戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post descriptions of your brilliant victories and unfortunate defeats here.
Bigfish2012
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun Jul 28, 2024 5:37 pm

Re: 戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post by Bigfish2012 »

#011 German-Japanese Spring War of 1929




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From the War Chronicles of Imperial Japan:





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Extra sheet of the Tōkyō Shinbun from Friday, May 03, 1929



Attempted suicide of Navy Minister Okada Keisuke failed!


Dramatic minutes at the Navy Ministry in the early hours of the morning. Adjutant prevents the minister's suicide at the last second.


Early this morning, Navy Minister Okada Keisuke tried to commit seppuku. At that very moment, his adjutant and two other non-commissioned officers entered the minister's office to deliver a dispatch from the Japanese embassy in Berlin. According to the Deputy Minister of the Navy, the three officers were able to prevent the suicide. In the ensuing scramble for the minister's tantō, his adjutant and one of the two non-commissioned officers were seriously injured. The minister's adjutant is in the hospital with life-threatening injuries. Minister of the Navy Okada Keisuke is in the military prison under the supervision of the Kempeitai.





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Extra sheet of the Tōkyō Shinbun from Friday, May 17, 1929



Navy Minister Okada Keisuke back in office!


After Minister of the Navy Okada Keisuke renewed his oath to the Emperor to serve the Emperor and the Japanese people until he was recalled by the Emperor, the Minister was allowed to leave the military prison. His first trip led the minister to the hospital, where he convinced himself of the well-being of his adjutant after he had struggled for his life for days.


However, the chapter about the unfortunate events off Formosa is probably far from over. From well-informed circles it was learned that the Imperial Japanese Navy is to undergo fundamental changes. It is not known whether this is to refer to the command structures, training or the floating units.




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Extra sheet of the Tōkyō Shinbun from Saturday 01 June 1929



The war is over!


Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi announced this morning the end of the war with the German Empire.
Secret negotiations in Paris mediated by the French government have allegedly convinced both sides to silence the weapons. Details are not yet known.




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>> Memorandum of the Kaigun-chūjō Kichisaburō Nomura on the German-Japanese Spring War of 1929 <<



Honored officers and members of the 大本営 (Daihon'ei),


In deep gratitude for the tasks entrusted to me, I have the privilege of expressing my experience to you as commanding officer in both battles of the German-Japanese Spring War.


This war began surprisingly and ended unexpectedly. His two battles were also surprising.




The Japanese battle tactics, which have proven themselves for almost thirty years, no longer work!




I cannot deny that on the basis of personal experience, the Admiralty cannot deny that. Even if Japan was ultimately able to gain new bases, this is not due to the results of the naval battles, but to the overall disadvantageous strategic position of our adversary.


Tactically, however, the commander-in-chief of the German High Seas Fleet - Admiral Erich Johann Albert Raeder - did everything right. We have to acknowledge and understand that. The fact that the naval battle in the Yellow Sea on March 19, 1929 ended in our favor was more luck and coincidence than the superiority of our own forces.


During the convoy battle off Keelung on April 27, 1929, our luck was exhausted. A technically far superior enemy ship has literally demonstrated our fleet despite overwhelming numerical superiority. Despite the phenomenal torpedo hit by student pilot Genda Minoru, this did not change the overall situation. The ambitions of our new delivery weapon may be great, but the successes are not. Nevertheless, it remains to be said that without the aircraft carrier we would not have scored a torpedo hit at all. Our destroyers had no opportunity to build on their earlier successes. I therefore note: Naval aviation is not yet able to sink an enemy and the destroyers are no longer able to sink an enemy. In addition, our modern capital ships are available in such small numbers that the use of these units depends on chance and our older capital ships do not deserve this name.


I recommend that the 軍令部 (Gunreibu) of the Imperial Japanese Navy significantly intensify the training of the pilots. To advance the construction of aircraft and to increase the construction of aircraft carriers. Capital ships are not superfluous, but henceforth of limited importance for the Japanese Navy. Our old warships have lost their usefulness! The importance of destroyers in future conflicts must be worked out more precisely by the honorable lords of the 軍令部 (Gunreibu).




Long live the Rengō Kantai, long live the Imperial Japanese Navy, long live the Emperor!





