Nov/Dec 1939
Impulse: 4
It looks like that column reduction effectively removes all AA fire from the Finns (as they were on the most extreme left of the table before the reduction.
Thus all three Soviet bombers get through to attack the two coastal battleships at anchor.
Väinämöinen
• Engine(s) output: 6,000 hp
• Top Speed: 16 knots
• Main armament: 4 × 10-inch (254mm), 8 x 4.1-inch (105mm) guns
• Displacement (standard): 3,900 tons
• Thickest armour: 2.1-inch (belt)
Finland had become independent from Russia following the Russian Revolution in 1917. Between then and the outbreak of the Second World War, the Finns sought to build up their defence forces. Money available to the navy was scarce, but in the late twenties it was agreed that the backbone of the Finnish Navy would be two coastal defence ships, named Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen. The Ilmarinen-class were constructed between 1929 and 1933 and the ships were named after characters from The Kalevala, an important literary work based on Finnish folklore.
This ship type - the coastal defence (battle)ship - was popular with the Scandanavian countries that operated in the limited waters of the Baltic. The ships were essentially mobile gun platforms, ideal in protecting vulnerable coastline from amphibious attack or for providing naval gunfire support to troops ashore.
This Finnish version of the type was fitted with four 10-inch guns housed in two twin turrets. Secondary armament was given over to anti-aircraft (AA) defence with eight 4.1-inch guns fitted. Four 40mm and two 20mm weapons were also available for close-range defence.
Armour protection was light, with a belt of just 2.1-inches and a thin armour deck of just 20mm to counter bombs and plunging shell fire.
The Ilmarinens were not suited to operations in open seas as their shallow draft and high profile gave them a tendency to roll, which made them unpopular with their crews. They were slow ships, with a top speed of just 16 knots and a limited range.
Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen had unexceptional wars. During the Winter War of 1939-40, both the Finnish navy and their Soviet counterparts saw little action due to the exceptionally bad weather that froze their battleground.
When the Germans launched Operation Barbarossa; the attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Finns sided with the Germans. Their rationale was to get back the territory they had lost during the Winter War and to protect themselves from further Soviet designs on their country.
Once again, the Finnish navy had only a limited role to play. Their biggest operation took place in September 1941 and cost them the Ilmarinen. The operation, in conjunction with German forces, was code-named, Nordwind and took place on the 13th September.
German troops attacked the Estonian islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and to assist the German attack, units of the Finnish navy and the Kriegsmarine were to provide diversions. For this the naval forces were split into three groups. Group I contained the two coastal defence ships, escorted by four patrol boats and were to operate north of the islands; Group II was to operate west of the islands and Group III to the south. The operation was badly planned as the Finns had no minesweepers available to protect their two largest ships.
Group I had completed their feint and were about to turn back for home when two mines exploded in close proximity under the flagship. Ilmarinen was doomed as power was lost and she began to take on water at an alarming rate. A minute after the explosions were triggered, the Ilmarinen capsized. The loss of the ship had also cost the lives of 271 officers and men.
Following this, Väinämöinen had a relatively quiet war, With no enemy ships to worry about (the Soviet navy was bottled up in defence of Leningrad), she was used to patrol the Gulf of Finland. After the war, the Soviets captured her and she was incorporated into the Soviet navy and renamed Vyborg.
Väinämöinen was scrapped in the 1966.
