Panzer Halt order had not been confirmed by Hitler.

It is possible that Britain may have negotiated a peace with the Axis in 1940, but without that event German defeat became inevitable, especially after the unnecessary DOW against the USA.

There are credible 'what-ifs' for the early war years to avoid stale repetition and this game has the flexibly to allow for them.

The Panzer halt made sense, that’s a hindsight thing.
Remember that the Panzers were there at the end of the logistics line, facing defenders in an urban environment. They had been pushing non stop until reaching the cost. Last but not least the Battle of France had still to be waged, the western campaign did not end in Dunkirk. With hind sight we can pour on what ifs.

As for the DOW making no sense that’s not true from German perspective.

The US openly supported Britain, it declared half the Atlantic its operational theatre and the USN was protecting convoys.
For all intents and purposes the US had entered the war on the British side except for a formal declaration and boots on the ground.
By declaring war the German U-boats could be freed to wage unrestricted warfare (which resulted in operation Paukenschlag).

Would it have mattered if Germany had not declared war on the US?
Hardly, the US would have eventually have joined the fighting in Europe once it was ready to do so on its terms - same as in WW1 - little doubt about that.
At best the declaration made the Europe first strategy an easier sale to the US public.

All IMO.



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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
Churchill wasn't elected in 1940, he was appointed, partially because the other possible choice, Lord Halifax, did not press his case.

Well, there's this oh so minor problem that people who suggest the Halifax option either don't know of, don't understand, or ignore ...

Halifax could NOT have become Prime Minister as he was a member of the House of Lords ... the Prime Minister must be a member of the House of Commons.

Finding someone willing to resign their seat and holding a By-Election would have been necessary and that would have been time consuming (if possible at all) and divisive as, another oh so minor point, Halifax was roundly disliked by Attlee, the Labour leader, with which he would have had to have some positive relationship with under the circumstances ...Churchill, on the other hand, did get on with Attlee.
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
Another credible what-if is the failure of the Dunkirk evacuation, which was very likely if the Panzer Halt order had not been confirmed by Hitler.

And, yet again, a widely touted what if that doesn't bear up to even the slightest scrutiny ...

* Firstly, the British forces at Dunkirk only constituted, from memory, 45% of the BEF, the rest fought on (or retreated on) and were eventually evacuated from the Breton ports several weeks later.

* Secondly, 'everyone knows' that Hitler randomly OK'ed the Stop Order because he didn't want to embarrass the Brits and scotch chances of an armistice or other peace deal.

What isn't usually presented by the 'everyone knows' camp are several key facts ...

Hitler was told by the Panzer commanders that their forces were spent ... the traffic accident rate had increased massively as drivers literally fell asleep at the wheel of their vehicles for the simple reason that Uppers will only keep you awake for so long ... they also pointed out that their exhausted units had no infantry or artillery support and their logistical tail and flanks were 'in the air' and, logistics wise, inadequate.

Panzer units punched holes, sometimes, but relied on the Artillery to support their attacks and the infantry to follow on close to protect their read and mop up potential counter attacks. They'd outrun the artillery and infantry.

They believed, and evidently made it forcefully plain, that their exhausted and under-supplied troops would be at high risk if any further advances or attacks were undertaken.

Hitler, rightly, believed them ... he hadn't entirely drunk the whole of the Kool Aid at that point.
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
It is possible that Britain may have negotiated a peace with the Axis in 1940, but without that event German defeat became inevitable, especially after the unnecessary DOW against the USA.

There are credible 'what-ifs' for the early war years to avoid stale repetition and this game has the flexibly to allow for them.

Well, there are what-ifs that allow for some different routes, but the ones mentioned are very low order possibilities, more unlikely than possible.

Here's a better one ...

The French High Command (Gamelin) was a moron. He had his HQ in a chateau with NO RADIO ... and which was 75 miles from the nearest radio. Communications delays, and his idiotic refusal to issue anything but general 'Orders of the Day' with no specifics let the Germans get inside the French command cycle.

If Gamelin hadn't been protected by Daladier, and if Weygand (who was only slightly less useless) was out of the picture, then place the French commander in chief somewhere WITH a radio and with the ability to issue up to the minute specific orders ... advantage the Allies.

As it was, one of the severe consequences of Gamelin's incompetence was that the French mobile units were committed piecemeal and, by the time armoured counterattacks were considered, the units needed to mount them had either been mostly or completely destroyed.