Kaigun-chūjō Kichisaburō Nomura, June 01, 1929





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#012 After the war is before the war!



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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Saturday, June 1, 1929


Stunned, Osaki Satoshi sat alone in his office late at night. Later in the afternoon, details of the peace treaty between Germany and Japan had become known and these details shed a new light on the attempted suicide of Navy Minister Okada Keisuke.



Japan had committed itself to scrapping 142 warships!




Among them are all twenty coastal submarines:

5 coastal submarines Type I-1
3 coastal submarines Type I-10
5 coastal submarines type I-22
7 coastal submarines Type I-33




One hundred and twelve destroyers and corvettes:

23 Asama Maru-class corvettes (600 tons each)
11 Murasaki Maru-class corvettes (600 tons each)
22 Akikaze-class destroyers (500 tons each)
7 Umikaze-class destroyers (600 tons each)
14 Oshio-class destroyers (600 tons each)
18 Minazuki-class destroyers (500 tons each)
10 Nowaki-class destroyers (600 tons each)
7 Ikazuchi-class destroyers (500 tons each)




Eight heavy cruisers:

6 Asama-class heavy cruisers (7,300 tons each)
2 Aso-class heavy cruisers (16,000 tons each)




And the two aircraft motherships:

2 Oryoku Maru-class aircraft motherships (5,000 tons each)





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For the Imperial Japanese Navy, this was a considerable bloodletting.


The number of heavy cruisers has halved. The same applies to the number of escort ships, if you consider destroyers and corvettes together. With the submarines it was also considerable, but not quite as dramatic, especially since the coastal submarines had never really played an important role.


However, the scrapping of the two aircraft motherships was completely incomprehensible. These were not only the two newest ships on the entire list, but also ships whose weapon system supposedly represented the future – the aircraft.


Did this war end with a victory or a defeat for Japan? They had won German bases, but was it worth it? In terms of numbers, it was the biggest cut for the fleet in recent decades and the destroyers have been Japan's pride and joy so far. Virtually all naval victories of the last thirty years have been due to the powerful Japanese torpedo weapon. These were the terror of the seas, if you asked representatives of European nations. This is exactly why there was certainly the biggest cut here. Could the Imperial Japanese Navy cope with this cut?


Osaki Satoshi knew that the next few months and years would be more exciting than they had been for decades.



He remembered. Back to that memorable Fourteenth of July, in the year Eighteen Ninety-Seven!



On this day, he entered the office of the Minister of the Navy Saigō Tsugumichi for the first time with his foster father, editor-in-chief Kamata Itachi. The opulent office with its gold decorations, which he had entered so often afterwards. On this day he was completely inflamed by the Imperial Navy, on this day he was one of the first to gain insight into the new fleet of the Japanese Empire. Exactly this feeling from back then came back to him now – Japan left these old ships behind – it was now necessary to build up a new fleet that would be prepared for the future!




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, July 4, 1929


What followed barely a month later was logical from Osaki Satoshi's point of view. The navy scrapped practically all old capital ships.



At the same time, this was a slap in the face to the French government!



Japan was thus declaring to the entire world that it had planned to scrap its obsolete ships anyway, because these ships were not on the list of negotiations of the peace treaty. This also made it clear why the Japanese emissaries had so readily agreed to the negotiations in Paris. Of course, not without announcing a drama and that this was the death knell for the Imperial Japanese Navy, but nevertheless conspicuously willing to agree.


Japan may not have wanted this war – at least not at that time – but it could live more than well with the result, Satoshi now realized.
He briefly speculated whether the loss of the Nisshin was also a set-up? But he rejected this thought as quickly as it had come.





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Editorial office of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Monday, August 5, 1929


With the summer, the quiet day-to-day business in peacetime began again. As editor-in-chief, it was now up to Osaki Satoshi himself how he dealt with his editorial team. There was less work than in wartime, but on the other hand it was clear that a change was imminent. So he would turn his attention to the shipyards, as he had done before.



He could guess what direction the fleet would take. But he also knew that the military was always good for surprises – even if it required murder!




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#178 RTW2-JAP#
Bigfish2012
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun Jul 28, 2024 5:37 pm

Re: 戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post by Bigfish2012 »

#012 After the war is before the war!



