Early October saw the Germans maintain their offensive towards Moscow. The equivalent of 2 armies were encircled around Kaluga and in the centre. Of particular concern, the Germans had forced the broad Oka river threatening the southern approach to Moscow.

Stavka's orders to the exhausted units that had suffered defeat after defeat in September was clear. The enemy were just over 50 miles from Moscow, there was no space to retreat.
In an attempt to stall the Germans, Vasilevsky's 22 Army struck and managed to open a narrow supply corridor to the units of 54 Army.

[1]

(Part of 22 Army's offensive)
To the south, the cavalry formations of 4 Army widened the corridor to the formations at Kaluga.

Among the debris of the battlefield, the Soviet cavalrymen found the wrecked remnants of a completely new German tank. NKVD units were hastily dispatched and the tanks removed for closer examination.

(destroyed Tiger tank north of Kaluga)
The units deep in the pocket tried to broaden the corridor by attacking out but these attacks mostly failed with very heavy losses.

In the meantime Stavka decided to gamble. With the German Panzers fully committed at Moscow, the estimate was the rest of their front lacked any armoured formations. Despite losing much of their best infantry to reinforce the Moscow battles, Crimean, South-Eastern and Trans-Caucasus Fronts were ordered over to the offensive. To assist, Stavka released 3 Tank Armies from reserve [2]. Combined with the armour of Crimean Front, this meant the Soviet southern forces had almost 4,000 tanks.

Protected by a massive VVS deployment from reserve, the Soviets were prepared to gamble with the fickle autumn weather in the south and the German fixation on Moscow.
[3]
OOB

Losses remained high. The Germans lost 27,000 men (10,000 killed), 240 tanks (in the various Moscow battles) and 150 planes. Soviet losses were 82.000 men (18,000 killed and 40,000 prisoners), 440 tanks and 340 planes.
[1] At the moment, almost all the German armour is here, oddly I want to keep it relatively immobile rather than allow it to shift to a weaker sector.
[2] Voronezh Front
[3] This is a rather risky plan B. I'd originally been planning another major retreat down here, give up Rostov and deploy weak forces to the Caucasus and the bulk to Stalingrad-Voronezh sector. The complete lack of any German mobile units makes this a gamble worth considering ... how well it works will depend on the weather and if I have misjudged about the location of the Pzrs.























