AE Land and AI Issues [OUTDATED]

[Montbrun]

From about 5 years ago:

Independent USMC and Navy Ground Formations
1941-1945
Last Revised 8/2/04

Amphibious Corps

Amphibious Corps, US Pacific Fleet – MG Clayton B. Vogel – activated 4/42 in San Diego.
I Marine Amphibious Corps – Amphibious Corps, US Pacific Fleet redesignated, 10/42 in San Diego, and deployed to SOPAC.
V Amphibious Corps - activated 8/25/43 in Hawaii for CENPAC.
III Amphibious Corps - I Marine Amphibious Corps redesignated, 4/15/44.

NOTES:
1) Technically, IIIAC controlled ground forces for 3rd Fleet, and VAC controlled ground forces for 5th Fleet.

Amphibious Corps Artillery Assets

1st 155mm Artillery Battalion – 12 x 155mm Howitzer - Organized 12/11/42 in NZ for IMAC.
2nd 155mm Artillery Battalion – 12 x 155mm Gun - Organized 8/1/43 in NZ for IMAC.

These two units were redesignated 1st 155mm Howitzer Battalion and 7th 155mm Gun Battalion on 4/15/44 with the formation of the following units:

1st 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 4/15/44 on Guadalcanal.
2nd 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 4/16/44 in Hawaii.
3rd 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 5/7/44 on Guadalcanal.
4th 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 5/7/44 in Hawaii.
5th 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 7/10/44 in Hawaii.
6th 155mm Howitzer Battalion - 12 x 155mm Howitzer – Organized 10/26/44 on Guadalcanal.
7th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 4/13/44 on Guadalcanal.
8th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 5/15/44 on Guadalcanal.
9th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 4/13/44 on Guadalcanal.
10th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 4/16/44 in Hawaii.
11th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 3/15/44 in Hawaii.
12th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 4/16/44 in Hawaii.(Redesignated 5th Howitzer
Battalion 7/10/44.)
12th 155mm Gun Battalion - 12 x 155mm Gun – Organized 7/21/44 in Hawaii.

NOTES:
1) Ultimately, the IIIAC controlled the 1st, 3rd, and 6th 155mm Howitzer Battalions, and the 7th, 8th, and 9th 155mm Gun Battalions; and VAC controlled the 2nd, 4th, and 5th 155mm Howitzer Battalions, and the 10th, 11th, and 12th 155mm Gun Battalions.

TOTAL:
IIIAC Corps Artillery – 36 x 155mm Howitzer, 36 x 155mm Gun
VAC Corps Artillery – 36 x 155mm Howitzer, 36 x 155mm Gun

USMC Raider Battalions

1st Raider Battalion – 1/42
HQ Company – 2 x .30” LMG, 4 x .55” ATR
Communications Platoon
Quartermaster and Motor Transport Platoon
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 8 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 3 x 60mm Mortar

2nd Raider Battalion – 2/42
HQ and Service Company
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 6 x Squads, 3 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar

Raider Battalion – After 9/42
HQ Company – 2 x .30” LMG, 4 x .55” ATR
Communications Platoon
Quartermaster and Motor Transport Platoon
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Raider Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 2 x 60mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 8 x .30” LMG, 2 x .55” ATR, 3 x 60mm Mortar

TOTAL – 36 USMC Raider Squads, Support

NOTES:
1) 1 APD should = 1 Company in load costs. Battalion sealift should = 6 APDs.
2) 1st Raider Battalion – activated 1/6/42 in Quantico, VA as “1st Separate Battalion.” Redesignated
1st Raider Battalion 2/16/42. Disbanded 2/1/44 at Guadalcanal (became 1st Bn., 4th Marines).
3) 2nd Raider Battalion – activated 2/4/42 in San Diego, CA as “2nd Separate Battalion.” Redesignated
2nd Raider Battalion 2/19/42. Disbanded 1/31/44 at Guadalcanal (integrated into 4th Marines).
4) 3rd Raider Battalion – activated 9/20/42 in Samoa. Disbanded 2/1/44 at Guadalcanal (became 3rd Bn., 4th Marines).
5) 4th Raider Battalion – activated 10/23/42 in Camp Linda Vista. Disbanded 2/1/44 at Guadalcanal (became 2nd Bn., 4th Marines).