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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Tuesday, September 03, 1929


After all the decommissioning in the Imperial Japanese Navy, one of the first acts was to take stock. The result was clear! Compared to the other navies, the Japanese navy was tiny. Japan had a total of six battleships and battlecruisers. The other maritime powers had each listed something around twenty to over fifty battleships and battlecruisers in the fleet register.


The situation was different with the declared ship class of the coming decade. Japan was the only nation with operational large aircraft carriers. Two were in service, two more were under construction. Only the United States of America had a large aircraft carrier under construction, the other nations nothing. This looked neutral for the light aircraft carriers. Here, the Japanese Navy had already had four units in service for several years, but no more were under construction. All other nations also had light aircraft carriers, here even Russia was in the lead with five units, but only the Empire seemed to want to achieve a higher number here. The worldwide newbuildings of this ship class were manageable.


The fact that Japan still had a standard ship of the line in the ship register was an anomaly. This ship, the venerable Mikasa, was a museum ship and was currently moored at 小 野浜造船所 (Onohama Zōsenjo) (Kure Naval Shipyard).


Things looked better with the heavy cruisers. Apart from Japan, however, only the German Empire seemed to hold on to this type of ship. In the light cruisers, there was something like a tie, if Russia was disregarded.


Japan has traditionally been the leader in destroyers, but it was precisely this class of ships that had disappointed recently. Behind closed doors, it was learned that the time of the torpedo carriers was coming to an end. The earlier successes could no longer be achieved because the firepower and precision of the artillery had reached a level that made successful torpedo attacks questionable. However, it was said that these destroyers had a new task. The ever-improving U-boats had become a serious danger and the destroyers seemed to be the means of choice to do something about it.


This was also true of the corvettes, but destroyers were simply more diverse and able to accompany the large ships because of their range and speed. Corvettes were not able to do that.


Among the U-boats, the Imperial Fleet was not in the lead, but it was not defeated either. In terms of the total number of aircraft, Japan was again in the lead, albeit only barely.




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It was also significant that the construction of the new super battleship Fuji was stopped from the beginning, while the construction of the other aircraft carriers was in full swing. The conversion of three older light cruisers also proceeded quickly and with the Suzuya class there were two very large heavy cruisers in the plan.





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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, December 19, 1929


By mid-December, only ongoing projects had been completed and otherwise the military remained silent. Osaki Satoshi attributed this to a strange kind of lethargy that seemed to affect all of Japan. He had the impression that the world was holding its breath and waiting spellbound for the beginning of the new decade.



The 1920s had made Japan a serious maritime power, and now the world seemed to be eyeing what this Asian people would do in the 1930s?



Gradually, the shock of the Great Earthquake had been overcome and most of the damage had been repaired. The capital Tōkyō seemed to feel comfortable in its new guise and attracted more and more foreign travelers, but it was also rumored that quite a few of these travelers were foreign spies who seemed to be particularly interested in Japanese shipyards.


Whatever the facts were in the end, since the beginning of December no one had any desire to work. In mid-December, Satoshi released most of the editorial team and also included himself. Throughout the country, the most comprehensive preparations for a New Year's Eve that Satoshi had ever experienced were underway, and he couldn't get away from them.



The nineteen hundred and thirties were imminent and many things would be different – at least that's what everyone he talked to believed!





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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Sunday, January 5, 1930


It should usher in the new decade peacefully! On the weekend after the turn of the year, France had invited to an international New Year's regatta to promote understanding, cooperation and peaceful coexistence between nations. The crew of the participating boat from Japan did not want to consider the claim of the Grande Nation as the organizer of the race to win alone. The French raged and spoke of cheating, because the Japanese athletes all belonged to the military and had certainly been trained for the race for weeks or months, which meant that they crossed the finish line with a considerable lead.


The scandal was perfect, the regatta had achieved the opposite of its intention and a note of protest from the French envoy fluttered onto the Foreign Minister's desk.





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#179 RTW2-JAP#
Bigfish2012
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun Jul 28, 2024 5:37 pm

Re: 戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post by Bigfish2012 »

#012 After the war is before the war!



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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, March 14, 1930


After the atmospheric start to the year in France, the situation calmed down in the first months of 1930. The countless decommissionings of the past year have now been followed by the modernization of the remaining ships, as well as the expansion of the capabilities of the 帝国海軍航空隊 (Teikoku Kaigun Kōkūtai - Imperial Japanese Naval Air Force). The planned base expansion now also affected the naval air force and no longer only the fleet. Osaki Satoshi took this as an opportunity to pay a little more attention to the bases.