DeGaulle managed a half-decent armoured attack with his forces ... if the other armoured units had been massed for co-ordinated counterattacks by someone more competent than Gamelin or Weygand then the German fear that the Battle of France might bog down as in WW1 could well have come true ... or, at least, the conquest of France would have taken many more weeks, perhaps many more months.

Or the real possibility that the French decide to spend money on Armoured, Mechanised and Motorised units instead of the Maginot Line?

Or the likelihood that someone less idiotic than Gamelin might not advance into Belgium at the first attack and leave the army out of position against an attack through the Ardennes?

Or the possibility that the French High Command place the length of the Ardennes as one Army Command rather than splitting it between two, which meant when the Germans attacked at the juncture of the two they had an advantage as a result?

Why is it that only ludicrous pro-German 'what-ifs' are the ones that seem to be proposed?

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

ORIGINAL: Simulacra53

The Panzer halt made sense, that’s a hindsight thing. Remember that the Panzers were there at the end of the logistics line, facing defenders in an urban environment. They had been pushing non stop until reaching the cost. Last but not least the Battle of France had still to be waged, the western campaign did not end in Dunkirk. With hind sight we can pour on what ifs.

This is off topic and I was only commenting to correct the record, but the 'Panzer Halt' order was part of a command conflict which was to appear again on July/August 1941 with even greater impact, but this is too big an issue and in the wrong thread.

However, IMO at the time of the order the BEF was still struggling back to the coast and the German tanks were closer to the beaches than most of the Allied forces. Later, when the order was rescinded the situation at Dunkirk was as you describe, but days earlier the panzers would have been pushing at an open door and the evacuation would have been stopped.
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

Again wrong thread, but Churchill did not have to be the only replacement for Chamberlain.

The history that 'everyone knows' is often faulty and 'The Blitzkrieg Myth' – Hans- Heinz Freisler is a good source for understanding how the 1940 campaign in France unfolded, but that is for another place.
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

ORIGINAL: aspqrz02

Why is it that only ludicrous pro-German 'what-ifs' are the ones that seem to be proposed?

It's obvious that if the Axis powers have involved themselves in war with the three most powerful power blocks on earth, they are going to lose under any circumstance and that if there is to be any adjustment of play balance, however ludicrous, it obviously has to be in the Axis favour.
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

ORIGINAL: aspqrz02

Halifax could NOT have become Prime Minister as he was a member of the House of Lords ... the Prime Minister must be a member of the House of Commons.

Halifax doesn't agree with your conclusion,

In his diary entry for 9 May 1940:

I had no doubt at all in my own mind that for me to succeed him would create a quite impossible situation. Apart altogether from Churchill's qualities as compared with my own at this particular juncture, what would in fact be my position? Churchill would be running Defence, and in this connexion one could not but remember the relationship between Asquith and Lloyd George had broken down in the first war... I should speedily become a more or less honorary Prime Minister, living in a kind of twilight just outside the things that really mattered

His reasons for not contesting Churchill have nothing to do with his title, there are mechanisms to cope with that situation, as the British system of government is surprisingly flexible.
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Meteor2 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa

Again wrong thread, but Churchill did not have to be the only replacement for Chamberlain.

The history that 'everyone knows' is often faulty and 'The Blitzkrieg Myth' – Hans- Heinz Freisler is a good source for understanding how the 1940 campaign in France unfolded, but that is for another place.

Just a small correction:
Karl-Heinz Frieser.
A very interessting book (Oldenbourg, 1996), which removes the myth of "Blitzkried-Strategy" . Your are right, I think.

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa

ORIGINAL: aspqrz02
Why is it that only ludicrous pro-German 'what-ifs' are the ones that seem to be proposed?

It's obvious that if the Axis powers have involved themselves in war with the three most powerful power blocks on earth, they are going to lose under any circumstance and that if there is to be any adjustment of play balance, however ludicrous, it obviously has to be in the Axis favour.

I disagree completely. Obviously.

If you are going to have 'what if' options for the Axis then you need/must have options for the Allies.

None of them need to be favourable options, of course.

The options I suggested for the Allies above will not necessarily be all that much better for them ...

Replacing Gamelin and Weygand help to a degree, but does not, by itself, solve the many other command and control issues the French faced in reality. I'd guess the best representation would be to increase the experience value of 'elite' French units ... Armour, Mech and Cavalry ... which won't be a game changer.