USMC Parachute Battalions

Parachute Battalion
HQ Company – 6 x .30” LMG
Demolition Platoon
Parachute Company – 9 x Squads, 27 x .30” LMG, 3 x 2.36” “Bazooka,” 3 x 60mm Mortar
Parachute Company – 9 x Squads, 27 x .30” LMG, 3 x 2.36” “Bazooka,” 3 x 60mm Mortar
Parachute Company – 9 x Squads, 27 x .30” LMG, 3 x 2.36” “Bazooka,” 3 x 60mm Mortar

TOTAL – 27 USMC Squads, Support

NOTES:
1) 1st Parachute Battalion – activated 8/15/41 in Quantico, VA. Disbanded 2/29/44 at San Diego, CA.
2) 2nd Parachute Battalion – activated 10/1/41 in San Diego, CA. Disbanded 2/29/44 at San Diego, CA.
3) 3rd Parachute Battalion – activated 9/16/42 in San Diego, CA. Disbanded 2/29/44 at San Diego, CA.
4) 4th Parachute Battalion – activated 7/1/43 at Camp Lejeune. Disbanded 1/19/44 at San Diego, CA.
5) All Parachute Battalions were used as cadres to create the 5th Marine Division.

USMC Defense Battalions and AAA Battalions

Defense Battalion – “Typical” 1939-1942 – 10/41 T/O (1st – 16th DBs)
HQ and Service Battery – 6 x Searchlight, 6 x Sound Locators
Coast Defense Group – 6 x 5” Mk 15 Guns
Antiaircraft Group – 12 x 3” M3 AA Guns, 48 x .30” HMG, 48 x .50” AA MG

Defense Battalion – Standardized Late 1943
HQ and Service Battery
Searchlight Battery – Searchlights + 1-2 x SCR270
Light Tank Platoon – 5-8 x M5 Light Tanks - (4th, 6th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 51st Defense Battalions only)
Provisional Infantry Company – 9 x Squads, 2 x 60mm Mortar, 2 x 81mm Mortar - (1st, 5th, 6th, 7th, 16th,
and 51st Defense Battalions only)
Seacoast Artillery Group – 8 x 155mm Guns
Antiaircraft Group – 16 x 90mm AA Gun,
Light Antiaircraft Group – 6 x 40mm AA Gun, 12 x 20mm AA Gun

USMC Defense Battalion Dispositions – 12/7/41:

1st Defense Battalion
Pearl Harbor – HQ + Detachment – 10 x 5” Guns, 8 x 3” AA Guns, 50 x .50” AA MG, 50 x .30” HMG
Wake Island Detachment - 6 x 5” Guns, 12 x 3” AA Guns, 18 x .50” AA MG, 30 x .30” HMG
Johnston Island Detachment -2 x 5” Guns, 4 x 3” AA Guns, 8 x .50” AA MG, 8 x .30” HMG
Palmyra Island Detachment - 4 x 5” Guns, 4 x 3” AA Guns, 8 x .50” AA MG, 8 x .30” HMG

