Production options

Gary Grigsby's strategic level wargame covering the entire War in the Pacific from 1941 to 1945 or beyond.

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Adnan Meshuggi
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Post by Adnan Meshuggi »

Originally posted by mdiehl
"(i think, it could have been possible, because the brits were really hated by the indians - well after the japanese are in india, they had changed their opinion quickly..)"

What you think is becoming less relevant to me with every post.

The idea of a pan-Indian uprising in support of the Japanese is pure fantasy. A more careful and considered examination of Indian social and economic structure in 1942 would show that the vast majority of Indians could not give a hoot about the British or the Japanese. The military castes, who are the most important ones vis a vis control, were for the most part staunchly pro-British. The Brahmin castes were somewhat divided on the issue, being (1) the benefittors of British control in the basic colonial/imperialist regime of economic extraction, and (2) educated, and therefore acutely aware of the pervasive sneer inherent in all things having to do with the British classist system. Few of the Brahmins harbored an interest in Japanese occupation, which they correctly assumed would lead to the replacement of an incredibly condescending and exploitive and intermittently brutal regime, with a systematically brutal, genocidal, condescending and racist regime. Everyone in India knew what was forthcoming from the well-known tribulations suffered by the Chinese in 1937-1941. It was a serious point of contention among the Brahmin castes. Gandhi's opinion (and he was by far the most inluential of the anti-British cohort) was that neutrality was advisable. Most Brahmins were siding with the Brits, because (with the outbreak of the Paicifc War), the UK admin suddenly had much greater cause to cater to their demands.

The other comments about the Indian campaign that I made stand as points of military consideration that Japan would have to solve. Whether you like 'em or not does not concern me. Whether an "invade India" option *demands* that the Japanese player come up with believable solutions to these problems does concern me.

I no longer care about your opinioin of the P40 or the F4F and I'm not interested in detailing, again, the overwhelming evidence against you. You've got no basis in casualty figures or performance stats to support your opinion. You're just wrong. That's what I meant when I suggested that all opionions are not equal. When you can articulate a basis for evaluating whether or not a particalur plane-pilot combination was (a) inferior to, (b) as good as, or (c) better than some opponent's plane pilot combination, let me know. At least there will be some basis for evaluating your claims.

You're right, Tirpitz was available in Jaunary 1942. Other than causing the UK a general sense of anxiety, she seems not to have accomplished very much in her career. Despite Tirpitz, the UK battle plan envisioned sending 8 old BBs and 3 fleet CVs to Eastern Fleet by mid 1942. That would still have left them with several fast BBs to smack down Tirpitz, and that would have been enough to do the job *with ease.* In the end, the deployments to Eastern Fleet were retarded by the Med and North African campaigns. I've simply posited that the threat to India would have been sufficient to force the Allies to delay Torch.

Of course, another way to deal with Tirpitz would have been to borrow the North Carolina for a few hours, and pound Tirpitz to scrap. The contest would have been quite one-sided.
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Piiska
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How about trigger events as production options?

Post by Piiska »

With the thread getting so long and fragmented, I wonder if anybody bothers to read this anymore. Well I throw my 20c in anyways.

I reckon that the production option for the airplanes that existed in Pacific War was a really practical idea and should be included in Witp almost as such as many like to modify the production to suit better to my tactics and preferences. (I love Corsairs, much better than Hellcats. Who cares about kill ratios and performances; its those wings mate, those wings¡K ƒº)

This said, the realities should not be swiped away either. As Jeremy stated in an earlier post, the Japanese really didn¡¦t have that many options available (historically speaking) to modify their production -and neither did the Americans. However, some alterations to production plans make the game more fun and even more realistic from a certain point of view.

Therefore, my suggestion is to copy the concept of ¡¥trigger events¡¦ that I so much like in some games eg The Operational Art of War. With a simple prompt the player can choose if s/he wants to start the conversion of Shinano from a BB to CV. These sorts of events should be easy enough to code in. Eg If a Japanese player loses more than 4 CV then option of conversion of other ships to carriers becomes available. Simple, clean and historically viable and this method should not divert the resources where they are mostly needed.
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Post by Jeremy Pritchard »

It is fairly easy to code in triggers for events. The main thing to do is to have enough triggers to cover almost all possible events.