In that matter, you realise, of course, that the French Army in the 1940 scenario is hugely ... ludicrously ... under strength compared to reality. Not a single armoured or mechanised or cavalry unit on the map!

As for replacing the Maginot Line with more armour/mech/cavalry units, Avalon Hill/SPI did that as an option in their excellent Board Game, 'France 40', many years ago ... along with other pro-German and pro-Allied options ... and the added French units made (in my experience) nowhere near enough difference to stop the German invasion ... of course, AH/SPI used victory conditions based on doing better/worse than the actual outcome rather than manipulating things so that one side could sweep the map completely in an ahistorical and impossible manner.

Other options could include ...

* Portugal going actively allied earlier than it did. The Portuguese government with its long alliance with the Brits (dating back to the 14th century) made it plain that, if pushed, they would come in alongside the UK but that they'd prefer to remain neutral and with a bias to the allies.

* The Spanish Civil War doesn't go as well for the Nationalists and either the Republic wins or it is ongoing in 1939.

* Ataturk doesn't die in 1938 (and isn't ill) ... which means there is no chance of Turkey siding with the Axis and an actual chance they might go over to the Allies if the Allies are in a position of strength.

* Lenin doesn't die in 1924 and purges Stalin. There are no Red Army purges. Probably no war against the Finns, unlikely to be any German-Soviet pact ... so no occupation of the Baltics and no Russian taking of half of Poland. In fact, the chance that the Russians will attempt to come to the assistance of Poland.

* Stalin dies of a stroke when he hears of the German invasion ... or is, as he feared, purged by the Politburo when they visit him after he secluded himself in a funk for several days ... which changes many things, most of which are probably represented by the fact that the actual Allied player won't make the same dumb mistakes Stalin did.

* The Japanese DoW the Russians, cutting off the Vladivostok convoy route ... but do nothing else (they really weren't in a position to do anything militarily and not taking NEI and Borneo oil leaves them gutted, economically).

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

Thanks for the library correction, going from memory, couldn't find the book. [&:]

All of these 'what-if' suggestions bear some consideration IF you are looking for some variation. I would not suggest that the base game should be changed, apart from to make it as accurate and playable as possible. Recognising that we are always going to have problems defining what is actually historical, facing Hollywood led history and political smokescreens about what actually happened.

The rest is the players' choice, using the editor and difficulty settings. If the main game is to supply options, then that would be an unexpected bonus.

I find the period 1938/42 the most interesting for the various alternative possibilities that might have arisen, after that, the war is certainly only going one way. The Germans had probably lost the war in 1940, when they found no negotiated option available.

I disagree with your assessment of the 1940 panzer Halt Order, from my reading, the conflict occurred higher up the chain of command between Kluge/Kleist/Rundstedt and Brauchitsch/Halder, with Hitler supporting Rundstedt in a fit of pique.

It was not the panzer commanders that sought the halt, at least not those that mattered, Guderian, etc., as Guderian's comment on the order shows :

‘We were utterly speechless. But since we were not informed of the reasons for this order it was difficult to argue against it'.

I have little doubt that if the halt order had not been issued, or had been quickly rescinded as Halder wanted, then German tanks would have been in Dunkirk, before the Allied perimeter could be fully established and, at the very least, the actual fighting would have severely hampered the evacuation. Admiral Ramsay had originally predicted that 45,000 men could be saved and if a large part the BEF was lost, with most of their equipment, then Churchill's speeches would have sounded hollow. The 'victory' of Dunkirk buoyed up the British people with a relieved euphoria, the defeat of Dunkirk would have highlighted Churchill's other amphibious disasters, at the Dardanelles and Norway, and what might have happened next ?

However, there is no agree, or disagree, because any player can do whatever they want with their own game, the point is to enjoy playing, however that is achieved.

Realistically nothing is going to change for the French, they were totally unprepared for mobile warfare, but well armoured French tanks and the ineffectiveness of the 37mm anti-tank gun were a surprise for the Germans and a more mobile French army would make a more challenging 1940 campaign.

Historically, how do you portray the early French and Soviet armies, you say the French are ludicrously under-strength, but for all the reasons that you have noted and more, what strength did they manage to muster ? Once in the Dunkirk and Lille perimeters the British and French armies fought well and held the line long enough for the evacuation to succeed, well beyond expectations, but in mobile warfare they were just unable to project the force that they possessed.

The Soviets are in the same situation in 1941, only more so.

Personally I am looking for more basic alternatives, where one historical decision could change the overall situation and open up more gaming options.