3rd Defense Battalion – Pearl Harbor

2nd Defense Battalion – San Diego

4th Defense Battalion – Pearl Harbor

6th Defense Battalion – Midway

7th Defense Battalion – American Samoa

NOTES:
1) Activations:
1st Defense Battalion – Activated 11/1/39 in San Diego – redesignated 1st AAA Battalion 5/7/44.
2nd Defense Battalion – Activated 3/1/40 in San Diego – redesignated 2nd AAA Battalion 4/16/44.
3rd Defense Battalion – Activated 10/10/39 at Parris Island – redesignated 3rd AAA Battalion 5/7/44.
4th Defense Battalion – Activated 2/1/40 at Parris Island – redesignated 4th AAA Battalion 5/15/44.
5th Defense Battalion – Activated 12/1/40 at Parris Island – redesignated 5th AAA Battalion 5/7/44.
6th Defense Battalion – Activated 3/1/41 at San Diego – redesignated Marine Base, Midway Island 2/1/46.
7th Defense Battalion – Activated 12/16/40 at San Diego – redesignated 7th AAA Battalion 4/16/44.
8th Defense Battalion – Activated 4/1/42 on Samoa – redesignated 8th AAA Battalion 4/16/44.
9th Defense Battalion – Activated 2/1/42 at Parris Island – redesignated 9th AAA Battalion 9/1/44.
10th Defense Battalion – Activated 6/1/42 at San Diego – redesignated 10th AAA Battalion 5/7/44.
11th Defense Battalion – Activated 2/1/42 at Parris Island – redesignated 11th AAA Battalion 9/1/44.
12th Defense Battalion – Activated 8/1/42 at San Diego – redesignated 12th AAA Battalion 6/15/44.
13th Defense Battalion – Activated 9/25/42 at Guantanamo Bay – redesignated 13th AAA Battalion 4/15/44. (No Pacific Service)
14th Defense Battalion – Activated 1/15/43 at Tulagi – redesignated 14th AAA Battalion 9/1/44.
15th Defense Battalion – Activated 1/1/43 at Pearl Harbor – redesignated 15th AAA Battalion 5/7/44.
16th Defense Battalion – Activated 11/10/42 on Johnston Island – redesignated 16th AAA Battalion 4/19/44.
17th Defense Battalion – Activated 3/22/44 at Kauai – redesignated 17th AAA Battalion 4/19/44.
18th Defense Battalion – Activated 10/1/43 at New River – redesignated 17th AAA Battalion 4/19/44.
51st Defense Battalion (Cld) – Activated 8/18/42 at New River – disbanded 1/31/46.
52nd Defense Battalion (Cld) – Activated 12/15/43 at New River – (redesignated 3rd AAA Battalion 5/15/46).
2) The transformation to AAA Battalions was accomplished be removing the Defense Battalion’s Seacoast Artillery Group, and assigning these guns to the newly formed Amphibious Corps Artillery Assets. The new AAA Battalion organization consisted of 16 x 90mm AA Gun, 12 x 40mm AA Gun, 12 x 20mm AA Gun, and 12 x Searchlights per AAA Battalion.
3) The 16th – 18th, and 51st – 52nd Defense Battalions were not engaged in combat.

Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalions

Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion
HQ Company
Armored Amphibian Tractor Company – 18 x LVT(A)1
Armored Amphibian Tractor Company – 18 x LVT(A)1
Armored Amphibian Tractor Company – 18 x LVT(A)1
Armored Amphibian Tractor Company – 18 x LVT(A)1

TOTAL – 72 x LVT(A)1 [or later LVT(A)4]

NOTES:
1) The 1st Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion was activated on 8/20/43, and served as a IIIAC unit.
2) The 2nd Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion was activated on 1/24/44, and served as a VAC unit.
3) The 3rd Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion was activated on 7/13/44 in the Russell Islands, and served as a IIIAC unit until 8/1/45, when it was converted to the 20th Amphibian Truck Battalion.
4) There also existed the 1st-6th, and 8th-11th Amphibian Tractor Battalions. The 1st-5th were intristic Marine Division units until the 5/5/44 “F-100” Series T/O. These units were not armored, and used primarily for the movement of troops, gear and supplies to shore.

Aviation Engineer Battalions

1st Aviation Engineer Battalion/1st Separate Engineer Battalion
HQ Company
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads

2nd Aviation Engineer Battalion/2nd Separate Engineer Battalion
HQ Company
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads

NOTES:
1) The 1st Aviation Engineer Battalion was activated on 5/1/42 at New River.
2) The 2nd Aviation Engineer Battalion was activated on 5/8/42 at Camp Elliot.
3) Both battalions were redesignated 1st and 2nd Separate Engineer Battalions on 5/1/44. The 1st was assigned to IIIAC, and the 2nd was assigned to VAC as corps assets.
4) These units were initially lightly equipped to be airlifted to captured airfields. Upon redesignation as Separate Engineer Battalions, these units were provided with heavier equipment.