Triggers should be made for some very improbable events, such as an early invasion of the US West Coast, Japanese Homeland, or British India. If there are enough triggers to represent probable production or reinforcements, then the game should be much better than Pacific War. Possibly if US Carriers reach the number of X operational, then the USS Ranger will be sent to the Pacific (no matter how badly she will sail). If Japan is invaded on 194Y, X many units can be deployed from China/Manchuria. The system can also determine what types of units are on the field, so for example, say you lose a bunch of "support units", which reaches below a total of Z, then X many are reconstructed to reach the minimum of Z.

I beleive that you should be able to order in your vessels for refit or modification. These refits should take a lot of time (depends on the amount of changes and could drastically change the makeup of a vessel [for example creating more Kitikami Class Torpedo CL's, or changing CL's to CLAA's), and possibly impair the construction of new vessels. I feel that you should also be totally aware of the construction que as well as probable arrival dates of all vessels under construction.

One of the things that gets me from PacWar in regards to aircraft production is the totally unrealistic way you can switch production from one type of aircraft to another with virtually no consequences. In reality, it took months to retool an aircraft factory, and it was more profitable in many instances to produce obsolete aircraft instead of top of the line (even for the US). It took special Presidential orders to get factories to produce aircraft not developed by them (General Motors producing the F4F as the FM2). Unless realistic restrictions and consequences are in with aircraft factory changes then having a model like PacWar will just give the player too much unrealistic control to maximize production unrealistically.
mdiehl
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Post by mdiehl »

In reality, it took months to retool an aircraft factory, and it was more profitable in many instances to produce obsolete aircraft instead of top of the line (even for the US).


This sounds very cliched to me. IIRC, GM retooled to mfr FM2s in a matter of weeks, with assistance from Grumman. The P51 was in full production 100 days from design. The US was the undisputed master of production organization. I'll look up some web sites this weekend maybe and let you get started on knowing just how good at it the US *was.* As an anecdote, my father was given surplus bolt action 30.06 Springfield [by his father] used to train naval/coast guard types. Hundreds of thousands of these bolt actions (5 shot magazine) were made. Pop's was made in 1942 by a company that manufactured type-writers before the war.

The "obsolete" moniker seems non sequitur unless you have an example. Usually when folks trot out the claim that the US mfd "obsolete" a/c they're thinking of the P40. What they forget is that not all P40s were created equal. The P40E was better than any a/c fielded by Japan until the Ki-61 appeared, and the superior to the ME109E series with respect to speed, roll and turn. The late model P40s were first class short range fighters that were somewhat better than most everything made by Japan and most variants of the ME109. They were also fine interceptors in their own right. Since they were quite well suited to taking on most Axis a/c (except over Germany and northern Italy, where greater range and performance was mandated), they were successfully deployed as front line fighters in North Africa, the PTO and by the Soviet A/F.

They were also cheap. IIRC a P40K cost something like 30K US in 1943 dollars. The P51, a much better plane, about 100K. Like I said, I'll see what I can find for you.
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Piiska
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Production is also about politics

Post by Piiska »

In my excitement about producing a s**t load of Corsairs I really forgot a one 'small' point that Jeremy raises: Politics. You are completely right; the production of the war material was equally political then as it is today. It would really require peculiar circumstances (if merges are excluded) to make Boeing to start manufacturing McDonnell Douglas airplanes. The question is not technological.

I agree that with HARD work, determination and good planning a plant can be converted rather quickly, however it might take ages to actually convince a corporation to stop making profit for their own design, lose credibility as a designer/producer, and start making their competitors products. Equally you would have to convince the original developer to share their expensively developed design with their competitor. This would probably never happen today and back in those days, as pointed, it required a Presidential intervention.

To sum up: Yes production can be altered, even quickly, when the will is there, but it takes extreme circumstances to bring about the will to do so. Both aspects should be reflected in a historically accurate game, and perhaps the trigger events would be the best way to bring them in the game.

