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Partizani new Heroes and Leaders mod Expansion

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The Polish resistance movement in World War II, with the Polish Home Army at its forefront, was the largest underground resistance movement in all of occupied Europe, covering both German and Soviet zones of occupation. The Polish resistance is most notable for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front, providing military intelligence to the British, and for saving more Jewish lives in the Holocaust than any other Western Allied organization or government.
The first organization of the Polish resistance was the Służba Zwycięstwu Polski (Service of the Victory of Poland), created 27 of September of 1939, that is to say, days before the completion of the German occupation of the part of Poland. The largest of all Polish resistance organizations was the Armia Krajowa (Home Army, AK), loyal to the Polish government in exile in London. The AK was formed in 1942 from the Union for Armed Combat (Związek Walki Zbrojnej or ZWZ, itself created in 1939) and would eventually incorporate most other Polish armed resistance groups (except for the communists and some far-right groups). The AK counted in its ranks with about 400,000 members (both men and women), and its actions against the Germans in Poland were counted by tens of thousands, with numerous attacks on military bases, infrastructure and personnel of the German forces. In addition, they played an important role as an intelligence service: 43% of all reports received by British intelligence from continental Europe during the war came from the Polish resistance. They not only provided reports on the situation in Poland, but also in Germany.
The Cichociemni was an elite unit formed in the United Kingdom by more than three hundred Polish soldiers who had managed to reach Britain after the evacuation of Dunkirk. They were trained to do sabotage operations in Poland, where they were parachuted. Of the 316 Cichociemni released in the country, 103 died during the war in combat, executed or in accidents.
The most important operation of the AK was the “Akcja Burza” (Operation Tempest). This organization undertook a series of armed uprisings in several Polish cities in the summer of 1944. The most important was the Warsaw Uprising, which began on August 1st and would last two months, waiting for the Soviets to cross the Vistula River. Nevertheless, the Soviet forces stopped their advance before the Polish capital during that time, allowing to the Germans to put down completely the rebellion.
The Armia Krajowa was very weak after the Warsaw Uprising. Fate of the members of the AK after the Soviet occupation of Poland would be unfortunate. Some of the 60,000 AK members who had survived the war were detained by the Soviets.

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A war waged by a "regular" army has been defined as an attempt to take, hold, or deny terrain to an enemy. Irregularity is the great universal weakness of all resistance movements, and the Soviet movement was no exception. The partisans were irregular in almost every sense of the word. Because of the conditions under which they were formed they could never be integrated into the Red Army, and thus they could never be organized, equipped, trained, and controlled to the extent that they would ever approach the level of or be utilized as a "regular" force. The partisans never able to stand up against the regulars of the German Army even in areas and in circumstances of their own choosing, and they were able to "deny" only that terrain which was tactically unimportant to the Germans.
The Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against the Axis forces in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941–45 and eastern Finland. In 1941, the core of the partisan movement were the remains of the Red Army units destroyed in the first phase of Operation Barbarossa, personnel of destruction battalions, and the local Communist Party and Komsomol activists who chose to remain in Soviet-occupied prewar Poland. The activity emerged after the German Operation Barbarossa, and it was coordinated and controlled by the Soviet government and modelled on that of the Red Army. Soviet partisans also operated on Polish, Ukrainian and Baltic territories occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939–1940.
The most common unit of the period was a detachment. The first detachments commanded by Red Army officers and local Communist Party activists were formed in the first days of the war between former allies Germany and the Soviet Union. Some partisan detachments were parachuted into German-occupied territories in the summer of 1941. Urban underground groups were formed as a force complementing the activities of partisan units, operating in rural areas. The network of underground structures developed and received a steady influx of specially chosen party activists. By the end of 1941, more than 2,000 partisan detachments (with more than 90,000 personnel) operated in German-occupied territories.
In 1943 and 1944 the strength of the partisan movement lay in the following factors: The movement had a wealth of manpower available, manpower innately tough, frugal, and inured to hardship, and often intimately familiar with the area in which it operated; a majority of the Russian people were at least neutral, and these grew progressively more openly sympathetic as the war progressed; and the Wehrmacht, a seemingly irresistible force in 1941 and 1942, was, after Stalingrad, a losing army, sapped of much of its former strength, and attempting only to avoid defeat.

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In Italia the anti-Fascist movements cautiously revived in 1942 and 1943. The movement that rose among Italians of various social classes is also known as the Italian resistance and the Italian partisans. The Communists helped to organize strikes, the leading Roman Catholics formed the Christian Democratic Party in 1943, and the new Party of Action was founded in January 1943, mainly by republicans and Radicals. Leading Communists began to reenter Italy, and their party began to put down deep roots across the country. By this time most of the leading clandestine parties were more willing to work together to overthrow fascism. In March 1943 they signed an agreement to do so. The Italian resistance movement (La Resistenza italiana or just la Resistenza) is an umbrella term for Italian resistance groups during World War II. It was opposed to the forces of Germany as well as their puppet state local regime, the Italian Social Republic, especially following the German military occupation of Italy between September 1943 and April 1945. Partisans were fighting three types of war: a civil war against Italian Fascists, a war of national liberation against German occupation, and a class war against the ruling elites. After September 1943, partisan Resistance groups were active throughout northern and much of central Italy. Often they were former soldiers cut off from home and still in possession of their weapons. The Communist Party, although still very small in 1943 (about 5,000 members), led the largest group of partisans (at least 50,000 by summer 1944), drawing on years of experience in underground organization and on Yugoslav support. The partisan strength was at around 70,000-80,000 by May 1944. Some 41% in the Garibaldi Brigades and 29% were Actionists of the Giustizia e Libertà Brigades. One of the strongest units, the 8th Garibaldi Brigade, had 8,050 men (450 without arms) and operated in the Romagna area. The CLN mostly operated in the Alpine area, Apennine area and Po Valley of the RSI, and also in the German OZAK (the area northeast of the north end of the Adriatic Sea) and OZAV (Trentino and South Tyrol) zones. The Christian Democrats included roughly 20,000 partisans, and both Socialists and Liberals had significant armed bands in some areas. Partisans of different political persuasions normally worked together in local Committees of National Liberation (CLNs), which coordinated strategy, cooperated with the Allies, administered liberated areas, and appointed new officials. Above all, they organized the uprisings in the northern and central cities, including Milan in April 1945, which fell to the partisans before Allied troops arrived. In some cities the partisan liberation appeared to be a revolution—as in Genoa, Turin (where the Fiat factories were occupied), and Bologna—and red flags, Italian flags, and American flags greeted the “liberating” Allied troops. In all, about 200,000 partisans took part in the Resistance, and German or Fascist forces killed some 70,000 Italians (including both partisans and civilians) for Resistance activities.