Naval Construction Battalions – “Seabees”

Naval Construction Battalion – “Typical” T/O Structure
HQ Company
Naval Construction Company
HQ
Maintenance and Operations Platoon
Construction Platoon
Construction Platoon
Road Blasting and Excavation Platoon
Waterfront Platoon
Tanks, Steel, and Pipes Platoon
Naval Construction Company
HQ
Maintenance and Operations Platoon
Construction Platoon
Construction Platoon
Road Blasting and Excavation Platoon
Waterfront Platoon
Tanks, Steel, and Pipes Platoon
Naval Construction Company
HQ
Maintenance and Operations Platoon
Construction Platoon
Construction Platoon
Road Blasting and Excavation Platoon
Waterfront Platoon
Tanks, Steel, and Pipes Platoon

USMC Divisions
1941-1945

Marine Division - Pre-War 3/28/41 T/O

Divisional HQ
Signal Company
Guard Company
Scout Company – 12 x M3 Scout cars

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 12 x .50” AAMG, 12 x .50” ATMG, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 48 x .30” HMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 24 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .50” ATMG,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 12 x .50” AAMG, 12 x .50” ATMG, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 48 x .30” HMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 24 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .50” ATMG,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 16 x .30” HMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x .50” AAMG, 4 x .50” ATMG,
4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 12 x .50” AAMG, 12 x .50” ATMG, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 48 x .30” HMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 24 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .50” ATMG,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 2 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 2 x 4.2” Mortar

Engineer Battalion
HQ Company
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads
Engineer Company – 9 x Squads

TOTAL – 36 x USMC Engineer Squads

Light Tank Battalion
HQ Company
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Maintenance Company

TOTAL - 72 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank

Weapons Battalion
HQ Battery
AAMG Battery – 12 x .50” AAMG
AT Battery – 6 x 37mm ATG
Gun Battery – 4 x 75mm Gun
Chemical Mortar Battery – 4 x 4.2” Mortar

TOTAL – 12 x .50” AAMG, 6 x 37mm ATG, 4 x 75mm Gun, 4 x 4.2” Mortar

Service Battalion
HQ Company
Maintenance Company
Service Company
Motor Transport Company

Medical Battalion
HQ Company
Medical Company
Medical Company
Medical Company

Artillery Regiment
HQ Battery
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
155mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 155mm Howitzer

TOTAL – 36 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 12 x 155mm Howitzer

WitP Terms

243 x USMC Squads, 36 x USMC Engineer Squads, 72 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank, 12 x M3 Scout Cars, 36 x 81mm Mortar, 10 x 4.2” Mortar, 6x 37mm AT Gun, 46 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 12 x 155mm Howitzer (+ Support)

Marine Division - D-100 Series T/O – 7/1/42

Divisional HQ
HQ Battalion – HQ Company, Signal Company, and MP Company

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 18 x 20mm AA Gun, 6 x .50” AAMG

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 12 x .50” AAMG, 72 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 18 x 60mm Mortar,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 18 x 20mm AA, 12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 18 x 20mm AA Gun, 6 x .50” AAMG

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 12 x .50” AAMG, 72 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 18 x 60mm Mortar,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 18 x 20mm AA, 12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 2 x .50” AAMG, 24 x .30” HMG, 6 x .30” LMG, 6 x 60mm Mortar,
4 x 37mm AT, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 18 x 20mm AA Gun, 6 x .50” AAMG

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 12 x .50” AAMG, 72 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 18 x 60mm Mortar,
12 x 81mm Mortar, 18 x 20mm AA, 12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Engineer Regiment
HQ Company
Engineer Battalion – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads (incl. 24 Flamethrowers)
(Pioneer Battalion – 27 x Squads [Support])
(Naval Construction Battalion – 27 Squads)

TOTAL – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads

Special Troops
Special Weapons Battalion – 18 x 37mm SPAT Gun, 6 x 75mm SPAT, 16 x 40mm AA, 6 x 90mm AA
(Parachute Battalion – 27 x Parachute Squads, 9 x 2.36” Bazooka, 9 x 60mm Mortar)
Light Tank Battalion - 72 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
HQ Company and Service Company
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank
Scout Company – (14 x M3A1 Scout Car – not used in combat) 9 x Squads (in jeeps)

TOTAL - 72 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank, 9 x Squads, 6 x 75mm SPAT, 18 x 37mm SPAT Gun,
16 x 40mm AA, 6 x 90mm AA

