Models of Naval Combat

Gary Grigsby's strategic level wargame covering the entire War in the Pacific from 1941 to 1945 or beyond.

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hawker
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by hawker »

As a point about the bismark I half remember somewhere reading that she had large passive sonar microphones on her hull which aided judging bearing information while the opposing ships were out of visual range

ie she heard POW & hood coming before she saw them

anyone care to comment

A) if major german warships had such equipment

B) they would help in any way

cheers Hipper

(an admiral who really knew how to blow up BC's)

of course

True. Bismarck has Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) Microphones on deck
The purpose of the Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) was to detect noise from submarines, surface ships and torpedoes. With the Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) it was possible to detect a vessel's engine type, propeller speed and course of vessel or torpedo.
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mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

With the Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) it was possible to detect a vessel's engine type, propeller speed and course of vessel or torpedo.


As long as the hydrophone was moving at 14 knots or slower, but not course and speed. Just revolutions, a gross estimate of relative bearing, and "closing the range" vs "opening the range." The capability that you describe was only available on Type XXI submarines. For those interested, the device would be Sonderapparat (SU-Apparat) – Nibelung. A directional active-passive sonar ranging system.

See: http://www.uboataces.com/hydrophones.shtml
The radioman could also tell if it was a merchantman or warship, but not the range, direction or speed it was moving.

Reason number 33J to ignore anything you might read at bismarck.net
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hawker
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by hawker »

As long as the hydrophone was moving at 14 knots or slower, but not course and speed. Just revolutions, a gross estimate of bearing, and "closing the range" vs "opening the range."

I dont know about 14 knots,where you find source for that?
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Kereguelen
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by Kereguelen »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl

IMO had Bismarck faced any two other UK capital ships in the Denmark Strait on that day she'd have been sunk or forced to return to Kiel. Bismarck's real luck can be said to be that she met up with the two UK capitol ships that were least ready for an engagement with any other capitol ship in the world (unless you include some of that Soviet or Turkish stuff).

You've probably forgotten about US capitol ships. Or how ready for engagement was the US Battle Fleet in 1941 (at least not very alert if one considers Pearl Harbour...).

Bah, how the POW scared off the Bismarck, funny musings (and I'm a Royal Navy fanboy).
mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

I dont know about 14 knots,where you find source for that?


To read a bearing and revolutions using the same set employed by Bismarck , Uboats had to move around 2 knots or less (see above link). I'm crediting Bismarck with 14 knots because I suspect in a calm to moderate sea and if not in action (firing guns) Bismarck's hydrophone operator would be able to hear a torpedo launched by an undetected submarine and give warning to the bridge (although probably could not easily get a good bearing on the torp... just "emergency turn to port" or that sort of thing).
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mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

You've probably forgotten about US capitol ships. Or how ready for engagement was the US Battle Fleet in 1941 (at least not very alert if one considers Pearl Harbour...).

? Which ones? In my opinion any of the modern US BBs in 1941 could have fought Hood and PoW in May 1941.

Yeah. Pearl Harbor. I'll add your comment to my "You might be an axis fanboy if..." series of observations.

AF Identification Manual Distinguishing Characteristic #12. You might be an "Axis Fanboy" if you really believe that a US ship standing down with half its crew on shore leave reasonably approximates its readiness for action if at sea under way and at action stations.
(and I'm a Royal Navy fanboy).

Suure you are. And I'm the Governor of California.
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Iridium
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by Iridium »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl
Suure you are. And I'm the Governor of California.

You should have made more Conan the Barbarian movies...they were the shizat.[:D]
Yamato, IMO the best looking Battleship.
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mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

Ya know, Sandahl Bergman was quite the dish in those days.
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hawker
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by hawker »

You've probably forgotten about US capitol ships. Or how ready for engagement was the US Battle Fleet in 1941 (at least not very alert if one considers Pearl Harbour...).

Bah, how the POW scared off the Bismarck, funny musings (and I'm a Royal Navy fanboy).

Very true,and i even didnt mention US BB fleet in 1941.
No US ship in 1941 are no match for Bismarck,not only in quality of ship but also in quality of crew.
Brittish ships are more capable to fight Bismarck in 1941 because of elite crew.
And for "fact" that Bismarck run away from POW,truth is that POW runs under cover of smoke shelter and Bismarck didnt pursue mainly because lack of fuel(1000 tons on fuel at fore section is not useable because of damage)
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mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

All of this seemed so familiar and now I know why. I'm conversing with the star of a Spike Jones ballad.

