Altitude effect for CAP...

Uncommon Valor: Campaign for the South Pacific covers the campaigns for New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and the Solomon chain.

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Hornblower
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Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Hornblower »

I've often wondered this, so I figured I would ask. For CAP, I station all the allied fighters except for P-39/400's at 20,000 feet.
Book states that the escorting fighters will be a few thousand feet above the bombers they are escorting. And as i find normally the AI sends the bombers in at 6,000 feet, I'm guessing I am giving my CAP a height advantage of almost 10k.

That being said, I have seen posts were some players are putting there fighters at 25,000. Is there any advantage in terms of the game of 25k vrs 20k when playing the AI? :confused:
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Post by CatLord »

Is there any advantage at being so high in the sky ? :eek:

I tend to put my CAP (if I have two groups) at 2 level, one to get the lvl bomber (at 6-8k), one to get the torpedoes bomber (generally very low 1-2k).

Is it a big mistake ?

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Mike Wood
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Post by Mike Wood »

Hello...

I select the following missions and altitudes for my aircraft. Works pretty well.

100' - Fighters on strafe missions
15,000' - Fighters on CAP or sweep
Bomber Altitude + 1000' - Fighters on Escort

100' - Fighter Bombers on Naval Attack
10,000' - Fighters Bombers on Bombing

100' - Night Fighters on intruder missions
8,000' - Night Fighters on Night CAP

5,000' - Torpedo Bombers on Naval Attack
9,000' - Torpedo Bombers on Bombing

12,000' - Dive Bombers

9,000' - Nells and Betties on all day missions
6,000' - Nells and Betties on all night missions

1,000' - Other Two Engine Bombers on Naval Attack
12,000' - Other Two Engine Bombers on Bombing

20,000' - Four Engine Bombers on Bombing

Hope this Helps...

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Post by DJAndrews »

Somewhere in old threads sombody gave guidance for dive bombers, saying that above 15000 feet the squadrons break into groups of 9 when making their bomb runs and below this altitude they break into groups of 4. The former being more effective, at least in naval attack.
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RE:

Post by ViperMaul »

I would like to know the answer to this question.
Any Guru's around to answer the above questions?
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CAP ALTITUDE

Post by patrickl »

Hi,

I would put my fighters at 19,000 while fighter bombers at 10,000. At 19,000 they can dive easily and I think they destroy more enemy planes than having to start at low altitude and having to climb to attack. You could try with some saved games where carriers from both sides are in close proxmity and see the results[:)]
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RE: CAP ALTITUDE

Post by Gen.Hoepner »

Well 20,000 ft seems to me too much!
I generally put my fighters at 12,000 and a little part of them at 8,000.
I always watch the air to air combat reports and my 12000 ft fighters never have to climb towards enemy escorting planes,so i wonder that altitude is ok for interception.Many times when you set an higher altitude even if you dive on bombers after havin' destroyed the escorting fighters you may not be in time to clash the bombers before they hit their targets
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Apollo11 »

Hi all,

I play all my PBEMs with "House Rule" that no altitude above 20000 ft is allowed (almost 100% realistic in UV timeframe).

Within that span (i.e. 100 ft - 20000 ft) we "play" with altitudes in my PBEMs and I can really say that they do make a _BIG_ difference when properly set...


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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Subchaser »

ORIGINAL: Apollo11
I play all my PBEMs with "House Rule" that no altitude above 20000 ft is allowed (almost 100% realistic in UV timeframe).

Why do you think that there was no high altitude combat in South Pacific in ’42-’43? Already in may’42 Zeros sometimes operated over PM as high as 30.000 ft. Of course major action was usually much lower, at 5000 –12000 ft, but high altitude engagements were not such a rare case to issue a special rule.
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Harald1050 »

Servus!

I am not sure, but i remember this, that if you are 5000ft+ above or below the incoming bombers you might miss them, so i have several levels depending on how many fighter squads are stationed at the base:
CAP 5000 to 6000 for the usual bomber level and then raising in 3000ft interval (9000, 12000 and so on).
Generally it is better for fighters to dive on incoming enemy planes than to climb. But if you are too high, as mentioned above, there is a good chance to miss (imagine incoming enemy planes at 6000 and you fly CAP at 20000 or even higher).

Hope this helped.

