Denerfing US Aircraft production

[vettim89]

ORIGINAL: treespider

Another "issue" for Japanese Industry is the "all or nothing" effect...in other words an industrial center will produce nothing unless it can be fully funded with resources...

One idea that could be tested (and may have already been) would be to break up the largish industrial centers into smaller centers...to alleviate the "all or nothing" effect...

Would the code tolerate having more than on LI center in a hex? or would you need to move it into adjacent hexes?

[wyrmmy]

Spreading the LI around might make a better representation of the 'cottage' nature of much of the Japanese subcontractors. Kaigun and Sunburst have much to say on the legally mandated subcontracting in Japanese industry.

[Bradley7735]

ORIGINAL: wyrmm

Spreading the LI around might make a better representation of the 'cottage' nature of much of the Japanese subcontractors. Kaigun and Sunburst have much to say on the legally mandated subcontracting in Japanese industry.

fixing one thing, breaking another. Strategic bombing of one lump of 100 LI is much easier than bombing 10 lumps of 10 LI. Japan could also repair that damage in 10 turns, instead of 100 (with a huge amount of supply, though.)

[chesmart]

It is very difficult to damage Li in AE. IIRC 1000 bombers damage 30-40 LI. If it was HI it would be in the 100-150 region. I used a mixture of B-29s and B-24s and was playing pre patch 3.

[treespider]

ORIGINAL: vettim89

ORIGINAL: treespider

Another "issue" for Japanese Industry is the "all or nothing" effect...in other words an industrial center will produce nothing unless it can be fully funded with resources...

One idea that could be tested (and may have already been) would be to break up the largish industrial centers into smaller centers...to alleviate the "all or nothing" effect...

Would the code tolerate having more than on LI center in a hex?

Not sure...which is why I suggested testing would be needed..

or would you need to move it into adjacent hexes?

That would be an alternative although IIRC most bases in Japan have IC's

[spence]

The thread's title indicates that there may be something wrong with USN aircraft production. Put your discussions of the Japanese Player's fantasies in a different thread if you please.

IRL the USN fielded their carriers throughout 1942 with something approximating the full strength of SBD-3/4s on every one of their carriers and in addition equiped several CVEs with SBD-3/4s AND equiped a large number of USMC squadrons with SBD-3/4s. This does not/can not happen in WitP: AE unless the USN Player never commits his carriers to combat against the IJN in 1942. I for one have a problem with this situation.

The date I have read for the commencement of SBD-3 production is March 1941. The present in game date for the beginning of SBD-5 production is April 1943.
The game accounts for the SBD-4, of which some 780 were produced, by including it in the SBD-3 production. The total of over 1300 SBD3/4s produced between 3/41 and 3/43 represents a production of over 50 a month.
7 carriers carrying 36 SBD-3/4s accounts for somewhat over 250 airframes. A half dozen CVEs which equiped with SBDs (before switching to TBFs) accounts for another 60 or so. The USAAF accounts for nearly 500 but I think they gave some back to the Navy which ended up in the Marines or with the New Zealanders. There are around 500 other SBD-3/4 airframes unaccounted for. The shore establishment in the Atlantic Theater did not end up with many of them. The rest should be in the game as USN replacements.

[treespider]

ORIGINAL: spence

The thread's title indicates that there may be something wrong with USN aircraft production. Put your discussions of the Japanese Player's fantasies in a different thread if you please.

Didn't notice when you became a mod...why not take your tone to a different thread...if you please.

If you would read, I suggested several posts earlier that the discussion of Japanese Industry would probably be better served in a different thread...however several of the posters here felt that the discussion deserved to be continued.

[vettim89]

ORIGINAL: treespider

ORIGINAL: spence

The thread's title indicates that there may be something wrong with USN aircraft production. Put your discussions of the Japanese Player's fantasies in a different thread if you please.

Didn't notice when you became a mod...why not take your tone to a different thread...if you please.

If you would read, I suggested several posts earlier that the discussion of Japanese Industry would probably be better served in a different thread...however several of the posters here felt that the discussion deserved to be continued.

