Morskoi Sbornik - Naval Collection (Морской сбор&#108

[Russian Heel]

Under my bed, to my wife's disgust, I have about 150 issues of this publication. For those of you that don't know what it is, it is the Imperial Russian, then Soviet, and now Russian Federation's monthly professional journal published by the navy. I have issues going as far back as the 1970s and as recent as last month. The articles range in subject matter from history, to new equipment, to interpretation of NATO capabilities, strategy, and tactics. I just finished reading an article on the projected role of US aviation assets in the Pacific Ocean in the event of war from 1987. It is pretty interesting stuff, to my knowledge none of these journals have been publicly translated to English, so I have 2 questions:

1. Is it within the rules of this forum to post a translation of articles?

2. Is anyone interested in reading any of these articles to see a different perspective?

[$trummer]

How fascinating. Totally relevant for this forum/community, I would think, and quite possibly an invaluable resource for scenario makers. I wonder why the Soviets would have published such a thing, knowing it would be closely studied in the West, unless it was misinformation? I'd definitely read it in translation.

Not my wife's choice of bedtime reading either.

[hellfish6]

I'd be very interested to read any translations.

[Russian Heel]

Interesting you should say that. A couple years ago I was in Estonia, on board one of the museum ships they have in Tallinn, not sure of which one on a Shelf I saw every issue of Proceedings in order from I think 1965-1995(?) its been a while. I'm pretty sure every Navy has its own professional journal, it is not like it's full of national secrets. Still chalk full of interesting stuff though.

Article I think I will start with is from 1990:

"Неакустические средства обнаружения подводных лодок" "Nonacoustic means of detecting submarines"

Scanned from the article:

[CassioM]

Great Stuff! [X(]

I'm looking forward to the translation of these gems.

Will be great to create new scenarios under the Soviet point of view.

[smudge56]

I'd love to read them as well. Thank you for offering to show us.

[Russian Heel]

Taking me longer to translate and type than I originally thought. Here is the intro, its 3AM will finish tomorrow.

Nonacoustic Means of Detecting Submarines

Captain 2nd Rank V. Surnin
Captain 2nd Rank V. Ponomarev

Morskoi Sbornik, Issue 1721, April 1990

The problem of detecting submarines is considered by the commanders of the capitalist states' navies as one of the top priorities. Currently, the problem is solved mainly by hydro-acoustic equipment, integrated into a single system of SONAR reconnaissance and surveillance. However, this does not reduce the attention to the development and improvement of methods for the nonacoustic detection of submarines. These include radar, infrared, gas detection, laser equipment, and magnetometers. The future developments for submarine detection include: the use of superconductivity, the placement of glowing microorganisms in the wake of submarines, and other physical phenomena.

[smudge56]

Glowing microorganisms what are they?

Now don't say they are glowing microorganisms [:'(]

[jdkbph]

They're talking about bio-luminescence.

JD

[mrfeizhu]

The Russian version of U.S. Navel Institute Proceedings. Proceedings is very good it use to be a lot better, before the war or terror. These journals are very interesting. Good luck with translating Russian

[Russian Heel]

(Continuing..So this article is the 1990 Soviet view of the West, mainly America's means and methods of detecting submarines without sonar)

RADAR

Current radar technology can not be considered in the full sense, as a means of submarine detection (especially pertaining to nuclear submarines) as it loses its opportunities for finding the boat underwater. However, some foreign experts believe that this is true only for the current generation of technology. It has been stated in the American press that there are ways to use radar mounted on satellites to detect submerged submarines. At the same time, of course, this is not about detecting the submarines, but about monitoring the water surface and finding fluctuation caused by the influence of the wake caused by moving submarines (especially those moving at high speeds). The disturbances on the surface caused by submarines can be tracked by hyper sensitive radar apertures.

Tests of this method were done using the satellite "SEASAT" in the mid-80's. The satellite was at an altitude of 800 km, and radar overlapped an ocean area of ​​1200 km2. However, the first set of tests were unsuccessful, in all attempt no submarine was detected. Despite of this, research is continuing and, according to Western experts, the problems that occurred are close to being resolved.

Infrared Devices

As you know, the movement of a submerged nuclear submarine is accompanied by temperature changes in the water in two forms: one being the emission of heat from the cooling of the reactor, and the other - the temperature mixing caused by the movement between different thermal layers. Temperature changes on the surface of the water can, in theory, be detected. In typical conditions, the maximum rise of the warmed water would be no more than tens of meters. Therefore, if the track is dominated by cold water raised from the depths, it is unlikely to be a submarine. However, if a nuclear submarine will make the track is due to buoyancy a sufficient amount of heat from the reactor could reach the surface. A famous American expert in the field of anti-submarine warfare, T. Stefanik, has stated that for submarine detection it is required that the temperature anomaly on the surface of the water is not less than 0.1 degrees above the background temperature.