Here it was clear that a quarter of the Navy's maintenance budget now flowed into the naval air force. It became apparent that the numerically small Japanese fleet would hardly become larger as a result. Viewed over a period of ten years, and that the expenditure would certainly increase, this amounted to three to four heavy cruisers that the Navy would be missing, or two more battleships.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Saturday, March 15, 1930


As if to confirm his thesis that the naval air force needed a lot of funding, Osaki Satoshi received the news just one day later that the navy had given up building the super-battleship Fuji. This decision caused quite a stir because thousands of shipyard workers had become unemployed. The ministry accused such reports of being a reprehensible lie and announced that all workers for the Fuji would now be needed for the modernization of more destroyers. This meant that a good thirty destroyers were in the process of being converted.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Sunday, June 22, 1930


The spring and early summer of 1930 were marked by the usual political intrigues and marginal progress in shipbuilding. This ended abruptly on the weekend of June 21, when a large Russian naval group appeared in the Sea of Japan and caused panic throughout the country. Everywhere there were whispers of a Russian revenge attack on Japan and voices became loud after a preemptive strike. However, nothing happened in the course of Saturday. Although all sailors were ordered to their ships, none of them left their berth unscheduled. However, there was all the more activity with the maritime reconnaissance and torpedo bombers. They flew missions to the limit in order to nip a Russian attack in the bud if the worst came to the worst.


Apparently, the navy knew more than it admitted and on Sunday the Russian envoy in Tokyo declared the seizure of South Korea for the Tsarist Empire. The reaction of the Minister of the Navy followed less than an hour later when he explained what excellent targets the Russian positions in Pusan would be for the brand-new Japanese dive bombers.


However, it was learned from the inner circles of the Navy that the developments in South Korea were perceived as a serious problem. South Korea was something like a Russian dagger at Japan's throat. It was not to be expected that this would be accepted without action.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, July 3, 1930


The government publicly declared its dissatisfaction with its own maritime strength, but the Ministry of the Navy responded to this accusation not with words, but with deeds. It took more destroyers out of the active fleet and sent these ships to the shipyards.


Osaki Satoshi could not remember the Navy ever letting such an opportunity of warmongering pass him by. He became aware that something was going on in the government or within the military that had not yet been made public.




Was the shock of the past conflict deeper than it seemed?





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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Wednesday, November 19, 1930


Whatever was going on in the Navy, it had to be something big. The navy was so busy with itself that Russia succeeded in the next coup in November and the Tsarist Empire was now able to gain a foothold in the South Pacific. The Navy limited itself to the re-India positions of its modernized destroyers and the new aircraft carrier Akagi. For many years, the navy's expenditures have not been permanently in the red, but the ministry has even saved money.


Osaki Satoshi still hadn't even heard a whisper about the reason for all this.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, November 28, 1930


At the end of November, nothing changed in the behavior of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The design of a new, even larger aircraft carrier was put out to tender and after the destroyers, the battleships now took the path to overhaul and modernization.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, January 9, 1931


The rest of the year was unexcited, but you could feel that the world was holding its breath. The power shifts in the Pacific region were a topic of conversation in Europe. Especially because it was the rather weak Russia that had achieved clear successes here. Not Germany, not France and certainly not the Empire.




This caused astonishment!




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#180 RTW2-JAP#
Bigfish2012
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun Jul 28, 2024 5:37 pm

Re: 戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post by Bigfish2012 »

#012 After the war is before the war!




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Ministry of Navy of the Imperial Japanese Navy – Thursday, March 5, 1931



Secretary of the Navy Abo Kiyokazu sat at the heavy wooden desk, as so many ministers of the navy had done before him. His rather hapless and unpopular predecessor Takarabe Takeshi left office last October and was entrusted with only unimportant tasks. For the last few months since he took office, Abo Kiyokazu had not been available to speak for anyone. But now he granted the Tōkyō Shinbun an exclusive interview.


Osaki Satoshi took a seat opposite the minister after the usual greetings and pulled out his notepad.



"Mr. Minister of the Navy," Satoshi began the interview.