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Post by Odin »

Some fighter types lacks performance above a certain altitude, was it 10000 feet for a P-40?[&:]

Fighting above this altitude gives them a handicap, is it right?
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Post by Gen.Hoepner »

Yes the p-40s have a good handicap above 10,000 ft ..i guess also p-39 and p-400 have the same problem.The handicap is clearly related to zero's performaces,especially for climb rate
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Apollo11 »

Hi all,
ORIGINAL: Subchaser

Why do you think that there was no high altitude combat in South Pacific in ’42-’43? Already in may’42 Zeros sometimes operated over PM as high as 30.000 ft. Of course major action was usually much lower, at 5000 –12000 ft, but high altitude engagements were not such a rare case to issue a special rule.

The only mention of such altitudes I found in Saburo Sakai's book.

I love that book and I have read it several times in past 10-15 years since I first noticed it but I found that statement very dubious.

The 30000 ft is almost 10 km and that's almost troposphere.

Almost all piston driven aircraft (especially those not purposely build for that altitude) would have _HUGE_ problems first going there and then doing something useful there.

Also we are talking about _EXTREME_ humid South Pacific where climbing to altitude is even harder.

And let us not forget special pressurized cabins, heating, clothes and other needed equipment...


Therefore, with all do respect, all altitudes above 20000 ft are really not historic at all for UV timeframe (1942/1943) and South Pacific...


Leo "Apollo11"
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by crsutton »

ORIGINAL: Subchaser
ORIGINAL: Apollo11
I play all my PBEMs with "House Rule" that no altitude above 20000 ft is allowed (almost 100% realistic in UV timeframe).

Why do you think that there was no high altitude combat in South Pacific in ’42-’43? Already in may’42 Zeros sometimes operated over PM as high as 30.000 ft. Of course major action was usually much lower, at 5000 –12000 ft, but high altitude engagements were not such a rare case to issue a special rule.

What is your source for this? My understanding is that the zero performed very poorly at 20,000 feet. The same design features-high wing loading and large flaps that gave it the edge at medium altitudes, worked against it at higher altitudes. This was the case with virtually all first generation fighters. The wildcat, P40 and zero all did not work very well at high altitude.

At high altitude, where the air is thin, opposing forces tend to take effect and planes that perform well at low altitude tend to not do so higher up. The most important feature that a superior high altitude fighter has is lots of horsepower. (the zero had a low horsepower engine) In the thin air, it was much more important than sleek design. Look at the P47, who would think that fat ugly brute would have been one of the best high altitude fighters of the war. First generation planes were not designed for high altitudes-the zero included. Get them up to about 20,000 feet and they were all pigs. Forget about using the zero at 30,000.
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Howard Mitchell »

John Lundstrom's 'The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign', ISBN 1-55750-526-8, gives details of the Japanese raids on Guadalcanal. They often would fly in well above 20,000 feet.

Just opening the book at random and choosing one incident, the 12th September raid (page 193), the G4Ms attacked from 27,880 feet (8,500m) with escorting A6Ms above and behind. They descended to 24,000 feet in a shallow dive to pick up speed for the bombing run and escape.
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Subchaser »

ORIGINAL: Apollo11

Hi all,
ORIGINAL: Subchaser

Why do you think that there was no high altitude combat in South Pacific in ’42-’43? Already in may’42 Zeros sometimes operated over PM as high as 30.000 ft. Of course major action was usually much lower, at 5000 –12000 ft, but high altitude engagements were not such a rare case to issue a special rule.

The only mention of such altitudes I found in Saburo Sakai's book.

I love that book and I have read it several times in past 10-15 years since I first noticed it but I found that statement very dubious.

The 30000 ft is almost 10 km and that's almost troposphere.

Almost all piston driven aircraft (especially those not purposely build for that altitude) would have _HUGE_ problems first going there and then doing something useful there.

Also we are talking about _EXTREME_ humid South Pacific where climbing to altitude is even harder.

And let us not forget special pressurized cabins, heating, clothes and other needed equipment...


Therefore, with all do respect, all altitudes above 20000 ft are really not historic at all for UV timeframe (1942/1943) and South Pacific...