Cheers

Ps. I'm extremely curios about the GM producing Grumman design. I didn't know about that. In what circumstances it happened?
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Post by TIMJOT »

Not sure, but I believe I have read that GM actually produced more Hellcats than Gruman during the war. This goes for Shermans too which I believe was a Chrysler product and the willys Jeep, which the vast majority was produced by Ford.
mdiehl
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Post by mdiehl »

Piiska: You're in for a world of wondrous WW2 production revelations. That GM made FM2s is just the surface. Ford made B24s. Bell made another type... SBDs or something (I do not recall at the moment) in addition to their P39/400/63 series. IIRC the "Curtis P40" series was made by no fewer than seven different a/c and automobile manufacturers.

The GM made FM2s (F4F made by GM with an enlarged rudder) are an interesting case study because of the novel way in which Grumman taught GM how to assemble the planes. They gave to GM an F4F fully built, except all the rivets and screws were replaced with little nylon (or wooden) pegs, so that the GM assembly line managers could see how the whole thing came together a couple of times before they had to actualy build one. Basically they could take it apart and reassmble it a few times for "practice" -- like a Leggo set.

There was some strong initial political resistence.... until the Roosevelt Admin basically sat down the CEOs, CFOs and Union Bosses and threatened to screw them if they resisted, while offering generous profits and employment for everyone if they played along. The reason why the whole thing worked was the "license." Ford could make B24s because they had to pay licensing fees to Consolidated. So, Ford and Coonsolidated get their cut from Uncle Sam, Ford gets to play a great public relations card about how cooperative they're being, and Consolidated gets to tell the whole world how "their" a/c is doing its part to smash the bad guys.
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CynicAl
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Post by CynicAl »

Adding to what mdiehl said: Prior to 1942, GM was an automobile manufacturer. Goodyear likewise had never built an airplane (though they had built a couple of airships and a number of blimps and balloons). Ford had designed and built a transport in the 20's, but they weren't notably current in the field either. License production of outside designs didn't constitute a big prestige loss for companies like these - the big problems here tended to be more organizational.

Some companies which had sold aircraft to the armed forces in recent history were a bit peeved, though. Of course some of those should have counted themselves lucky, by then, to be doing any kind of business at all with the armed forces - even if it was just assembling someone else's design - because of their track records... (coughcoughBrewstercough)

Tim - Hellcats no, but GM did build ~77% of all "Grumman" Avengers produced, and ~70% of all Wildcats. The reason GM found itself in the aircraft business in the first place was to take up the slack in filling orders for those two types so that Grumman could concentrate on the Hellcat.
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RevRick
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Didn't Brewster build...

Post by RevRick »

some licensed P38's that were rejected because of inferior workmanship?
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CynicAl
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Post by CynicAl »

Close, but they were Corsairs (designated F3A when built by Brewster). Really, really, REALLY poor workmanship - they were coming in hundreds of pounds overweight for one thing, with numerous other problems disturbingly common as well. Some of them may have been accepted for training only; none were ever passed as fit for front-line service. The fiasco led to the Navy taking direct control of the Brewster plant, and when even they couldn't get it sorted out, they closed it down.
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TIMJOT
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Post by TIMJOT »

CynaCal

Thanks for the clarication. Now that you mentioned it I believe it was the GM Avenger I read about.
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Piiska
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Post by Piiska »

Some history lesson. Thank you guys.

These contributions regarding the production politics may have very relevant implications for the production modeling of the WITP. I know it would be rather complex, but could the inferiority of some the models be coded into the game? For example, if an aircraft factory is ordered to start producing other companies’ designs, the produced planes could suffer from poor workmanship, as in the example of the Corsairs produced by Brewster pointed out by CynicalAL?

However, it should also be considered if the quality differences in cross-built airplanes were so substantial that it affected the outcomes on the battlefield. If the differences were only marginal, then perhaps getting into that much detail might prove to be waste of time.

Ps. Talking about the Corsair. IIRC the US Navy deemed Corsairs unsuitable for carrier operations until the British found a way to land them on carriers. This was not before 1944, however in Uncommon Valor Corsairs are available for carrier duty already 1943. I wonder if this will be different in WITP…
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Post by Sam-I-am »

After reading all these posts I cannot see any easy solution.
I posted way back in the start and did not think this topic would be so complicated.