Agree, or disagree, I think the panzer halt order was one of these events, which could have had a major effect.

No German DOW on the USA would be another.

Soviet pre-emptive attack in 1940, right in the middle of the French campaign, which happened playing 'Time of Fury' and led to one of the best campaigns ever, as you're in new territory, trying to get Hungary to join the Axis, racing the Soviets to the Ploesti oilfields, no hindsight and playing outside the box, great.

Even going back to 'War in Russia' and the 'Patriotic War' mod, again a Soviet first strike. There are endless arguments for why Stalin would not have done this, but so what, if it produces a good game.[8D]

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Essro »

Interesting discussion.

I've always been partial to "France Fights On" type what-ifs. Love the topic, can't get enough of it.

Anyhow, regarding the post about the map...

Switching a rail line to road and then back again to simulate gauge changes is intriguing. What is the supply impact of doing that?


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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by TrogusP96 »



Rasputits says

"Historically, how do you portray the early French and Soviet armies, you say the French are ludicrously under-strength, but for all the reasons that you have noted and more, what strength did they manage to muster ? Once in the Dunkirk and Lille perimeters the British and French armies fought well and held the line long enough for the evacuation to succeed, well beyond expectations, but in mobile warfare they were just unable to project the force that they possessed."

What about lower operation points. Pre 1939 especially for some units. A recurring issue seems to be some lack of national differences although the system seems to offer potential for it or even unit defferneces. For instance all fighters (except the Soviet AC ratins) have the same range and AC factors?
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

THe French Army, according to Niehorster's 1940 OOB consisted of (converting some units listed as independent divisions into Corps situated roughly where they were historically afaict) ...

* 2 x 30 strength Large Infantry Corps along the western Franco-Belgian border with a Mechanised Corps and a 20 Strength Small Infantry Corps in reserve

* 1 x 25 strength LIC, 1 x 20 strength SIC along the next section of the Franco-Belgian border with an Armoured Corps and a 25 strength LIC in reserve behind them.

* 3 x 30 strength LICs along the Ardennes border with 3 x Cavalry Corps and 1 x 30 strength LIC in reserve.

* 4 x 30 strength LICs along the Maginot line to the next where it turns south (inclusive) backed up by 2 x 30 LICs and 1 x 20 SIC. The remainder of the Maginot line to the Swiss border is garrisoned by a SIC and two Mountain Corps.

* Paris is garrisoned by a 5 strength Infantry Division, with two x 30 strength LICs adjacent and a 10 strength Armoured Corps (1 Armoured Division actually) nearby as well.

* There is a 5 point division in Rouen and a 10 point one adjacent.

* 10 point divisions in Le Havre, Caen, Saint Nazaire, Reims and the hex adjacent to Reims, Bordeaux, Bayonne, Montpelier, Valence, Marseilles and the hex NE of Marseilles.

* A 20 strength SIC in Nice. A Mountain Corps on the road between Valence and Italy, on the border. A 30 strength LIC on the rail line between Vichy and Italy, on the border, backed up by a Mountain Corps behind it.

* A 20 strength SIC in Besancon with another on the rail line adjacent to it and adjacent to the Swiss border.

* I have not, as yet, increased the number of actual French HQ units or the number of Air Force or Naval Units ...

I am assuming that, apart from where noted (i.e. Infantry Divisions, LICs and Armoured Corps with less than full strength on map) that units were at full strength.

That's just mainland France! And a heck of a lot more than in the game scenario.

* The Mechanised Corps tend to represent Corps that had at least one or two Armoured Divisions but the second/third division may have been Infantry.

* The Cavalry Corps represent Cavalry - mechanised and not - units.

I haven't yet fiddled with the OPs available to French units but I am thinking that, maybe, Mountain Corps should be reduced by 2 OP as they were all deployed in Maginot fortresses (including equivalent fortifications along the Franco-Italian border) and wouldn't have had the transport of a 'regular' Mountain Corps.

Likewise, the Mech, Armour and Cavalry units probably should have their OPs reduced by 1 to represent rubbish doctrine. I think, as well, that the LICs and SICs should maybe have a 1 OP reduction to represent command paralysis ... though, since I have set all of the French Infantry units in Mainland France to 'garrison' for scenario start this may represent it better by itself.

The BELGIAN army is also much bigger (same OOB source) ...

* 30 strength LIC in Liege.

* 2 x SIC along the Meuse SW of Liege.