"Your predecessor was unable to maintain his position in the ministry despite the best connections."



Minister of the Navy Abo Kiyokazu cleared his throat audibly...



"It is said that he had lost support among the population due to irritating statements and questionable decisions regarding the Russian advance in the Asian region?"



Navy Minister Abo Kiyokazu remained silent on this statement



"Since he took office almost half a year ago, however, nothing has changed in the policy of the Navy. The capture of Bougainville by the Tsarist Empire already falls during his term of office. Nevertheless, nothing has changed!"



...



"Mr. Osaki, you yourself have written some apt editorials in recent years and have often aroused the displeasure of the Navy. Well, you know, he who sows grains of truth reaps displeasure."


"Mr. Mar..."



Minister of the Navy Abo Kiyokazu raised his hand!



"Please don't interrupt me, Mr. Osaki!"



Osaki Satoshi nodded.



"The truth is, and you were one of the first to realize this, that the Imperial Japanese Navy, despite all its successes, is currently not competitive. The events surrounding the Nisshin have made that clear to everyone."


"We had a tactic that worked extraordinarily successfully for almost thirty years and was easy to do thanks to the Japanese economy with its shipyards. Destroyers are easy, cheap, and quick to build. But they have their disadvantages, which became exclusively an advantage for us. Their short range prevented the European naval powers from operating comprehensively with their destroyers in Asia. The Imperial Japanese Navy was different. Our destroyers were always able to rely on nearby ports and thus bring any enemy to its knees with almost insane numbers."


"Against dozens of destroyers with their torpedoes, the enemy battleships were simply defenseless."




"That has changed!"




"It also didn't matter how old and slow our destroyers have been so far. We always had enough to decide the battles in our favor. Of course, there was also what we often call bizarre behavior of our opponents, but even with capable leadership of our enemies, we would have always dominated the Asian waters until the middle of the last decade. That has changed!"


"The High Seas Fleet has shown that this tactic no longer works. Destroyers have not become worthless, but they can no longer bring about an easy victory. We need battleships, but we can't build them in sufficient numbers. In addition, we urgently need technological superiority of each individual ship in the fleet. The Nisshin was not a battlecruiser, you know, Mr. Osaki, and the Nisshin was not technologically superior."


"My predecessor therefore did the only right thing. He avoided any escalation. He had all completely unusable ships scrapped and he initiated measures to comprehensively modernize all remaining ships. When we're done with that, we'll have the most modern fleet of any nation. Of course, a twenty-year-old battleship hull is no more modern than a two-year-old battleship hull. A twenty-knot battleship will not become a thirty-knots battleship, but all artillery, ammunition, torpedo launchers, depth charges, radio equipment, even the crews' berths will be the most modern we have. And on all ships from battleships to corvettes."


"The aircraft carriers play a special role, which is why new units are constantly being laid down here. I'll put it this way:"




"Aircraft carriers are Japan's new destroyers!"




Now Satoshi interrupted...



"Mr. Minister, the aircraft carriers have always looked different so far..."


"Mr. Osaki, how is your son Okada?"


"Please?"


"Your son Okada, how is he, where is he at the moment?"


"Mr. Minister, I have to confess to you that I don't know. You probably know what happened in the past. Since then, I have avoided asking my children for information about their military service."


"That's good, Mr. Osaki, but you've already noticed that nothing has happened to you for a long time. We need the press for our purposes. You know that very well, and so I know that you expect something in return. Otherwise you wouldn't be here today!"



"So your son Okada has recently been on the new aircraft carrier Akagi!"



"For this, he has just been promoted to squadron commander of the thirty-three fifty-three Sentai. This squadron is still equipped with the Yokosuka Shuka, but that will change soon. Your son is also involved in this, because he supports the Kokuki shikenjo of the 海軍航空本部 (Kaigun Kōkū Hombu - Imperial Japanese Naval Aviation Bureau). And very successfully, if I may say!"



"Why don't you ask your son what he thinks about the future of aircraft carriers?



"Well, the time is well advanced and I have an appointment at the naval shipyard. You now know what we do. We are modernizing the entire fleet and it will take months and years before we are finished with all the ships. Only then will there be comprehensive new ships, unless there are unexpected reasons to lay up new ships beforehand. Aircraft carriers are to become the new backbone of the fleet and your son is significantly involved in this."