Leo "Apollo11"

Yes Sakai mentioned this as I remember, but let’s start with the book which is on my table right now and I bet you have it too, it’s Bergerud’s “Fire in the Sky”. Part 3 is full of examples. In my edition pages 472, 493, 496, 497, 498, 500, 503, 504… etc. and he11 many more. “Zeros at 26000 ft”, “dive to 18000 ft”, “fights started at 25000ft” “we were at 32000(!) ft”. If you don’t trust Bergerud or think that cited veterans didn’t remember such details well enough, okay, let’s approach this question from this point.

There a lot more trustworthy material which indicates that high altitude combat was nothing unusual in South Pacific in 1942-43. Of course such extreme altitudes were not the best place for ww2 planes to operate, but it were only bombers who kept high altitudes almost entire mission, fighters were always trying to climb as high as possible to get initial altitude advantage, the only limit was ceiling and cloud edge and in some cases type of the mission. Combat started at high altitudes inevitably went to medium and low altitudes soon after the first shot. The main goal was to engage enemy from as high as possible, to dive on him, not to wait him at 30000ft.

Pressurized cabin? Only B-29 was equipped with it, but combat at 35000 ft in ETO was common practice and there were no B-29s around. Clothes, high altitude gear? Look at numerous photos of that period, US and Japanese pilots often wear winter flying suits despite horrible heat and oxygen masks as well, there is no need for this if you’re not going to climb really high.

Btw, troposphere starts from 15-16 km up to 20-22 km.

So, I cannot agree that high altitude combat in UV is not historic, it is.

As I remember you have implemented some very good house rules in your games, I even added a couple to my own set, but this one is bad, it steals some very good tactical schemes and makes air combat more predictable
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Subchaser »

ORIGINAL: Howard Mitchell

John Lundstrom's 'The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign', ISBN 1-55750-526-8, gives details of the Japanese raids on Guadalcanal. They often would fly in well above 20,000 feet.

Just opening the book at random and choosing one incident, the 12th September raid (page 193), the G4Ms attacked from 27,880 feet (8,500m) with escorting A6Ms above and behind. They descended to 24,000 feet in a shallow dive to pick up speed for the bombing run and escape.

[;)]Righ on! This is exellent book.
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Subchaser »

ORIGINAL: crsutton
ORIGINAL: Subchaser
ORIGINAL: Apollo11
I play all my PBEMs with "House Rule" that no altitude above 20000 ft is allowed (almost 100% realistic in UV timeframe).

Why do you think that there was no high altitude combat in South Pacific in ’42-’43? Already in may’42 Zeros sometimes operated over PM as high as 30.000 ft. Of course major action was usually much lower, at 5000 –12000 ft, but high altitude engagements were not such a rare case to issue a special rule.

What is your source for this? My understanding is that the zero performed very poorly at 20,000 feet. The same design features-high wing loading and large flaps that gave it the edge at medium altitudes, worked against it at higher altitudes. This was the case with virtually all first generation fighters. The wildcat, P40 and zero all did not work very well at high altitude.

At high altitude, where the air is thin, opposing forces tend to take effect and planes that perform well at low altitude tend to not do so higher up. The most important feature that a superior high altitude fighter has is lots of horsepower. (the zero had a low horsepower engine) In the thin air, it was much more important than sleek design. Look at the P47, who would think that fat ugly brute would have been one of the best high altitude fighters of the war. First generation planes were not designed for high altitudes-the zero included. Get them up to about 20,000 feet and they were all pigs. Forget about using the zero at 30,000.

Well, at first, name at least one source, which states that combat above 20000ft. in south pacific was unique event, then I'll post the list of my sources with opposite opinion.
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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by jmkas »

Well, while everyone is figuring out how high the fighting went....on a related note is there any way to intercept recon (photo) missions with your base CAP? I have had hundreds of recon missions flown against my bases, and I have had all sorts of CAP up with just about every combination of fatigue, morale, experience and altitudes...but I have never ever engaged a photo recon mission. Is there some sort of trick? Do they fly too high for the CAP (thats why I posted it here...the height thing!) [:D]

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RE: Altitude effect for CAP...

Post by Apollo11 »

Hi all,
ORIGINAL: Subchaser

Yes Sakai mentioned this as I remember, but let's start with the book which is on my table right now and I bet you have it too, it's Bergerud's "Fire in the Sky". Part 3 is full of examples. In my edition pages 472, 493, 496, 497, 498, 500, 503, 504… etc. and he11 many more. "Zeros at 26000 ft", "dive to 18000 ft", "fights started at 25000ft" "we were at 32000(!) ft". If you don't trust Bergerud or think that cited veterans didn't remember such details well enough, okay, let's approach this question from this point.