* I SIC NEW of Liege and two 10 strength Divisions along the rest of the Dutch-Belgian Border.

* A 30 strength LIC in Brussels.

* A Cavalry Corps in the Ardennes (adjacent to Luxemburg City)

* A 15 strength SIC and a 10 Strength SIC in reserve behind the front.

Apart from the last two units, all of those listed were supposedly at full strength at the time of the Invasion ... the reserve army was not yet mobilised and would have brought the two under strength SICs to full strength if there had been time.

The DUTCH army consists of ...

* 1 x 12 strength SIC in Amsterdam with a 6 strength Division north and an 8 strength division NE.

* 2 x 12 strength SICs along the Rhine facing Germany with a 6 strength Infantry Division on the Dutch-Belgian border.

And that's, afaict, at full mobilisation ... or close to it ... the Dutch government really dropped the ball in the inter war years and started rearmament and mobilisation years later than everyone else.

Of course, the German army will also be much stronger as well.

I haven't done it for 1940 yet, but the Niehorster OOB for 1939 gives the army facing Poland ...

* 7 x 30 strength LICs plus 2 in East Prussia

* 6 x 20 strength SICs

* 5 x Mechanised Corps and 1 x Armoured Corps, plus 1 Mech Corps in East Prussia.

* 1 x 10 strength Infantry Division adjacent to Danzig, 3 x 10 strength Infantry Divisions along the eastern East Prussian border.

The additional Mech Corps have 1-2 Armoured or Motorised Divisions plus, in some cases, 1-2 Infantry divisions ... I *could* strip out the Armoured or Motorised Divisions and form ahistorical armoured groups and infantry groups instead, but my thinking is that the early armoured units had twice the number of tanks as the ones in 1940/41 whereas the extra armoured/mechanised divisions formed later were created by the simple expedient of taking half of the existing division's tanks and creating a 'new' division around that.

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

As for OPs and the like, I have, already, modified this for some existing units on a national basis ... for example, I have given UK Infantry more OPs (+2 IIRC) to represent the fully motorised divisions they fielded, ditto the US Infantry.

Other nationalities may be modified for OPs or other things (such as artillery for those nationalities who had less than what seems to be the baseline German division).

This is all being done in my copious free time as I am also writing the fourth book of a Kickstarter campaign I ran a couple of years ago and that takes up a huge effort.

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by AlvaroSousa »

Nice.
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Rasputitsa »

ORIGINAL: TrogusP96

Rasputits says

"Historically, how do you portray the early French and Soviet armies, you say the French are ludicrously under-strength, but for all the reasons that you have noted and more, what strength did they manage to muster ? Once in the Dunkirk and Lille perimeters the British and French armies fought well and held the line long enough for the evacuation to succeed, well beyond expectations, but in mobile warfare they were just unable to project the force that they possessed."

What about lower operation points. Pre 1939 especially for some units. A recurring issue seems to be some lack of national differences although the system seems to offer potential for it or even unit defferneces. For instance all fighters (except the Soviet AC ratins) have the same range and AC factors?

I don't know enough yet about the game and the editor, but editing individual national attributes to reflect the different command and control capabilities of each nation and how these changed over game time would be very useful.

Having national characteristics in the OOBs with adjusted OPs to represent varying command and control capabilities is an helpful step in providing historical realism, noting that over time many nations improved their command and control, whilst for Germany things became worse, as Hitler's dead hand descended over the High Command.

The French Campaign suffers from the problem of how you match an historical OOB with a realistic national capability to use that power, but the Eastern Front is equally as difficult.

Agree on Mountain Troops, as presently reading about the Alpini Corps in Russia, these are good quality mountain troops, expecting to fight in the Caucasus, but were diverted into the line on the open steppe North of Stalingrad in 1942/43. They were using mule transport, totally unsuitable for the conditions, no trucks (although occasionally these were provided), so mostly marching sometimes 100s of kms, boots and uniforms wore out, etc..

Another example of where OOBs don't tell the full story is Soviet Mechanised units on the Eastern Front in 1941. Many Mechanised units had not received their allocation of trucks and were marching, carrying their equipment, whilst the infantry units were better off, as at least they had their horse drawn transport to carry their heavy equipment.