That being said, it is only the theory. In practice, despite the significant effect of heat on the water the nuclear reactor has, the temperature anomaly decreases very rapidly. Thus, according to US experts, a distance of 1,100 meters behind the boat track the temperature exceeds the ambient temperature by only 0.02 degrees C. This gives them a reason to believe that the ability to detect thermal anomalies caused by nuclear submarines is a fruitless prospect. However, research hasn't stopped. Supporters that continue to work on this method argue, in particular, that the development of aircraft mounted FLIR has created a highly refined instrument with a sensitivity of 0.03 - 0.05 degrees C. And this could only be the beginning for this method.

Gas Detection Equipment

Submarines can be detected by exhaust gases from engines when they are moving on the surface or under the RDP. The sub can be searched for by air sampling at an altitude of 90-120 m in the area perpendicular to the wind direction. When a target is detected, the aircraft determines the height of the exhaust gas flow trace, and then searches in the middle of the height of the track. American equipment called "Sniffer" AN/ASR-2 can detect the trace of diesel submarines 3-4 hours after after they have dived.

Submarine Detection by Laser

Lasers are active nonacoustic detecting means the blue - green light can penetrate below the surface of the ocean. They can be airborne or space-based. As with radar, the conclusion of the discovery of underwater objects is based on the presence or absence of a reflected signal. Air-based systems have been experimented with for 20 years as a method of measuring the depth and developing information for barometric maps. The first experiment with such a system was conducted in the US in 1969 and it was reported in the press that in the 2nd half of the 80's the US DOD mapped ocean topography at a depth of 40 meters and it was also reported US airborne lasers can detect submerged submarines at a depth of 150m. It is our expressed view that this figure is highly exaggerated. In addition to use only in rather shallow depths this method has a disadvantage with the narrowness of the beam leading to small search areas, making it difficult to find a submarine in the ocean.

The Effect of Bio-luminescence

The movement of a submarine can disturb deep living plankton forcing them to or near the surface. It is possible in principle to change the glow of microorganisms as a result of exposure to radioactive waste from a nuclear reactor. In the foreign press some statements from experts can be found about the possibility of submarine detection directly from its radioactive trace. However, any notable publications on the subject are not mentioned, whether because similar studies have not been conducted or whether they are secret..

(I will type up the final and longest section about magnets a bit later)

[JohnSmith]

Is it possible to use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and then attempt a google translate? or would that be too inaccurate?
Thanks for sharing this!

[Russian Heel]

ORIGINAL: JohnSmith

Is it possible to use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and then attempt a google translate? or would that be too inaccurate?
Thanks for sharing this!

I've never heard of OCR technology..[:)] but I doubt the accuracy of Google.

Here is the Russian text for the caption of the diagram I posted earlier. See if you can make sense of it:

Поиск и атака подводной лодки:
А - уточнение местоположения ПЛ с помощью магнитометра: 1 - корабль-носитель вертолета; 2 - маневрирование вертолета при поиске; 3 - магнитная аномалия, вызванная присутствием подводной лодки;
Б - торпедная атака ПЛ: 1 - обмен информацией между вертолетом и НК; 2 - поддержание гидроакустического контакта с ПЛ; 3 - применение вертолетом торпедного оружия по ПЛ

[CassioM]

ORIGINAL: Russian Heel

ORIGINAL: JohnSmith

Is it possible to use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and then attempt a google translate? or would that be too inaccurate?
Thanks for sharing this!

I've never heard of OCR technology..[:)] but I doubt the accuracy of Google.

Here is the Russian text for the caption of the diagram I posted earlier. See if you can make sense of it:

Поиск и атака подводной лодки:
А - уточнение местоположения ПЛ с помощью магнитометра: 1 - корабль-носитель вертолета; 2 - маневрирование вертолета при поиске; 3 - магнитная аномалия, вызванная присутствием подводной лодки;
Б - торпедная атака ПЛ: 1 - обмен информацией между вертолетом и НК; 2 - поддержание гидроакустического контакта с ПЛ; 3 - применение вертолетом торпедного оружия по ПЛ

Translation by Google:

Search and attack submarine:
A - location update submarines using a magnetometer: 1 - mother ship helicopter, 2 - maneuvering the helicopter during the search; 3 - magnetic anomaly caused by the presence of a submarine;
B - torpedo attack submarines: 1 - the exchange of information between a helicopter and NC 2 - maintaining contact with the submarine sonar, and 3 - the use of a helicopter for submarine torpedo

Google is nonsense [:D]


*-*-*-*

I am loving these articles. Just curious about these russian "Jane's Defense Weekly" ones.