There a lot more trustworthy material which indicates that high altitude combat was nothing unusual in South Pacific in 1942-43. Of course such extreme altitudes were not the best place for ww2 planes to operate, but it were only bombers who kept high altitudes almost entire mission, fighters were always trying to climb as high as possible to get initial altitude advantage, the only limit was ceiling and cloud edge and in some cases type of the mission. Combat started at high altitudes inevitably went to medium and low altitudes soon after the first shot. The main goal was to engage enemy from as high as possible, to dive on him, not to wait him at 30000ft.

Pressurized cabin? Only B-29 was equipped with it, but combat at 35000 ft in ETO was common practice and there were no B-29s around. Clothes, high altitude gear? Look at numerous photos of that period, US and Japanese pilots often wear winter flying suits despite horrible heat and oxygen masks as well, there is no need for this if you're not going to climb really high.

Btw, troposphere starts from 15-16 km up to 20-22 km.

So, I cannot agree that high altitude combat in UV is not historic, it is.

As I remember you have implemented some very good house rules in your games, I even added a couple to my own set, but this one is bad, it steals some very good tactical schemes and makes air combat more predictable


a) Troposphere

From my Webster:

trop-o-sphere (trop'uh sfeer , troh'puh-) n.

The lowest layer of the atmosphere,
varying in height from 6 to 12 mi. (10
to 20 km), within which nearly all
clouds and weather conditions occur.


From my MS Encarta:

Troposphere, lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere and the site of all weather processes making up its climate (weather over long periods of time). The troposphere extends up to an altitude of about 11 km (7 mi) above the polar zones and to about 16 km (10 mi) above the equatorial regions. The tropopause forms the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere.



b) "House Rule" setting for altitudes above 20000 ft in UV (and WitP)

I have following reservations (i.e. reasons):


#1
The UV (and I presume WitP) does not take into account the time aircraft need to climb to altitude.

This is very long process (especially in very humid South Pacific) that burns lot of fuel.

As result burned fuel means that range is (severly) impaired.

But in our UV (and I presume WitP) that's not taken into account.

Aircraft have 100% same range when they fly at 100 ft or at 30000 ft.


#2
Most, if not all, aircraft (except those built on purpose) have extremely sluggish response and performance at high altitudes.

When flying is hard combat is even more difficult...

Except for penalty for P-39 and P-400 (they have no turbocharger) when flying above 10000 ft (by deducting 1 point for maneuverability for ach 1000 ft) I think there is no other penalty for any other aircraft in UV (and I presume WitP).

All those aircraft can fight the same (we were never told otherwise) at 100 ft and at 1000 ft and at 20000 ft and at 30000 ft.

Therefore with introduction of altitude limit (albeit artificial) we help fixing this problem by allowing oly "optimum" altitudes.


#3
Altitude is advantage for both bombers and fighters. I agree.

Bombers are protected by altitude and can make shallow dives to increase speed (favorite technique of Germans over England in WWII).

Fighters diving from above have advantage.

But both described tactics have serious drawbacks as well...

Bombers have very hard time in shallow high speed dive to accurately line up and bomb.

Fighters have limits in dive speeds (especially true for early Zero models).


#4
OK, Bergerud lists that there was high altitude Japanese raids.

I don't have that book but do not wish to question it in any way (i.e. I agree with you and accept the info in it).

But my question is how big is percentage of those missions in total number of all missions flown by all sides (i.e. was it 0.1%, 5% or 50%)?

Were aircraft (and crews) involved in those missions "special" or just ordinary (i.e. flying all kind of missions and not hand picked)?



c) Conclusion

In UV (And WitP) we can choose to use our forces any way we want. We can do whatever we want and for many things that were, let's say it politely, ahistorical, we will not be punished.

IMHO the combat above 20000 ft is one of those and that's the only reason why I put it in my "House Rules".


Leo "Apollo11"


P.S.
One other reason for "House Rules". Did you know that in UV Zero has 100 ft less MAX altitude than B-17? Well... if you set your B-17 bombers to MAX altitude no Zero would _EVER_ intercept any B-17. It's perfect cheat not possible in RealWorld (tm) but it works just fine in UV...
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