The Red Army in 1941 had no specific doctrine of defence and did not train in defensive tactics, this was highlighted in a Soviet report produced after Barbarossa. The policy of the Soviet Union, in war, was to immediately take the fighting into enemy territory and fight the campaign there. Any officer proposing to fortify cities in the Soviet Union would have been accused of defeatism and executed, or sent to the Gulags. Which is why the Germans were able to drive into undefended Soviet cities with the trams still running in the streets. The defence of Leningrad and the change of policy by 1942, shows how quickly the Soviet attitude changed, but it is always going to be difficult in game terms to replicate the spectacular German advances of 1941.

Cities are supply centres and it is important in the game to hold cities, any opposing player would immediately place defensive units in Soviet cities, which is ahistorical for the early Eastern Front and also in France 1940, except for Lille and the Channel ports. So it's no surprise that campaigns may not work out like the historical events

The Battle of Britain has already been mentioned, but it is a specific feature, as within the range of the only radar air defence system in the world, at that time, the RAF was probably unbeatable. However, Britain would not have that air advantage anywhere else, as the catastrophic losses in the earlier French campaign highlight and how can that limited extra capability be indicated in the game.

I am definitely not proposing to force the game into some historical stereotype, as players must be free to take differing decisions, which will yield differing results, as the players are replacing the commanders who may have performed badly during the actual events, but each commander has to operate under the restrictions suffered by each nation, unless we actually want what-if conditions.

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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Meteor2 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
ORIGINAL: TrogusP96

Rasputits says

"Historically, how do you portray the early French and Soviet armies, you say the French are ludicrously under-strength, but for all the reasons that you have noted and more, what strength did they manage to muster ? Once in the Dunkirk and Lille perimeters the British and French armies fought well and held the line long enough for the evacuation to succeed, well beyond expectations, but in mobile warfare they were just unable to project the force that they possessed."

What about lower operation points. Pre 1939 especially for some units. A recurring issue seems to be some lack of national differences although the system seems to offer potential for it or even unit defferneces. For instance all fighters (except the Soviet AC ratins) have the same range and AC factors?

I don't know enough yet about the game and the editor, but editing individual national attributes to reflect the different command and control capabilities of each nation and how these changed over game time would be very useful.

Having national characteristics in the OOBs with adjusted OPs to represent varying command and control capabilities is an helpful step in providing historical realism, noting that over time many nations improved their command and control, whilst for Germany things became worse, as Hitler's dead hand descended over the High Command.

The French Campaign suffers from the problem of how you match an historical OOB with a realistic national capability to use that power, but the Eastern Front is equally as difficult.

Agree on Mountain Troops, as presently reading about the Alpini Corps in Russia, these are good quality mountain troops, expecting to fight in the Caucasus, but were diverted into the line on the open steppe North of Stalingrad in 1942/43. They were using mule transport, totally unsuitable for the conditions, no trucks (although occasionally these were provided), so mostly marching sometimes 100s of kms, boots and uniforms wore out, etc..

Another example of where OOBs don't tell the full story is Soviet Mechanised units on the Eastern Front in 1941. Many Mechanised units had not received their allocation of trucks and were marching, carrying their equipment, whilst the infantry units were better off, as at least they had their horse drawn transport to carry their heavy equipment.

The Red Army in 1941 had no specific doctrine of defence and did not train in defensive tactics, this was highlighted in a Soviet report produced after Barbarossa. The policy of the Soviet Union, in war, was to immediately take the fighting into enemy territory and fight the campaign there. Any officer proposing to fortify cities in the Soviet Union would have been accused of defeatism and executed, or sent to the Gulags. Which is why the Germans were able to drive into undefended Soviet cities with the trams still running in the streets. The defence of Leningrad and the change of policy by 1942, shows how quickly the Soviet attitude changed, but it is always going to be difficult in game terms to replicate the spectacular German advances of 1941.

Cities are supply centres and it is important in the game to hold cities, any opposing player would immediately place defensive units in Soviet cities, which is ahistorical for the early Eastern Front and also in France 1940, except for Lille and the Channel ports. So it's no surprise that campaigns may not work out like the historical events

The Battle of Britain has already been mentioned, but it is a specific feature, as within the range of the only radar air defence system in the world, at that time, the RAF was probably unbeatable. However, Britain would not have that air advantage anywhere else, as the catastrophic losses in the earlier French campaign highlight and how can that limited extra capability be indicated in the game.

I am definitely not proposing to force the game into some historical stereotype, as players must be free to take differing decisions, which will yield differing results, as the players are replacing the commanders who may have performed badly during the actual events, but each commander has to operate under the restrictions suffered by each nation, unless we actually want what-if conditions.