I would like to have one of those 100 gun flying battelship/sub/spaceship combinations tho;)
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Fred98
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Post by Fred98 »

Nobody from Matrix has said there production option included in the game.

Somebody wished for it and this thread has grown.

I too do not want an empire building game.

And even if you had control over production, how much would you allocate to the Europe - a place not even in the game?

How about allocating everything to the research of the Atomic bomb instead of aircraft carriers?

How about NONE to the Atomic bomb - and then the Pacirfic war drags on to 1946 - and the US can use King Tiger tanks from the defeated Germans.

Your discussion is becoming completely silly.
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CynicAl
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Post by CynicAl »

Originally posted by Piiska
... For example, if an aircraft factory is ordered to start producing other companies? designs, the produced planes could suffer from poor workmanship, as in the example of the Corsairs produced by Brewster pointed out by CynicalAL? ...
It should be noted that the difficulties with the Brewster-built Corsairs are worth mentioning chiefly because such problems were so rare - for the most part, the system worked. The problems with Brewster were exactly that - problems with Brewster, and those problems extended even to their production of their own designs.
... Ps. Talking about the Corsair. IIRC the US Navy deemed Corsairs unsuitable for carrier operations until the British found a way to land them on carriers. This was not before 1944, however in Uncommon Valor Corsairs are available for carrier duty already 1943. I wonder if this will be different in WITP?
Corsairs could have gone to sea in late 1942 or early 1943. They had a couple of nasty quirks, but none that were necessarily showstoppers. VF-17 (and I think VF-12) flew their carrier qualifications in early F4Us, so it could have been done if necessary, nasty quirks and all. But Grumman was just a few months behind with the F6F, which featured nearly equal performance in a much more docile package. So the Navy elected to wait. IMO, had the Hellcat program run into serious delays, two things would have happened: 1) the USN would have started operating F4Us from CVs no later than early 1943; and 2) the Corsair's ills would have been cured by a crash program in 42-43 instead of a crash program in 44-45.
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Post by byron13 »

Originally posted by Joe 98
Nobody from Matrix has said there production option included in the game.

Somebody wished for it and this thread has grown.

I too do not want an empire building game.

And even if you had control over production, how much would you allocate to the Europe - a place not even in the game?

How about allocating everything to the research of the Atomic bomb instead of aircraft carriers?

How about NONE to the Atomic bomb - and then the Pacirfic war drags on to 1946 - and the US can use King Tiger tanks from the defeated Germans.

Your discussion is becoming completely silly.
It's not just this thread. Production is probably the most discussed point on the WitP forum, and the battle was raging 18 months ago. Go dig up some of the old threads.

I don't think we're being silly. We - or some of us - just want some options. Some are beyond the realm of realistic possibility and I don't agree with them, but there's no reason why there shouldn't be some options. Sorry to burst your bubble, but there's likely to be some options in production. There were some limited options in PacWar and Gary has experimented with much more complicated options in other games. Furthermore, demand has been high for some form of optional production, and Matrix may respond to that. I would lay my money on there being some options in production, though not half of what's been suggested.

How do allocate to Europe? You don't. You assume that the production you control in WitP is your slice of the production pie. An argument has been made that you might get a larger slice of the pie (i.e., more production points) if the war is going poorly in the Pacific, but I won't go there. Heck, I hope they do a World in Flames type game so I do get to control 100% of production!

Why shouldn't I be able to devote all my R&D in *my* game to building the Bomb? You don't have to in yours, but why can't I in mine if I'm willing to reduce production of something else? Why shouldn't I be allowed to NOT build the bomb if I don't want to?

You're hardly making an argument. What I gather you think is so silly as to be beyond contemplation is exactly what some people would very much like to try. So long as WitP allows you to play your game lockstep with history, why should you care how silly (or creative or curiously) I play mine?
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Jeremy Pritchard
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Post by Jeremy Pritchard »

I think that the reason that many people do not want a system of R&D and production primarily because of the following.

#1 Potential abuses.

#2 Increasing the complexity of the game increases the chance of bugs.

#3 Expanding the scope of the game too far out of the Pacific War theatre


If production is to be included, then it must be done so that you will not end up with unrealistic changes.