Anybody care to guess which one? [:D]
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herwin
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by herwin »

ORIGINAL: Hipper

As a point about the bismark I half remember somewhere reading that she had large passive sonar microphones on her hull which aided judging bearing information while the opposing ships were out of visual range

ie she heard POW & hood coming before she saw them

anyone care to comment

A) if major german warships had such equipment

B) they would help in any way

cheers Hipper

(an admiral who really knew how to blow up BC's)

of course


I don't know if they had the right equipment, but it does help. (I work with sonar-guided robots, and my coffee cup is -ah- interesting.)
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hawker
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by hawker »

Bismarck's commander, Captain Ernst Lindemann wanted to finish off the Prince of Wales. Lütjens realised that to pursue the Prince of Wales would be contrary to his standing orders to avoid any engagement with enemy naval units except those defending Allied convoys. He also had to consider that any pursuit could lead the German squadron closer to other British naval units that were undoubtedly on their way to intercept the Bismarck, risking the lives of his ships and crews on a venture that had been expressly forbidden.
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Kereguelen
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by Kereguelen »

ORIGINAL: mdiehl

? Which ones? In my opinion any of the modern US BBs in 1941 could have fought Hood and PoW in May 1941.

Yes, of course. They would have been a pushover for the experienced US crews.
ORIGINAL: mdiehl
Yeah. Pearl Harbor. I'll add your comment to my "You might be an axis fanboy if..." series of observations.

Completely wrong assumption.

ORIGINAL: mdiehl
AF Identification Manual Distinguishing Characteristic #12. You might be an "Axis Fanboy" if you really believe that a US ship standing down with half its crew on shore leave reasonably approximates its readiness for action if at sea under way and at action stations.

It tells at least something about the general state of readiness (or preparedness) of the USN in 1941. Only real facts we have in this regard!
ORIGINAL: mdiehl
(and I'm a Royal Navy fanboy).

Suure you are. And I'm the Governor of California.

For an Austrian citizen you're really an Allied fanboy!
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by ChezDaJez »

As long as the hydrophone was moving at 14 knots or slower, but not course and speed. Just revolutions

Actually if you know the target's turncount (revolutions) you know its speed within about 2-3 knots. Every ship has a turns-per-knot (TPK) value and every type of ship (DD, CA, BB, CV, etc) has a range of TPK values that can to be applied to it regardless of nationality. So even if the target is an unknown CA for example, its speed can be estimated pretty accurately.

You are correct that flow noise will greatly reduce passive sonar reception over 12-15 knots depending on design.

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canuck64
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by canuck64 »

wow. Some of you need to respond to the fact that a half-eaten sheep was found at the zoo. Hands up those who might have been involved.

As for the debate of "Bismark vs Iowa/Yamato/Hood/KGV, etc. etc.-I'm certain the only way to address it would be to put these immense sunk/mothballed/long dead pieces of metal, whose design philosophy was from WW1, in a huge zero-grav chamber and let them duke it out, round for round. I might add, we'd need the EXACT crew members from a given time or date, manning the ships' fire control, radar, direction finders and damage control teams.

Otherwise, all else is fog of war. Weather, surprise, human error, barometric pressure, wind gauge, wind speed, sea state, fuel, ammo, who had what for lunch, who recently had had positive sexual occurrences, etc-all would have a minute or massive bearing on the engagements.
Remember that this governs all 'what if' arguments....so if we go a round on Marciano vs Ali, or a Tiger vs a Pershing, or an Abrams, it should serve to keep the conversation less "ad hominem" as it has been my peril to observe in here, and more in keeping with light commentary/debate, because no one will emerge correct.

All else seems uncomfortably like comparing genitalia size, thru yet another inapropriate media.
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by el cid again »

As a point about the bismark I half remember somewhere reading that she had large passive sonar microphones on her hull which aided judging bearing information while the opposing ships were out of visual range

The sonar was superior. It worked at higher speeds than ours. We took the sonar from the Prinz as the basis for ours after the war. There is a nice picture in US Submarines Since 1945. They just surrounded a conning tower on a US sub to test it with the gigantic sonar!
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by el cid again »

As long as the hydrophone was moving at 14 knots or slower, but not course and speed. Just revolutions

GERMAN sonar worked at 20 knots! And turn count IS speed - virtually exact speed - if you know the target data. We were shocked when we got to play with the sonar on the Prinz - and it became one of ours.
mdiehl
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by mdiehl »

El Cid --

The device on Bismarck was not "Sonar." It was a passive acoustic listening device, not an active "echolocation" device. Acoustic devices then (not even German ones) could not operate at speed. (As you will verify if you read about the particular acoustic device that Bismarck used by clicking on the UBoat link that I provided. Uboats had the same listening device that Bismarck used).