In fairness to Spence, the thread started about F4F-4 production and about half way down page one, we drifted off into Japanese aircraft production. SO if you were just scanning the forums, the title of the thread is a bit misleading. After thoroughly researching the F4F-4 numbers I think the game accounts for nearly every one of the buggers that made it to the PTO. Problem is so many of them are bound to CV/CVL/CVE that arrive with full air groups as reinforcements. So the Allied player is denied access to a big chunk of the -4's as they arrive near the end of the production cycle on ships. My solution is to increase production and lower those air groups to minimal strength. That way if the war has gone well and the pools are full, the air groups can be filled out. If the situation is desperate, the Allied player will not be force to give up 22 F4F-4 that arrive on the Indepence the same month F6F-3 production starts.

Was going to work on SBD's but got sidetracked with China. But the is another thread topic

[spence]

I apologize for my Japanese fantasies comment.

The real point of the post was that somewhere around 500 SBD-3/4s are not accounted for by either the CV airgroups, the Atlantic carriers, or Army A-24s and there has been no evidence presented that they all ended up flying out of Floyd Bennett, Quonset or Argentia. Since the USN kept its air groups up to strength in the Pacific and the Marines simultaneously equipped their VMSB squadrons with SBDs it would seem that the game is imposing an unrealistic and unhistorical operational constraint on the USN player. With the current production a even victorious battle such as Midway, given the historical losses of SBDs in that fight, would put the USN out of business for 6 months unless they chose (can they even do this?) to use Helldivers and Vindicators to fill up their Scout and Bombing squadrons.

[wyrmmy]

Unfortunately most squadrons once upgraded to SBD-3 cannot downgrade in scenario 1.

[spence]

As posted in another thread by Don Bowen it would seem that the following link could set to rest most arguments re the allocation of all USN aircraft to the PTO.

http://www.history.navy.mil/a-record/ww ... loc-ac.htm

For instance, even at the time of Torch it looks like there were less than 50 SBD-3/4s in the entire ETO and that all the rest of SBD-3/4 production to that point was deployed in the Pacific.

[timtom]

However a closer reading of the data suggests a more complicated picture. Nor does it appear to bear out the assertion that "the USN kept its air groups up to strength in the Pacific and the Marines simultaneously equipped their VMSB squadrons with SBD".

The PacFleet returns for 5/11/42 were as follows:

VB-3 16xSBD-3
VS-3 5xSBD-3
VB-6 6xSBD
VS-6 17xSBD-3
VB-8 13xSBD-3
VS-8 17xSBD-3
VB-10 18xSBD
VS-10 18xSBD
VB-11 16xSBD
VS-11 17xSBD
VB-12 6xSBD
VS-12 6xSBD
VS-71 4xSBD-3
VS-72 None

= 88 SBD, 72 SBD-3 (160 a/c vs TO/E of 252 a/c)

MAG-24 HS 2xSBD-3
VMSB-131 18xSB2U-3
VMSB-132 11xSBD-1
VMSB-142 10xSBD
VMSB-141 14xSBD-3
VMSB-143 6xSBD-3, 2xSBD-4
VMSB-144 10xSBD-3
VMSB-151 7xSBC-4
VMO-155 9xSBC-4
VMSB-233 12xSBD-1
VMSB-234 10xSBD-1
VMSB-241 19xSBD-2
VMSB-243 9xSB2U-3
VMSB-244 11xSB2U-3

= 10 SBD, 33 SBD-1, 19 SBD-2, 32 SBD-3, 2 SBD-4, 38 SB2U-3, 16 SBC-4 (148 a/c vs TO/E 234 a/c excl. MAG-24 HS; SBD, -3, -4 only 44 a/c vs TO/E 72 a/c)

ie 98 SBD, 104 SBD-3, 2 SBD-4 for 204 a/c presuming all "SBD" were -3's or -4's. We don't know how many, if any, were with ATCG PAC or CASU's 1 through 6, but it seems a reasonable presumation that the sum was greater than zero.