Good summary, Rasputisa.

The french army of 1940 was very good on paper and therefore the German High Command had serious doubts about the outcome of a campaign.
French tanks being better than the German one and their planes not really worse than there German counterparts.

But a real difference was the politics in the country, which affected the "will to fight" a war. French was still exausted from the Great War and the political left, influence by the commintern, opposed the own government.

This factors, amoung all the other ones you mentioned is hardly coded by numbers. Maybe effectivness? But the numbers for french unit are in the 90 area.

The approach to have more or less exact numbers for raw materials, population, capacities, etc, is a good one, but these soft factors... ???
[&:]

aspqrz02
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
Agree on Mountain Troops, as presently reading about the Alpini Corps in Russia, these are good quality mountain troops, expecting to fight in the Caucasus, but were diverted into the line on the open steppe North of Stalingrad in 1942/43. They were using mule transport, totally unsuitable for the conditions, no trucks (although occasionally these were provided), so mostly marching sometimes 100s of kms, boots and uniforms wore out, etc..

You realise, of course, that the German Infantry Divisions were what is often called 'leg' Infantry ... they might be transported by train (or ship, or barge) to a jump off point, but then they walked ... and they were supplied by a hippotrain (i.e. by horse drawn transport). And they weren't over-supplied with Horses, either.

I forget where I read it, but the CO of a German Infantry Battalion had *a* riding horse ... in Russia, these mostly died *very* quickly and, therefore, the CO had to *walk* along with his troops. There was, IIRC, *one* light truck assigned to the Battalion but it, and the horse drawn waggons of the supply platoon/company were, well, being used for rather more important things than just being a ride for the CO.

At the beginning of Barbarossa they had between 600,000 and 750,000 horses which supplied all the leg infantry units (85% of the Wehrmacht, Infantry, Light Infantry, Mountain and Security Divisions) ... the approximately 600,000 motor vehicles were committed to supplying the Panzer Armies (~15% of the Wehrmacht ... the Panzer, Panzergrendier, Motorised divisions) and weren't enough for that (made worse by the fact that there were *scores* of different makes and models scavenged from all over Europe, from the armies and states the Germans had conquered, which made keeping them operational a nightmare).

German Allied units were, if Leg Infantry, Mountain, Security etc. equipped with hippotrains as well ... no real difference except, depending on the nationality, their divisions had even less in the way of motor transport than a German ID (a German Infantry Rgt had 45 motor vehicles and 20 motorcycles, for example ... a US ID had ~1500 vehicles, a Regiment ~220, and there were whole Corps and Army level truck units that could turn that division fully motorised)
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
Another example of where OOBs don't tell the full story is Soviet Mechanised units on the Eastern Front in 1941. Many Mechanised units had not received their allocation of trucks and were marching, carrying their equipment, whilst the infantry units were better off, as at least they had their horse drawn transport to carry their heavy equipment.

Soviet Mech and Armour units in 1941 were in the midst of a massive and complete (almost root and branch) reorganisation coupled with a massive rearmament program that was churning out equipment faster than anyone could be trained to use it and, to boot, more equipment than they had the technicians to maintain. Not a good example.
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
Gulags. Which is why the Germans were able to drive into undefended Soviet cities with the trams still running in the streets. The defence

Not at all. That was because the Germans moved so quickly that the Red Army, poorly equipped with Radios, found they had no idea exactly where the Germans were and how fast they were moving.

It had nothing whatsover to do with their lack of defensive doctrine, or not, more to do with the Germans getting way inside their decision and reaction cycle.
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
The Battle of Britain has already been mentioned, but it is a specific feature, as within the range of the only radar air defence system in the world, at that time, the RAF was probably unbeatable. However, Britain would not have that air advantage anywhere else, as the catastrophic losses in the earlier French campaign highlight and how can that limited extra capability be indicated in the game.

Since he UK won the BoB irregardless of the losses of the units committed to France I don't see what point you are trying to make.

Radar, while it gave the UK some advantages, wasn't, at that stage, an overwhelming advantage ... it was the co-ordination of all the tech available ... Sound Ranging/Direction finding, Spotters, ESM etc. ... along with Radar in the Regional and central plotting rooms which made the difference.
ORIGINAL: Rasputitsa
I am definitely not proposing to force the game into some historical stereotype, as players must be free to take differing decisions, which will yield differing results, as the players are replacing the commanders who may have performed badly during the actual events, but each commander has to operate under the restrictions suffered by each nation, unless we actually want what-if conditions.