Service Troops – (Divisional HQ units came under Service Troop command)
Service Battalion – HQ Company, Service and Supply Company, Ordinance Company, Division Transport
Company, 3 x Regimental Transport Company
Medical Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 5 x Medical Companies
Amphibian Tractor Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 3 x Amphibian Tractor Companies

Artillery Regiment
HQ Battery
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer

TOTAL – 36 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 12 x 105mm Howitzer

WitP Terms

252 x USMC Squads, 27 x USMC Engineer Squads, 72 x M2A1 or M3 Light Tank, 12 x 75mm SPAT,
18 x 37mm SPAT, 36 x 37mm AT Gun, 36 x 81mm Mortar, 18 x 20mm AA, 16 x 40mm AA,
6 x 90mm AA, 36 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 12 x 105mm Howitzer (+ Support)

Marine Division - E-100 Series T/O – 4/15/43

Divisional HQ
HQ Battalion – HQ Company, Signal Company, and MP Company

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 36 x .30” HMG, 9 x .30” LMG, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 36 x .30” HMG, 9 x .30” LMG, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 12 x .30” HMG, 3 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 2 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 36 x .30” HMG, 9 x .30” LMG, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 2 x 75mm SPAT

Engineer Regiment
HQ Company
Engineer Battalion – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads (incl. 24 Flamethrowers)
(Pioneer Battalion – 27 x Squads [Support])
(Naval Construction Battalion – 27 Squads)

TOTAL – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads

Special Troops
Special Weapons Battalion – 18 x 37mm AT Gun, 6 x 75mm SPAT, 16 x 40mm AA
Light Tank Battalion - 54 x M3 or M5 Light Tank
HQ Company and Service Company
Tank Company – 18 x M3 or M5 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M3 or M5 Light Tank
Tank Company – 18 x M3 or M5 Light Tank
Scout Company – 9 x Squads (in jeeps)

TOTAL - 54 x M3 or M5 Light Tank, 9 x Squads, 6 x 75mm SPAT, 18 x 37mm AT Gun, 16 x 40mm AA

Service Troops – (Divisional HQ units came under Service Troop command)
Service Battalion – HQ Company, Service and Supply Company, Ordinance Company
Motor Transport Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 3 x Transport Companies
Medical Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 5 x Medical Companies
Amphibian Tractor Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 3 x Amphibian Tractor Companies

Artillery Regiment
HQ Battery
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
(155mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 155mm Howitzer – 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions)

TOTAL – 36 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 24 x 105mm Howitzer [or 12 x 105mm Howitzer and 12 x 155mm Howitzer]

WitP Terms

252 x USMC Squads, 27 x USMC Engineer Squads, 54 x M3 or M5 Light Tank, 12 x 75mm SPAT,
54 x 37mm AT Gun, 36 x 81mm Mortar, 16 x 40mm AA, 36 x 75mm Pack Howitzer,
24 x 105mm Howitzer [or 12 x 105mm Howitzer and 12 x 155mm Howitzer] (+ Support)

Marine Division - F-100 Series T/O – 5/5/44

Divisional HQ
HQ Battalion – HQ Company, Signal Company, and MP Company, Assault Signal Company
Reconnaissance Company – 9 x Squads

TOTAL – 9 x Squads

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 54 x .30” HMG, 54 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 54 x .30” HMG, 54 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 75mm SPAT

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 18 x .30” LMG, 9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 75mm SPAT, 12 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 54 x .30” HMG, 54 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar,
12 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 75mm SPAT

Engineer Battalion – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads

[Pioneer Battalion – 27 x Squads (Support)]

Tank Battalion
HQ Company and Service Company – 1 x M4 Sherman
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman

TOTAL – 46 x M4 Sherman

Service Troops
Service Battalion – HQ Company, Service and Supply Company, Ordinance Company
Motor Transport Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 3 x Transport Companies
Medical Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 5 x Medical Companies

Artillery Regiment
HQ Battery
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
75mm Pack Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 75mm Pack Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer

TOTAL – 24 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 24 x 105mm Howitzer