This suggests that neither the USN or the USMC were hip-deep in SBD's as of the date above - in fact both were more than 33% understrength, in spite of the relatively limited scope of operations undertaken in '42, and in spite of 70% of USMC a/c being older types.

[Nikademus]

TimTom's done his homework. [:)]

[wdolson]

ORIGINAL: timtom

However a closer reading of the data suggests a more complicated picture. Nor does it appear to bear out the assertion that "the USN kept its air groups up to strength in the Pacific and the Marines simultaneously equipped their VMSB squadrons with SBD".

The PacFleet returns for 5/11/42 were as follows:

VB-3 16xSBD-3
VS-3 5xSBD-3
VB-6 6xSBD
VS-6 17xSBD-3
VB-8 13xSBD-3
VS-8 17xSBD-3
VB-10 18xSBD
VS-10 18xSBD
VB-11 16xSBD
VS-11 17xSBD
VB-12 6xSBD
VS-12 6xSBD
VS-71 4xSBD-3
VS-72 None

= 88 SBD, 72 SBD-3 (160 a/c vs TO/E of 252 a/c)

MAG-24 HS 2xSBD-3
VMSB-131 18xSB2U-3
VMSB-132 11xSBD-1
VMSB-142 10xSBD
VMSB-141 14xSBD-3
VMSB-143 6xSBD-3, 2xSBD-4
VMSB-144 10xSBD-3
VMSB-151 7xSBC-4
VMO-155 9xSBC-4
VMSB-233 12xSBD-1
VMSB-234 10xSBD-1
VMSB-241 19xSBD-2
VMSB-243 9xSB2U-3
VMSB-244 11xSB2U-3

= 10 SBD, 33 SBD-1, 19 SBD-2, 32 SBD-3, 2 SBD-4, 38 SB2U-3, 16 SBC-4 (148 a/c vs TO/E 234 a/c excl. MAG-24 HS; SBD, -3, -4 only 44 a/c vs TO/E 72 a/c)

ie 98 SBD, 104 SBD-3, 2 SBD-4 for 204 a/c presuming all "SBD" were -3's or -4's. We don't know how many, if any, were with ATCG PAC or CASU's 1 through 6, but it seems a reasonable presumation that the sum was greater than zero.

This suggests that neither the USN or the USMC were hip-deep in SBD's as of the date above - in fact both were more than 33% understrength, in spite of the relatively limited scope of operations undertaken in '42, and in spite of 70% of USMC a/c being older types.

Is this May 11 or November 5? I'm assuming November. It makes sense that the numbers would be this way. The Marines were getting priority for aircraft at that point because the navy had no fully operational carriers. The Saratoga nearing the end of her repairs from torpedo damage and the Enterprise was badly damaged but was kept operational because there was nothing else.

Some navy squadrons had been fed into the Guadalcanal meat grinder and been used up. VT-8 was the last USN squadron evacuated. At the end they were operating with a couple of Frankenstein monster aircraft cobbled together from parts. When the first USMC torpedo squadron arrived, they were supposed to take over any remaining TBFs on the island. They took one look at VT-8's remaining aircraft and grounded them permanently.

Earlier in the year when the USMC had few critical spots to defend (Midway was the only one between Wake and Guadalcanal) and the USN had many operational carriers, the USN got priority for aircraft and the Marines got the scraps. At time of Midway, most of the SBDs in Marine hands were -1s and -2s because the USN was flying most of the available -3s.

I wonder why air groups 10, 11, and 12 are listed, but not air group 9, which was working up to deploy on the Essex.

Bill

[spence]

No matter how you slice it, by examining the SBDs of all models in the Atlantic Fleet at different dates in the link you can see one thing very clearly and that is that relatively few SBDs of any model (prior to SBD-5) were assigned to the Atlantic Fleet ship or shore establishment at any time: less than 50 even for "Torch". The fighting was in the Pacific for the SBD and the losses were in the Pacific and that is where the overwhelming majority were sent. 1364 SBD-3/4s were produced between March of 1941 and April of 1943 and that comes out at around 50 a month. The Atlantic Fleet got a max total of around 10% of the production.