The active pinging devices worked at higher speeds because the signal you would get from reflected sound was much stronger than the noise of a screw. Of course torpedoes are much louder than some distant ship or submerged boat, which is really why Bismarck had such a device installed -- it would be a waste to have a nice ship lost to some cheap submarine.

Whomever:
Yes, of course. They would have been a pushover for the experienced US crews.


That's not what I am saying. IMO the RN crews in a fully capable modern BB might beat a fully modern USN BB, in 1941, if it were the right RN BB. So Prince of Wales, assuming her guns were working as intended, might beat a North Carolina (but not a South Dakota because there was no way the 14" guns on a KGV were going to penetrate a SoDak's armor. Even the 15" on Bismarck were incapable of penetrating SoDak with an intact bursting charge.) And Hood was just not capable of standing up to the pounding from ANY BB. Not even some old clunker like USS Texas.

And while it is conventional wit to pretend that USN crews were green as grass, there is no wisdom behind the wit. As with all navies, crew "experience" was largely based on the experience of her commander, xo, officer complement, and time in service of crew. Some of those USN ships were likely staffed by crews far more experienced and better trained than Bismarck's. Of course, those would have been older boats like USS Pennsylvania, which for other reasons would have been an inferior opponent to a KGV or a Bismarck class ship.

The point is. PoW looks good on paper but in May 1941 she was not fit for combat duty as her chronic gun malfunctions in the Denmark Strait battle show. Prince of Wales, independent of anything Bismarck could do to her, went into the battle in effect as a "1 turrett battleship." Hood was basically a large cruiser with big guns -- wholly vulnerable to anything bigger than 11" rifle. So I maintain that any modern BB built after 1937 could have beaten these two particular ships (Hood and PoW) on that particular day. Everything changes if you posit a fully worked up Royal Navy BB, like King George V, or Rodney.
Completely wrong assumption.


No assumption was made at all. My point is that if a person deploys some straw man argument that in effect reads "Well, US ships could not have been very good at naval combat because a bunch of them were sunk by aircraft carriers in a harbor" then the person deploying such an argument in the context of a discussion comparing Bismarck to Allied BBs might be an Axis Fanboy.

Why would anyone who is (a) well informed, and (b) intellectually honest look at the results of a surprise attack on ships in port not at steam with incomplete crews and say "well, that means if these ships were at sea their crews would have been ineffective or less effective at doing the jobs for which they were trained?" The only reason I can see to make such a bizarre assertion is that the person making the argument is grasping at any absurd straw they can reach in lieu of making a rational comparison.
It tells at least something about the general state of readiness (or preparedness) of the USN in 1941. Only real facts we have in this regard!


It tells you something about the state of readiness in Pearl Harbor on 7 December. It hasn't a single thing to do with a discussion of relative combat capability if we assume that two ships are at sea and cleared for action. The only way the straw man argument makes any sense is if one imagines that in 1940, Bismarck under the pretext of a diplomatic tour, would sail into Chesapeake bay and sink the USS New York at her berth. If your assertion is merely that Bismarck (or some othe Axis ship) could sink any USN battleship of the day if the USN BB were anchored, did not have steam up, and had much of her crew on shore leave then I agree. But that doesn't have jack handy to do with a comparison of what the two ships might do to each other in a fight at sea.
For an Austrian citizen you're really an Allied fanboy!


Nope. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to read Tony Tully's BB comparison and compare its detail and quality to the "Bismarck is best" type arguments I have heard in this debate. Tully's analysis is detailed, thoughtful, logically presented, and thorough. Hawker's argument is empty rhetoric; it amounts to nothing more than "Are ve not der schupermen? Yes ve are der schupermen! Schuper Duper DUPERmen." (Apologies to Spike Jones may he RIP).
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by MkXIV »

ORIGINAL: Kereguelen

ORIGINAL: mdiehl
AF Identification Manual Distinguishing Characteristic #12. You might be an "Axis Fanboy" if you really believe that a US ship standing down with half its crew on shore leave reasonably approximates its readiness for action if at sea under way and at action stations.

It tells at least something about the general state of readiness (or preparedness) of the USN in 1941. Only real facts we have in this regard!

I have to agree with Mdiehl here you can not compare PH with an gun duel at sea. It isn't even apples and oragnes, it is more like Horses and Orangutans
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Ron Saueracker
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RE: Models of Naval Combat

Post by Ron Saueracker »

It's amazing how Bismarck is always popping up in here. Apparently I have a relative who died on the Seydlitz, another great ship, at the Dogger Bank, according to my uncle Killian anyway. Looking through the crew rosters I can't find any confirmation of this.
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