WitP Terms

252 x USMC Squads, 27 x USMC Engineer Squads, 46 x M4 Sherman, 12 x 75mm SPAT,
36 x 37mm AT Gun, 36 x 81mm Mortar, 24 x 75mm Pack Howitzer, 24 x 105mm Howitzer (+ Support)

Marine Division - G-100 Series T/O – 9/4/45

Divisional HQ
HQ Battalion – HQ Company, Signal Company, and MP Company, Assault Signal Company, War Dog Platoon
Rocket Platoon - 12 x 4.5” SP RL
Reconnaissance Company – 9 x Squads

TOTAL – 9 x Squads, 12 x 4.5” SP RL

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer, 8 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 9 x USMC Engineer Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 24 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar, 8 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer, 8 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 9 x USMC Engineer Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 24 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar, 8 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer

Marine Regiment
HQ Company
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Infantry Battalion – 27 x Squads, 3 x USMC Engineer Squads, 6 x .30” HMG, 8 x .30” LMG,
9 x 60mm Mortar, 4 x 81mm Mortar
Weapons Company – 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer, 8 x 37mm AT Gun

TOTAL – 81x Squads, 9 x USMC Engineer Squads, 18 x .30” HMG, 24 x .30” LMG, 27 x 60mm Mortar, 12 x 81mm Mortar, 8 x 37mm AT Gun, 4 x 105mm SP Howitzer

Engineer Battalion – 27 x USMC Engineer Squads

[Pioneer Battalion – 27 x Squads (Support)]

Tank Battalion
HQ Company and Service Company – 1 x M4 Sherman, 9 x M4 Flame Tanks
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman
Tank Company – 15 x M4 Sherman

TOTAL – 46 x M4 Sherman, 9 x M4 Flame Tanks

Service Troops
Service Battalion – HQ Company, Service Company, Supply Company, Ordinance Company
Motor Transport Battalion - HQ and Service Company, Automotive Repair Company, Amphibian Truck
Company, 4 x Transport Companies
Medical Battalion - HQ and Service Company, 5 x Medical Companies

Artillery Regiment
HQ Battery
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
105mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 105mm Howitzer
155mm Howitzer Battalion – 12 x 155mm Howitzer

TOTAL – 24 x 105mm Howitzer, 24 x 155mm Howitzer

SOURCES:

Anon., “Building the Navy’s Bases in World War II,” 2 Volumes, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1947.

Arthur, Robert A., et al, “The Third Marine Division,” Infantry Journal Press, Washington, DC, 1948.

Cass, Bevan G., “History of the Sixth Marine Division,” Infantry Journal Press, Washington, DC, 1948.

Castillo, Edmund L., “Seabees of World War II,” Random House, New York, NY, 1963.

Conner, Howard M., “The Spearhead – The World War II History of the 5th Marine Division,” Infantry Journal Press, Washington, DC, 1950.

Hough, Frank C., et al, “History of US Marine Corps Operations in World War II,” 5 Volumes, The Battery Press, Inc., Nashville, TN, 1993. (Reprint)

Huie, William Bradford, “Can Do! – The Story of the Seabees,” E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., New York, NY, 1944.

Johnston, Richard W., “Follow Me! - The Story of the Second Marine Division in World War II,” Random House, New York, NY, 1948.

Madej, W. Victor, “US Army and Marine Corps Order of Battle – Pacific Theater of Operations 1941-1945.” 2 Volumes, Game Publishing Co., Allentown, PA, 1984.

McMillan, George, “The Old Breed – A History of the First Marine Division in World War II,” Infantry Journal Press, Washington, DC, 1949.

Melson, Charles D., “Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II,” US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Proehl, Carl W., “The Fourth Marine Division in World War II,” Infantry Journal Press, Washington, DC, 1946.

Rottman, Gordon L., “US Marine Corps Order of Battle – Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939-1945,” Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT, 2002.

Rottman, Gordon L., “US Marine Corps World War II Divisions, Brigades, and Regiments,” Brown Mouse Publishing Co., DeRidder, LA, 1995.

Updegraph, Charles L., Jr., “US Marine Corps Special Units of World War II,” History and Museums Division, Headquarters, US Marine Corps, Washington, DC, 1977.