The problem with R&D is that many of the designs were dependent on experience in Europe. In fact, most of the US aircraft designs were done to combat European planes. The Atomic bomb was a separate effort, done to defeat Germany. You could not really ask the scientists to do something other then Nuclear Physics, and throwing money and equipment at research does not necessarily mean you are going to get it any faster. R&D was in many cases a crap shoot. Sometimes you got lucky and designs came out perfectly, other times you end up with scrap metal. It was not like Clash of Steel, where you will get what you paid for.

As I said, much of US R&D had to do with European experiences. You should not develop the P-51 because you put in R&D from your Pacific Sources but because of the joint US and UK operation in Europe.


I say, if you have the option, have it done right. In order to have it done right there must be not only a complicated system put into place for shipbuilding and aircraft produciton, along with a series of R&D with realistic limitations (i.e., you should not research things that are out of the scope of PacWar, like the Atomic bomb, most Allied aircraft, etc... that were devloped for the European theatre). Both of these serve to complicate an already complicated code. The more you add into a game the more it can 'break down' and the developers get bogged down into unecessary tangents. As not only do you have to create a system of production (and now R&D) but get the AI to use it without disasterous results.

The slice of the R&D pie that dealt with the Pacific was very small when you compare it to the rest used for the European theatre. Having the Pacific theatre affect changes on R&D that it had no real ability to do so is totally unrealistic.

Having control over R&D for a Pacific style game would be like saying "The generals in the Pacific say we don't need the Atomic bomb, so you are going to have to use the new amphibious tractors we developed instead in order to defeat Hitler." We have to assume that the European theatre of war is progressing exactly as it did in history, and for the same demands of equipment, troops and technological developments to occur because of this theatre as well. Since the European theatre of war had a much greater influence on everything developed (excluding most shipping developments) then the Pacific, it does not make sense for the Pacific to get the ability to influence more on what was researched then what was realistic.
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Fred98
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Post by Fred98 »

My view of the best type of wargame is that it - more or less - follows the historical timeline.

Take for example the battle of Stalingrad. The Germans lost it. You have to live with it.

In any game representing that battle, the Germans must always lose. But it’s a game, so the German player must be allowed to have a win.

He wins by using superior tactics. He wins if he surrenders AFTER the historical surrender date.

He does not win by receiving 10 armoured Divisions from the Leningrad area.

And to WITP. The Japanese win if they can survive beyond September 1945 – the historical surrender date. And they do so by using better tactics than their opponent.
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Post by Sam-I-am »

Yea, but if I could git ahold a couple those flying Yamatos with 100 50" guns the outcome WILL be different:p
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Post by Jeremy Pritchard »

I think that Joe nailed what a Wargame is on the head.

However, I do understand what others are asking for. It would not bother me one bit to have an OPTION of production, and R&D in the game, however, what will this take away from the rest of the game?

In order to implement this option, you have almost two completely different games. These games require you to have two different AI's as well.

Originally, Pacific War: War Against Japan, had you to be able to produce vessels. I am not sure wether or not this has continued on in WitP, but noticed that most of the production in PW:WAJ consisted of small transports and light vessels, not the big carriers and battleships. This was going to be the basic feature in the game, not requiring two separate AI's. However, since then (about 2 years) a lot has changed between PW:WAJ and WitP.

What bothers me about this option is the problems that it will invariably create. No game is bug free, no matter how good the game creators are. The more you add into the game, the better chance that there will be a bug, or that the AI will collapse through an inability to handle all of the options. WitP will already be massively complicated, and adding things out of the scope of the game will really just serve to unecessarily complicate the game.

Virtually all games that I have known that have R&D and production are either massively complicated Paper games, or exceedingly simple board or computer games (Axis and Allies, Clash of Steel). This is primarily because in order to have a system of R&D and production, the coices have to be fairly limited otherwize you get thousands of options, complications, unforseen dillemas and the inability for the AI to handle almost double the commands and requirements.

It also really is going beyond the scope of the game. As I said above, most Allied R&D was done with nothing to do with the Pacific theatre. I am not saying that you should always get the same replacements and reinforcements, but feel that a trigger system is a much more problem free and realistic system to implement.
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