[timtom]

Bill - November - in response to Spence.

The question is less how many SBD's went to the Atlantic than how many went to the Pacific. I wouldn't necesarily agree than we can make the presumption that an absence of SBD's in the Atlantic means that they must then be in the Pacific. Not least because this prediction isn't borne out by the same source suggesting the Atlantic absence. As I've stated a few times, before, without knowing the losses in some detail the LOC date can only take us so far and we're still left with having to hypothesise.

[wdolson]

ORIGINAL: timtom

Bill - November - in response to Spence.

The question is less how many SBD's went to the Atlantic than how many went to the Pacific. I wouldn't necesarily agree than we can make the presumption that an absence of SBD's in the Atlantic means that they must then be in the Pacific. Not least because this prediction isn't borne out by the same source suggesting the Atlantic absence. As I've stated a few times, before, without knowing the losses in some detail the LOC date can only take us so far and we're still left with having to hypothesise.

Later in the war new aircraft were kept in the states for training, but I can't think of a single example where units in the field were short of aircraft because new airframes were being held back for training. A number of -3s and -4s have been recovered from Lake Michigan where they were lost on training missions, but the loss dates were all after newer versions were available.

Some new aircraft were kept stateside because of quality problems. All Brewster F3A Corsairs were retained for training because they were so poorly built that the Navy wouldn't certify them for combat.

I think from patterns of deployment doctrine, the newest SBDs that were not in the Atlantic were almost all in the Pacific or in work up to go to the Pacific. I think the training in type was mostly done with airframes retired from combat.

Bill

[treespider]

Just to cover all of the different threads about this topic...

SBD-3 & SBD-4 LOSSES

EAST COAST THROUGH JUNE 1943

TOTAL = 44

Code: Select all

 410621		SBD-3	4556	VA			
 410806	VS-5	SBD-3	4551	WHITEHURST	FIELD	VA	
 411103	VS-5	SBD-3	4635	LITTLE	CREEK	VA	
 420507	VC-24	SBD-4	10754	AT	SEA	NY	
 420929	VGS-29	SBD-3	6560	ELIZABETH	CITY	NC	
 421125	FERRY	SBD-4	6811	ATLANTA	NRAB	GA	
 421215	VGS-28	SBD-4	6681	FENTRESS	FIELD	VA	
 421229	VS-22	SBD-4	6881	CREEDS	FIELD	NAAS	VA
 430102	FERRY	SBD-4	6906	NEW	CANAAN	CT	
 430112	VB-16	SBD-4	6925	PROVIDENCE	RI		
 430204	VSB#3	SBD-3P	6608	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 430208	VS-9	SBD-4	10449	NORFOLK	NAS	VA	
 430210	VS-23	SBD-3	6878	PARRIS	ISLAND	MCAS	NC
 430212	UNKNOWN	SBD-4	6858	PARRIS	ISLAND	MCAS	NC
 430222	VS-9	SBD-4	10455	NORFOLK	COUNTY	VA	
 430226	VS-16	SBD-4	6874	COCKEYSVILLE	MD		
 430313	VB-23	SBD-4	10516	WAKEFIELD	RI		
 430318	UNKNOWN	SBD-4	10676	LITTLE	CREEK	VA	
 430325	VC-24	SBD-4	10528	BROOKLYN	NAS	NY	
 430329	VSB#3	SBD-4	10366	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 430329	VSB#3	SBD-4	10370	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 430330	VB-42	SBD-4	6826	SWAMPSCOTT	MA		
 430408	VMSB-341	SBD-4	10675	HOG	ISLAND	NC	
 430413	CQTU/G	SBD-4	6932	LAKE	MICHIGAN	IL	
 430414	CQTU/G	SBD-4	6976	LAKE	MICHIGAN	IL	
 430422	VSB#3	SBD-4	10374	ORMOND	BEACH	FL	
 430424	OTU#1	SBD-4	10721	MILEBRANCH	FL		
 430427	VSB#3	SBD-4	10493	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 430428	VB-23	SBD-4	6873	USS	LEXINGTON	MD	
 430502	OTU#1	SBD-4	10720	FOREMOST	FIELD	FL	
 430512	OTU#1	SBD-4	10706	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 430514	OTU#1	SBD-4	10726	CUMMER	FIELD	FL	
 430519	VSB#3	SBD-4	10492	ORMOND	BEACH	FL	
 430520	VC-24	SBD-4	10563	WILDWOOD	AT	SEA	NJ
 430520	OTU#1	SBD-4	10703	LAWTEY	FL		
 430523	VSB#3	SBD-4	10499	BANANA	RIVER	NAS	FL
 430525	OTU#1	SBD-4	10727	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 430525	VC-24	SBD-4	10788	CHESEPEAKE	BAY	MD	
 430609	CQTU/G	SBD-3	4541	HALFDAY	FIELD	IL	
 430610	VB-27	SBD-4	6548	CREEDS	FIELD	NAAS	VA
 430619	VSB#3	SBD-4	10363	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 430620	FERRY	SBD-4	6729	MIDLAND	AAF	TX	
 430622	OTU#4	SBD-4	10709	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 430623	VSB#3	SBD-3	6493	DAYTONA	BEACH	NAS	FL
 