[Russian Heel]

Magneto-metric Methods

To date, magnetometer detection systems have found the widest application. They are divided into stationary and mobile systems. Stationary systems are set in the areas of naval bases and ports in the approaches most likely used or will be used by submarine. Mobile systems are mostly employed on board airplanes and helicopters. According to foreign experts, aerial magnetometers (see figure) should be used in combat for the search and active sonar should be used mainly at the last stage of the engagement and detection and tracking should be aided by the use of sonar buoys.

The operational principle of the magnetometer is based on determining the local distortion of the Earth's magnetic field. The reason for these distortions may be present in the search area could be - the steel submarine hull. This principle has been used in search devices before, but the new generation of magnetometers use the change in the electromagnetic conductivity of sea water in the wake of a submarine ( present for up to several hours) relative to the rest of her weight as the main principle. As for the wake, when it has sufficient intensity it can create a magnetic anomaly . Moreover, due to the large extent of the wake, detecting this anomaly is even easier than the magnetic anomaly caused by the hull of a submarine.

Currently, the most widely used air magnetometers are the AN/ASQ-46, AN/ASQ-81 ( USA ), AN/ASQ-501 ( Canada). In addition to these types France has developed a magnetometer called MK3 that was tested in Lynx helicopters of the French Navy. They, as well as the Royal Navy is plan to purchase it.

The main advantage of magnetometers is range. It depends mainly on the sensitivity of the system. The most promising from the point of view of the possibility of increasing the sensitivity magnetometers is the so -called "Josephson Junction". This device consists of two strips of metal (e.g. , lead , tin , niobium ) separated by a thin dielectric layer, and cooled to -263 degrees C. At this temperature,it becomes a superconducting contact , ie, a substance that passes current without resistance ( without energy consumption released in the form of heat ). In the magnetometer, the " Josephson junction " plays the role of a detector capable of detecting changes in the magnetic field. "Josephson junction" is used abroad for the measurement of magnetic field oscillations in the SQUID (superconducting quantum interferetsionny sensor). According to American experts, the creation of SQUID -based magnetometer systems allow two to three times the range of submarine detection when compared with existing magnetometers.

The MADAIR (Magnetic Anomaly Detection Identification plus Ranging) program of the U.S. Navy is being developed and result is a superconducting magnetometer whose sensitivity is 100-1000 times greater than the sensitivity of existing magnetometers. New magnetometers, using five " Josephson junctions " , will be able, according to U.S. experts, not only to detect submarines , but also to determine its size and therefore its class and capabilities.

In conclusion, it should be noted that , in the opinion of foreign experts , nonacoustic detection and tracking of submarines will continue to be improved and developed. This is due to the steady trend of lowering the level of acoustic signatures of submarines and the need to effectively address the problem of anti-submarine and active sonar countermeasures and unfavorable hydrological conditions. Still, for the foreseeable future, they do not constitute an adequate substitute for acoustical means, and are only a complement to reinforce them.

[smudge56]

Really fascinating thanks for this blowing my mind lol [&:]

[invernomuto]

ORIGINAL: Russian Heel
2. Is anyone interested in reading any of these articles to see a different perspective?

I'm very interested!
Thank you for sharing.

[Russian Heel]

So here is some 'rah rah the navy is so great' notes coming out of the 27th Congress of the CPSU. This is really hard to translate, the language is so bad, I'm inclined to think it was written by a conscript from the village who got slotted into journalism.



Fleet Chronicle

No listed author
Morskoi Sbornik, March 1986

Soviet seamen warmly approve of the solutions suggested by the XXVII Congress of the CPSU. Sailors assigned to ships and in administrative roles presented and responded to reviews in the Political Report of XXVII Congress of the CPSU Central Committee, delivered by General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev. He presented the CPSU Programme and rules as well as guidelines for the economic and social development of our country. There was enormous interest in the forum by numerous responses from our leadership. They expressed their unwavering faith in the ideals of communism and their willingness to implement the plans outlined by the Party . With great enthusiasm, the sailors worked as volunteers in honor of the Congress. Fleet commanders reviewed their commitments and attended meetings with the delegates of the congress. They actively and efficiently carried out presentations on antisubmarine cruiser Novorossiysk Guided missile cruiser Slava and (Kashin Class destroyers) BPKs Obraztsovy, and Vasily Chapaev, Red Caucasus. Officers, D. Belov and V. Rogun were presenting on the occasion of this historic event. The personnel showed they are aiming for important goals in tune with the Congress. The sailors charged with being responsible for keeping the fleets at a high combat readiness are closely united around the Party of Lenin.

(Wow after that dose of seemingly stereotypical lip service lets look at what the ocean has to say)

Talk of the Ocean

Prior to the start of the congress the great crew of the guided missile cruiser Grozny commanded by Captain 2nd Rank M. Pinchuk, with the deputy commander for political affairs commander K. Zhampiisov successfully completed missile and gunnery live fire exercises, showing high skill during tactical exercises. The top of the competition of combat troops were Captain 3rd Rank A. Novikov, and Lieutenant Commander A. Vasilenko . The best professionals and political activists that have proven themselves in the field of command are Captain 3rd Rank G. Zhmetkov, Captain-Lieutenant S. Rensh, Senior Lieutenant N. Mikhailov, a senior warrant officer V. Semeniuk, and Ensign A. Khomenko.