I think we definitely agree on that, and that's what I am trying to work towards with the map and OOB mods and, slowly, with nationality based unit mods.

Phil McGregor
Author, Space Opera (FGU); RBB #1 (FASA); Road to Armageddon; Farm, Forge and Steam; Orbis Mundi; Displaced (PGD)
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aspqrz02
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by aspqrz02 »

ORIGINAL: Meteor2
But a real difference was the politics in the country, which affected the "will to fight" a war. French was still exausted from the Great War and the political left, influence by the commintern, opposed the own government.

Politics was, indeed, a bitch ... but it was the *right wing* political parties who made support for the Republicans impossible, allowed the Nationalists waltz to victory in Spain, and allowed the Germans to road test their military equipment and tactics.

So you can blame their pig-headedness as much as anything else.
ORIGINAL: Meteor2
This factors, amoung all the other ones you mentioned is hardly coded by numbers. Maybe effectivness? But the numbers for french unit are in the 90 area.

Effectiveness for all Major Powers is 100% at start ... I think it represents things like at start supply and logistics nets.

What is the BIG difference is EXPERIENCE.

German units: 75%
British units: 50%
French units: 40%

German units are half again as experienced as the Brits and almost twice as experienced as the French.

THAT is, I suspect, FAR more important a factor.
ORIGINAL: Meteor2
The approach to have more or less exact numbers for raw materials, population, capacities, etc, is a good one, but these soft factors... ???
[&:]

I'm astounded. Raw material availability a "soft" factor!

Germany fought the entire war with her ability to manoeuvre her mechanised and armoured units constrained at an operational and strategic level by her lack of fuel.

She fought the entire war having to choose whether to produce tanks OR trucks OR aircraft OR submarines OR artillery.

She had ongoing shortages of nitrates for munitions OR fertiliser and was only able to maintain food rations to the German people by starving the conquered nations.

The allied nations had few or none of those problems and where they did exist they were transitory, localised and not as serious ... or all three at once.

Those things are anything BUT 'soft' factors.

Phil McGregor
Author, Space Opera (FGU); RBB #1 (FASA); Road to Armageddon; Farm, Forge and Steam; Orbis Mundi; Displaced (PGD)
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TrogusP96
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by TrogusP96 »

MacGregor says in part

Not at all. That was because the Germans moved so quickly that the Red Army, poorly equipped with Radios, found they had no idea exactly where the Germans were and how fast they were moving.

Radar, while it gave the UK some advantages, wasn't, at that stage, an overwhelming advantage ... it was the co-ordination of all the tech available ... Sound Ranging/Direction finding, Spotters, ESM etc. ... along with Radar in the Regional and central plotting rooms which made the difference.

When I was much younger I was awed by technical comparisons. Now I look at other things. I once heard it said that a police officer's most important weapon is not their gun but their radio. I pulled these quotes because of "they had no idea exactly where the Germans were and how fast they were moving." and because of "the co-ordination of all the tech available." I think in games its easier to model the technical differences between weapons systems and then abstract everything else. I think that's why the Battle of the Atlantic and bombing campaigns tend to be more simplified. so I think the interaction of operations points, experience and effectiveness and the OOBs here can get it done for the land campaign.

AS for transport the USA provided the vast bulk of USSR transport, yes?

Meteor@ says

But a real difference was the politics in the country, which affected the "will to fight" a war. French was still exausted from the Great War and the political left, influence by the commintern, opposed the own government.

The more I read the more convinced the truth of this. And there were fascist sympathizers in conservative circles. What a difference between The Battle of Verdun ("they shall not pass") and the bug out fever (to use a Korean War term to describe what over took US forces who had less reason than the French to be scared shitless). It's very hard for us to understand the demographic and psychological effects of the casualties and the obvious implacability of the Third Reich. The French only came around after a few years of occupation?
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Meteor2
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RE: More accurate/historical Map

Post by Meteor2 »

Misunderstanding. Obviously I have not use correct wording.
It was meant, that the hard facts (raw materials, population, industrial and research capabilities, etc.)
are one side of the coin and they are adjustable.
The soft facts, as politics, inner conflicts of a state, etc. are not part of the engine.
Experience is hardly a good equivalent, but there is nothing else.
So giving the french army its correct TOE but very low effectivness or experience will solve this
dilemma?
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