 

ADDITIONAL EAST COAST LOSSES July 43 - June 44

TOTAL = 17

Code: Select all

 
 430701	OTU#1	SBD-3	12305	LEE	FIELD	FL	
 440501	OTU#4	SBD-4	10770	HERLONG	FIELD	FL	
 440511	OTU#4	SBD-4	6903	HERLONG	FIELD	FL	
 440511	VMB-612	SBD-4	9697	PETER	FIELD	NC	
 440512	OTU#4	SBD-3	28089	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 440512	VD-2	SBD-3	10441	SUFFOLK	AAF	VA	
 440513	OTU#1	SBD-4	10711	BRANAN	FIELD	FL	
 440514	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10577	DOUGLAS	AIRPORT	IL	
 440515	OTU#1	SBD-4	10573	BRANAN	FIELD	FL	
 440515	OTU#1	SBD-4	10799	HERLONG	FIELD	FL	
 440517	OTU#1	SBD-4	10705	BLACK	CREEK	FL	
 440517	OTU#4	SBD-4	10712	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 440528	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10694	USS	SABLE	IL	
 440606	OTU#4	SBD-4	6905	CECIL	FIELD	FL	
 440611	OTU#1	SBD-4	10425	BRANAN	FIELD	FL	
 440618	OTU#4	SBD-4	10571	BRANAN	FIELD	FL	
 440628	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10603	DOUGLAS	AIRPORT	IL	
 