"Make something of it, let the Navy's actions appear in a favorable light, it should not be to your harm!"



Stunned, Osaki Satoshi left the office of Navy Minister Abo Kiyokazu. He didn't know what shocked him more? This total honesty of the minister or that his son had taken an important role within the Naval Air Force?





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Picture 161: Minister of the Navy Abo Kiyokazu
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File ... yokazu.jpg
Author: Unknown author
Info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyokazu_Abo







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Editors of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, June 18, 1931


The new unspoken arrangement with the marine mister was both a stroke of luck and a burden for Osaki Satoshi. In recent weeks, he had deliberately and yet inconspicuously published numerous articles about the Imperial Japanese Navy. He had to realize that it was anything but easy to write positive articles that still maintained the appearance of criticism for which he had been known for decades. Nobody would have believed him to make an open turn. Of course, everyone in the editorial office was informed. Those who had a problem with this had long since been transferred. If possible, where they could not cause any damage in the future. Stubborn cases were suddenly drafted by the military and had to serve in the overseas territories. But of course, the competition had not missed the change in reporting.


Osaki Satoshi had no direct influence on this. But he had an idea that he could now officially implement with the help of his son. All Japanese daily newspapers were invited to a maneuver. All editorial offices were allowed to send an editor and a photographer to the Akagi to observe the squadron's training flights directly on board. This maneuver would be meticulously prepared to show the press, and Russia in particular, what it meant to seek confrontation with Japan. The navy would demonstrate the full power of its carrier fleet with great effort in the hope that the suspicion of the last few months will be confronted with strength. Ideally, the scathing comments of the competition would be stifled and the Navy would be given exactly the time it needed.


Until then, however, all that remained was the reporting of the usual.




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Editorial office of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Monday, August 10, 1931


In the summer, the navy decided to build new ones for its popular destroyers. Osaki Satoshi had learned that while destroyers were no longer used to decide battles, you could lose battles without excellent destroyers. The two new ship classes had as their objectives anti-aircraft defense, anti-submarine warfare, mine clearance and, in turn, the mining of enemy ports and trade routes. With their 2,500 tons, they are only suitable for this in the first place. Smaller destroyers would have too many restrictions for this wide range of tasks.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, January 15, 1932


The demonstration of the Japanese carrier weapon had the desired effect. The unrest in the press and among the population had then noticeably diminished and Russia had also avoided further provocations. The Navy was therefore able to calmly carry out its plans and push ahead with modernization. It was not until January 1932 that resentment about Russia arose again, but it was suppressed by all sides.





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#181 RTW2-JAP#
Bigfish2012
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun Jul 28, 2024 5:37 pm

Re: 戦争クロニクル帝国日本 – Sensō kuronikuru teikoku Nihon

Post by Bigfish2012 »

#012 After the war is before the war!



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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Wednesday, March 9, 1932


The beginning of the year, nineteen hundred and thirty-two, was quiet.


The military still did not want to start a new conflict and staged disputes with the Empire to distract from Russia. This unusual behavior naturally led to questions, whispering and the subliminal accusation that the top military leadership had even been "bought" from abroad. However, no evidence of this was found.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, June 23, 1932


The second quarter of the year was also quiet. The Navy was partly busy with conversions, partly with new buildings, with the focus clearly on the aircraft carriers and destroyers. Capital ships were neither under construction nor were new designs commissioned. This alone showed the new orientation of the fleet, although no one knew whether it would be the right way.


The tensions with Russia were serious but not dramatic, and yet the publishing house was not as quiet as it used to be.


Osaki Satoshi had all editorial offices and, of course, his office himself equipped with radio receivers from Tōkyō Station (JOAK). The JOAK was the first foreign-language station in Asia and had been on the air since 1925. However, the receivers were expensive and rare. Unlike the radio station he had had in the publishing house for some time, radio was not a matter of course. Now there was not always news to announce, which Satoshi was very happy about – he recognized the competition of radio for his newspaper – but the broadcasting frequencies did not remain unused. Therefore, music sounded from all editorial offices. If an editorial team managed to receive an Asian station other than the JOAK, then there was also musical mush and that in turn was anything but quiet!