Wyatt, George W., “Super Breed – A Journal of the First Marine Engineers, Pioneers, and Seabees,” Wyatt Publishing Co., Inc., Tulsa, OK, 1990

[kmussler]

That's great information, Brad.  Thanks for sharing it.   I know my dad's unit, the 9th DB was first attached to the 1st Division at Guadalcanal, getting a Presidential Unit Citation along with the Division for its work in the Solomons.  Their job was to defend the coast area protecting the new fighter strip just east of Henderson Field.  Dad reported they once got a shot at a Jap sub.  One of his personal duties was guarding Adm. Haley's tent, when he came to visit.  When the unit left the island, they exchanged their old, worn 155's for brand new ones from a newly arrived army unit.   Then they were attached to an army corps (XIV) command for New Georgia.  Dad was in the battalion band, which was reserve infantry, but somehow he ended up in the first wave on Rendova, a tasking order screw up.  On Rendova, their AAA shot down 13 Jap planes with only 88 rounds of ammo in a single raid, considered a 'world record' for AA effeciency. Their 155s were used to shoot across the narrow strait to Munda.  The 9th tanks, along with those of the 10th and 11th DBs helped the army breakthrough the Japanese defensive line to end the campaign.  Then in 1944, they became part of the 1st Provisional Brigade, III Amphibious Corps for the Guam attack.  After Guam was captured, dad was sent on a number of patrols into the jungle.  As the 'property sgt', he upgunned his patrol by giving them Thompsons, very effective in the jungle.  He left Guam for the states in the fall of 1944, arriving in San Fran. on New Years Eve.  There is a plaque to the 9th at Parris Island. Just one guy's story.  Hope it wsan't boring.  Thanks again for the info.

Kurt

[stuman]

I apologize if this has been asked before, but how do antiaircraft units help in land defense , or rather do they help in any direct way ?

[Andy Mac]

OK Guys from this point on this sticky thread will capture OOB and AI issues

This is the ONLY thread I will gather data from so if you find something and want it reported this is the place to do it !!!!

[Andy Mac]

I will start the ball rolling

Scen 1, 2 and 6 missing device 918 and 919 that makwe the Indian Frontier Bdes static.

[bsq]

No late war British Cruiser tanks - once the Comet Cruiser was issued, it is unlikely the crews would have been asked to revert to M4's of any flavour given that the Comet was probably the best late war tank in its class.

Additionally no late war British Infantry tanks, Brits used tanks in 2 clearly defined roles, unlike the US Army that used used Tank Destroyers in the role that the Brits used 'Cruisers', using the slower, more heavily armoured infantry tanks in support of the infantry.

[Andy Mac]

Deliberate Comets and other modern tanks were kept to watch the Russians in Europe as US was transferrign forces to Pac
 
Plus there is a Churchill VII upgrade for CW Armoured Units starting to arrive 9/45

[herwin]

ORIGINAL: bsq

No late war British Cruiser tanks - once the Comet Cruiser was issued, it is unlikely the crews would have been asked to revert to M4's of any flavour given that the Comet was probably the best late war tank in its class.

Additionally no late war British Infantry tanks, Brits used tanks in 2 clearly defined roles, unlike the US Army that used used Tank Destroyers in the role that the Brits used 'Cruisers', using the slower, more heavily armoured infantry tanks in support of the infantry.

The British cruiser tanks were highly unreliable. Britain did not have a mass automotive industry, and didn't design civilian vehicles for off-road use. Hence their tanks were a pile of junk.

[Andy Mac]

Not entirely true Herwin.
 
The Comet/Challenger and just post war Centurion were all good tanks
 
It took them a while to get there but eventually they were producing good AFV's

[Andy Mac]

And actually the Cromwell wasnt to bad either

[DuckofTindalos]

Not bad at all. Certainly on a par with the Pz IV.

[RAM]

Question about the ground combat.

I'm in guadalcanal scenario. So far I had no problems keeping the japanese at bay in the trail between PM and Buna, the australian 30th brigade giving the japanese troops trying to avance to Port Moresby a rough time.

But suddenly, I find out that the japanese have moved into PM. the Yokotama Tai (infantry unit) and Horii Group (HQ) have moved in there, while the 144th infantry regiment, one engineer regiment and one artillery unit are still fighting my australian unit in the trail between PM and Buna.