WEST COAST LOSSES THROUGH JUNE 1943

TOTAL = 40

Code: Select all

 
 411004	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4621	SAN	DIEGO	BAY	CA
 411106	VB-3	SBD-3	4601	BORDER	FIELD	CA	
 411110	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4653	BORDER	FIELD	CA	
 420319	VS-3	SBD-3	4583	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 420328	VS-8	SBD-3	3195	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420430	VS-3	SBD-3	3214	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420506	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3252	JAMUL	CA		
 420511	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3260	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420515	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3258	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 420520	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3262	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420612	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3272	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 420616	VB-3	SBD-3	3283	FORD	ISLAND	CA	
 420617	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3271	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 420715	VMSB-142	SBD-3	3267	MIRAMAR	NAS	CA	
 420813	VMSB-141	SBD-3	3269	RANCHO	SANTE	FE	CA
 420815	VS-72	SBD-3	3362	PACIFIC	COAST	CA	
 420819	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4605	KEARNEY	FIELD	CA	
 420825	CASU-5	SBD-3	3358	MIRAMAR	NAS	CA	
 420827	BMDAG-42	SBD-3	6613	SANTA	BARBARA	MCAS	CA
 421109	VMSB-243	SBD-4	6757	SANTA	BARBARA	MCAS	CA
 421120	VMSB-244	SBD-4	6734	SANTA	BARBARA	MCAS	CA
 421120	VS-12	SBD-4	6719	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 421120	VS-12	SBD-4	6739	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 421215	CASU-5	SBD-4	6797	MIRAMAR	NAS	CA	
 421226	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4587	POINT	LOMA	CA	
 430111	CQTU/P	SBD-4	6977	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 430112	VS-3	SBD-4	10329	EL	CENTRO	MCAS	CA
 430114	CQTU/P	SBD-4	6932	USS	LONG	ISLAND	CA
 430201	VS-12	SBD-4	6916	POINT	LOMA	CA	
 430202	VMSB-235	SBD-4	10394	EL	CENTRO	MCAS	CA
 430210	VB-12	SBD-4P	6724	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 430213	VMSB-235	SBD-4	6664	EL	CENTRO	MCAS	CA
 430217	VMSB-232	SBD-3	6534	EL	TORO	MCAS	CA
 430313	FERRY	SBD-4	6854	BAKERSFIELD	CA		
 430313	FERRY	SBD-4	6921	TEHACHAPI	CA		
 430318	VMSB-236	SBD-4	10533	MOJAVE	MCAS	CA	
 430414	VC-34	SBD-4	10701	WHIDBEY	ISLAND	NAS	WA
 430522	VB-8	SBD-4	6942	ALEMEDA	NAS	CA	
 430611	VMSB-243	SBD-4	6712	PALMYRA	NAS	CA	
 430630	VMTB-134	SBD-3	6600	SANTA	BARBARA	MCAS	CA
 
 

Now as some may recall the unanswered question for TimTOM was how many aircraft were assigned to ACTG and CASU units...which are not represented in the aforementioned LOCATION SUMMARIES

ACTG AND CASU SBD-3 and SBD-4 LOSSES
(Note some of these are duplicate entries of the EAST and West Coast Losses)

TOTAL=27

Code: Select all

 
 411004	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4621	SAN	DIEGO	BAY	CA
 411110	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4653	BORDER	FIELD	CA	
 420506	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3252	JAMUL	CA		
 420511	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3260	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420515	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3258	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 420520	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3262	OTAY	MESA	NAS	CA
 420612	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3272	SAN	DIEGO	NAS	CA
 420617	ACTG/P	SBD-3	3271	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 420819	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4605	KEARNEY	FIELD	CA	
 420825	CASU-5	SBD-3	3358	MIRAMAR	NAS	CA	
 421125	FERRY	SBD-4	6811	ATLANTA	NRAB	GA	
 421215	CASU-5	SBD-4	6797	MIRAMAR	NAS	CA	
 421226	ACTG/P	SBD-3	4587	POINT	LOMA	CA	
 430102	FERRY	SBD-4	6906	NEW	CANAAN	CT	
 430111	CQTU/P	SBD-4	6977	REAM	FIELD	CA	
 430114	CQTU/P	SBD-4	6932	USS	LONG	ISLAND	CA
 430313	FERRY	SBD-4	6854	BAKERSFIELD	CA		
 430313	FERRY	SBD-4	6921	TEHACHAPI	CA		
 430413	CQTU/G	SBD-4	6932	LAKE	MICHIGAN	IL	
 430414	CQTU/G	SBD-4	6976	LAKE	MICHIGAN	IL	
 430609	CQTU/G	SBD-3	4541	HALFDAY	FIELD	IL	
 430620	FERRY	SBD-4	6729	MIDLAND	AAF	TX	
 430630	CASU-2	SBD-4	6934	BARBAR'S	POINT	NAS	HA
 440514	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10577	DOUGLAS	AIRPORT	IL	
 440528	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10694	USS	SABLE	IL	
 440608	CASU-10	SBD-4	10411	ESPIRITU			
 440628	CQTU/G	SBD-4	10603	DOUGLAS	AIRPORT	IL	
 
 

SO the question remains how many additional aircraft were assigned to CASU, ACTG and CQTU's units that were not lost...which are not represented in the aforementioned LOCATION SUMMARIES