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Tuesday, October 4, 1932


Over the summer, however, it became clear that a new conflict was brewing. The navy demanded higher government spending on fleet construction and got it. Ironically, this in turn led to less tension with Russia, which was beginning to remember the last experience in East Asia.



Osaki Satoshi could not really understand this, because the Russian fleet had been able to grow and prosper undisturbed for twenty-three years, and it did!



Compared to the ships of Japan, the Russian battle fleet was truly gigantic. In the aircraft carriers, however, all other nations were behind Japan without exception. Only the United States of America was able to keep up, but nothing more. In fact, the Japanese Navy was on perhaps its most dangerous journey. All other war fleets were still battleship fleets of the old school, only the Japanese fleet relied almost without exception on the new aircraft carrier weapon after the earlier internal disputes. A development that has so far only been able to draw attention to itself through chance hits.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, December 15, 1932


Towards the end of the year, the Ministry of the Navy announced the construction of new warships! However, when it became known that only twelve new corvettes had been put on the pile, one finally wondered whether the Japanese naval leadership still knew what it was doing?




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Wednesday, January 4, 1933


So the year nineteen hundred and thirty-two passed as quietly as it had begun, and it would probably not play a major role in the history books. All the more reason for everyone to be excited about nineteen hundred and thirty-three, because it would not be able to go on forever so calmly, almost boringly.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, March 2, 1933


In the navy, things went on just like the year before! After the extensive modernization of the destroyer fleet, the heavy cruisers gradually came into the dock to be converted to the latest state of the art. It seemed as if the same lethargy settled over the country as the year before. But then on the second of March, the people in Japan were literally shaken awake. Almost ten years after the destruction of Tōkyō by the great Kantō quake, the earth shook again. However, the Shōwa Sanriku earthquake had its epicenter before the continental shelf off the Sanriku coast. The most serious consequence was the destruction of Kamaishi Bay by the tsunami. Nevertheless, panic was palpable in the country, because the memories of the last severe earthquake were deeply rooted in the population (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_Sanriku_earthquake).




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Editors of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, May 18, 1933


The consistency in the Imperial Japanese Navy was indeed impressive. After the acquisition of two new aircraft carriers from the shipyards, a successor generation was ordered, but the rest of the construction activity was concentrated on the modernization of the light cruisers.


Osaki Satoshi became aware of one thing. As small as the Japanese war fleet was, it was certainly the most modern fleet in the world. That alone could make a difference and was one of the lessons from the fall of the Nisshin. Completely obsolete ships no longer existed in Japan's navy, and the ships that did exist were state-of-the-art.





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Editors of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, August 25, 1933


By the end of the summer, this year also became a spitting image of last year. Almost nothing happened. They clashed with Italy, but the resulting tensions were still lower than those with all other nations. Ships were taken over by the shipyards after the overhaul, new destroyers and aircraft carriers were ordered, more ships went into overhaul, nothing else happened!



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Editors of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, August 25, 1933

Osaki Satoshi had to do something, but there was nothing to do. There were also more and more voices in the editorial office as to whether they would live to see the end of the year, or whether the publishing house would discontinue the military section of the newspaper? In the meantime, the Japanese population enjoyed the phase of rest and lost life. There were demands to shorten military service, but they were satisfied with more free leave from the barracks and longer layovers in the ports.


So what to do?


Osaki Satoshi knew exactly: After the war is before the war. There would be a new war, he was absolutely sure of that, and the spellbound calm of the last few years would possibly be abruptly and surprisingly discharged.


So what to do?




Be prepared!




Before his editors were also lost to boredom, he gave them something to do! In a pedantry never before demanded, he demanded from his employees everything, but really everything, about the active Imperial Japanese Navy that could be found.


Then one could check what the navy had achieved with its conversion and perhaps estimate what it was capable of?





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Editorial office of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Tuesday, October 10, 1933


In October, however, an unexpected order from the navy followed. A new gigantic heavy cruiser design was demanded. Was there uncertainty in the navy after all? But the explanation followed immediately: super-heavy cruisers were a very good fit for the aircraft carriers, because they had to be protected from enemy air attacks. To do this, they do not want to rely solely on their own fighters, but also on anti-aircraft guns. However, destroyers and light cruisers are not able to deploy a large number of anti-aircraft guns. However, the new Heavy Cruiser class would be designed from the outset for maximum anti-aircraft defense and would be assigned to the carrier fleets as escorts in the future.