It is August 26 1942, so I doubt any flanking through the northern hex has happened, so the Yokotama tai and Horii group must have moved through the hex the 30th australian brigade is defending...I have to assume that the hexside between PM and the 30th brigade is allied, and so the japanese shouldn't have reached PM...

I thought that couldn't happen?. Am I wrong, and missed something in the land mechanics?

[John Lansford]

The Marine Defense Battalion on Midway at the start of the campaign game has too many heavy CD guns.  There's a battery of 7" CD guns shown on the TO&E for that unit, and IIRC there's also 12 5" guns too. 
 
Also Singapore Fortress is shown to have 15" guns but no 8" guns; weren't some of the smaller ones moved to other islands after the Japanese captured the base?

[Andy Mac]

RAM can you send a save please
 
a.mcphie@btinternet.com
 
It may be a scen start up issue they should not be able to move through and we tested this a lot and they cannot so I will need to have a look

[Andy Mac]

John sorry are you saying Singapore has to many or to few guns ??

[treespider]

ORIGINAL: RAM

Question about the ground combat.

I'm in guadalcanal scenario. So far I had no problems keeping the japanese at bay in the trail between PM and Buna, the australian 30th brigade giving the japanese troops trying to avance to Port Moresby a rough time.

But suddenly, I find out that the japanese have moved into PM. the Yokotama Tai (infantry unit) and Horii Group (HQ) have moved in there, while the 144th infantry regiment, one engineer regiment and one artillery unit are still fighting my australian unit in the trail between PM and Buna.

It is August 26 1942, so I doubt any flanking through the northern hex has happened, so the Yokotama tai and Horii group must have moved through the hex the 30th australian brigade is defending...I have to assume that the hexside between PM and the 30th brigade is allied, and so the japanese shouldn't have reached PM...

I thought that couldn't happen?. Am I wrong, and missed something in the land mechanics?

I haven't looked at that scenario...however if units from both sides start the scenario in the same hex...then neither side is given control of any of the hexsides in the hex.

This could be what happened in this situation.

[treespider]

One of the Japanese Infantry regiments in Korea...I cannot recall the name at the moment (at the office)...has 108 5.5 guns instead of squads...

I keep seeing 3325 in my recollection...but I could be wrong...I'll double check this evening unless someone beats me to it.

[herwin]

ORIGINAL: Andy Mac

Not entirely true Herwin.

The Comet/Challenger and just post war Centurion were all good tanks

It took them a while to get there but eventually they were producing good AFV's

We used to say that nothing could beat a Chieftain if it happened to break down in a good firing position. The problem was neither the protection or the fire control; the power train was underengineered. Back when I was working on my math PhD--the one I didn't complete--I learned about English power train engineering excellence. Diane and I bought an Austin America (a.k.a. the 'gumdrop'). It was cheap, and the transmission wore out every 14000 miles. The third time we had to rebuild it, we bought an Audi.

True story: after I bailed out on the math PhD and went to work for TRW, we lived in Redondo Beach, just south of Watts. One hot July day we decided to drive the gumdrop up to Mount Wilson. Coming back, it started back-firing, and we back-fired our way through Watts. Not a good place to be doing that! When we took the car in to find out what had happened, the mechanic discovered the glue that held the points on the rotor had melted. Apparently the English engineers who designed the gumdrop hadn't realised how high or hot the conditions were that it would have to deal with in North America.

The British Army is currently afflicted with a shortage of helicopters in Afghanistan. The ones the British Government bought for them can't deal with the heat or the altitude.

My point? The Comet, Challenger, and Centurion all had under-engineered power trains. Sure they were good tanks, as long as they broke down in a good firing position.

[Mike Solli]

ORIGINAL: treespider

One of the Japanese Infantry regiments in Korea...I cannot recall the name at the moment (at the office)...has 108 5.5 guns instead of squads...

I keep seeing 3325 in my recollection...but I could be wrong...I'll double check this evening unless someone beats me to it.

Ooh, I like it. [;)] [:D]

[lazydawg]

For those who may not have read the thread "Where's My Radar"; there is a database typo that gives the wrong availability data for the SCR-270 radar (Device ID 1191).