The crew of submarine tender Fedor Vidyaevwas commended for their recent exercise. Especially distinguished were the mine and torpedo mates, commanded by Lieutenant V. Kezik . The team is considered the best among all submarine tenders, solving the problems of long sailing in their assigned fleet area. Secretary of the Komsomol Lieutenant A. Safonov was recognized for leading young men to achieve superior results military skill training and contributing to the education Komsomol members.

For showing the ability to successfully solve the problem of replenishing military ships underway at sea in various locations the crew of the large sea tanker Dniester,and Captain Commander V. Urbanowicz earned for the eighth time in a row the title of communist labor crew, showing deep technical knowledge and skill to operate correctly, a high level of political awareness, and strong discipline. These qualities are inherent in the crew.

(now for the individual fleets)

Red Banner Northern Fleet

The command and political demands on sailors were discussed by CPSU Central Committee and decided on measures to strengthen discipline and how to properly face the challenges met by commanders and political officers. The presentation was made by commander of the Northern Fleet , Admiral I. Kapitanets . He stressed that one of the reasons for the shortcomings is that not all leaders are willing to assume responsibility for the situation and are not always supported by order and strong discipline . The speaker said that to eliminate these deficiencies leaders must must fight complacency and have the ability to not only to organize, but also monitor the implementation and execution of orders in person. The presentation was attended by Vice -Admiral A. Ustyantsev , E. Chernov , V. Mochalov , Rear Admiral J. Patrushev , A. Minaev, and Captain Belyaev . The forum was hosted by a member of the Military Council - Head of Political Department Northerb Fleet Vice Admiral C. Vargin.

The high amount of professionalism showed reconnaissance aircraft crews was on display as well. Navigator Lieutenant V. Mirzov was given the task to penetrate the boundaries of enemy air defense to survey a given area and to to identify possible targets . The screen of the radar device was dazzled by illumination: cumulus clouds and offshore facilities. It is not easy to find targets among this clutter. Mirzov correctly identified a target and turned on the camera equipment. It took a few seconds for the aviator to get to make visual contact with the objective and eleminate it. On the way back after the mission there was danger from interceptors . The commander Captain N. Kosolapov made ​​vigorous evasive maneuvers , evading a meeting with the enemy aircraft. This crew has done well in the past year and is recognized as the best in its section. The pilots are eager to share their experiences with their colleagues. They are true to the motto "Teach yourself - Teach Others."

Red Banner Pacific Fleet

The crew of (Sovremenny) Destroyer Osmotritelny earned the gratitude of the Chief of the Navy. Not only were all training and combat tasks are performed expertly. Personnel acted competently in an unusual situation in the ocean. During one of the exercises, in the immediate vicinity of the destroyer, ships of the the capitalist countries operated near by. It is theorized they probably wanted to test the degree of training of the Pacific Fleet. The signalman, sailor Alexander Abramenko, said that the foreign ship began a dangerous turn and at the same time raised the flag meaning 'limited in their ability to maneuver' He immediately reported this to the officer of the watch. Not missing a beat, he turned the knob on the engine telegraph the to full reverse. Obedient professionals, the different machinists - Turbinist P. Vaytyulevich and Seaman A. Baytinger, boiler machinist Petty Officer 2nd Class A. Soloninko, Seaman W. Sirbu, and sailor Smirnov . The entire chain , from the signalman to helmsmen to machinists worked well as a single unit.

Very popular among sailors at remote garrisons are the so-called "days of life ." Organized and conducted by the military trade department and headed by a deputy of the city council A. Horoshavtsevym. On a pre- designated day at the time of ships arriving, sellers from the garrison department store, barber, photographer, and tailors are on hand and makeshift stalls are set up with cookies, candy, fruit , electrical gadgets. For the sailors, who are often denied the opportunity to visit the local shops, this is a great opportunity to buy nice clothes for themselves and loved ones, take pictures , sew clothes. In a short time these days were spent in the parts where the sailors rotate from ship duty.


I'll do the Baltic, Leningrad Region, Med, Black Sea, and Caspian Flotilla tomorrow

[smudge56]

Fascinated stuff.

[mrfeizhu]

that's the way Communists write things, I see things written in Chinese than translated into English like that all the time. Every thing is glorious for the state. Students born before 1980 used to write at the end of a paper for for school would have to write and we will work hard to build a better society. So keeping with this thought we must work had to help develop a better Command: Modern Air / Naval Operations and its fourm