This explanation could be believed or not, the requested design was in every aspect a huge heavy cruiser with more tonnage than many battleships of other nations, even without anti-aircraft defense.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, January 5, 1934


The rest of the year passed again in the usual serenity. The only thing that was noticeable was that the navy did not push its expenditures to the extreme, which was explained around the turn of the year by the construction orders for the new heavy cruisers, which then turned the budget back into the red. Otherwise, the shipyards emptied because almost all modernizations had been completed.



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Editorial office of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Wednesday, March 21, 1934


At the beginning of nineteen hundred and thirty-four, restlessness came to rest. Tensions rose worldwide and Japan was instrumental in this. There it was again – the game of the military! Osaki Satoshi speculated that the fleet was thus ready for a new war. Only the crystal-clear opponent Russia was no longer so crystal clear. In the meantime, the Empire also came into question, which had the most interesting possessions to offer, and the German Empire, with which they still had a score to settle. The navy would probably not be so crazy and take on all three countries at once.





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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Wednesday, May 9, 1934


Two editors came back to the publishing house downright pale. Both had been at the Navy Ministry in the morning to follow the announcements, which now take place monthly. Something must have happened, that much could already be seen.


Curiously, Osaki Satoshi asked why:


"This time they are crazy - completely crazy!"




"NINETY THOUSAND TONS OF !!"




Satoshi didn't understand anything!



"What's going on?"

"These lunatics can't justify this time with anti-aircraft defense!"


"What can't they justify with anti-aircraft defense?"


"The Navy is building a new battleship, if the term battleship is still appropriate at all!"


"A 90,000 ton monster – they showed the plans – that's a monster – a 90,000 ton sea monster!"


"90,000 tons? Did you drink on the way home?"


"Eight 16inch guns of high quality, twelve 7inch and four 5inch guns. Twenty-six knots with long range. Basic statement: We must be able to wage war anywhere in the world!"


"You're not serious?"


"Why don't you go to the minister yourself – he will surely tell you even the smallest details!"


"Why? That doesn't make sense with the previous strategy – have they explained anything about it?"


"Nothing — I'll tell you what the explanation is — this thing itself is a declaration of war — a NINETY THOUSAND TONS OF DECLARATION OF WAR to the whole world!"




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Tōkyō Shinbun Editorial Board – Friday, June 1, 1934


The last statement had been almost prophetic. The Empire put its entire battle fleet on standby, and there were more Russian warships in Asia than in Europe. A 90,000-ton battleship was an announcement – no one else had anything like it – the designs of the Europeans and Americans did not even come close to this construction weight!


It did not fit the declared strategy of the Navy, but perhaps it did. Tensions with Japan had been rather low in the last three to four years. Perhaps because no one took the Imperial Japanese Navy seriously anymore. Germany had shown how Japan could be beaten. The masses of Japanese destroyers had lost their terror. A Japanese battle fleet did not exist and never would be. Japan's industry simply couldn't do that and no one in general thought anything of the aircraft carriers. They were simply not seen as a threat.



A 90,000-ton battleship, however, was something of a gauntlet. That couldn't leave the other nations alone. They had to react to that!



Sure, one could assume that Japan would not build twenty of them, not even ten or five. Maybe two or three – but could three such sea monsters be enough to sink an entire British battleship squadron? That was probably the question to which no one had an answer! This answer could only be found in a naval battle! But what if the answer to the battle was "yes"?



The Empire could not risk that. It had to react, and now while these ships were still in the design stage. If it were to be launched in a good three years, everything could be too late!




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Tuesday, July 3, 1934


These events also had an effect on the population! They had become accustomed to the peace and serenity. Nobody wanted war, especially not the youth, who preferred to go to Europe to study and not to wage war.


But it was to be assumed that the falcons would get their way, as they did every time.




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Editors of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Friday, September 21, 1934


Over the late summer, the hotheads cooled down. Perhaps also because the Imperial Japanese Navy waived the construction contracts for the 90,000-ton super battleships, at least for the moment.


Even the orders for new aircraft carriers were not signed. It almost seemed as if the people were getting their way.




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Monday, October 1, 1934


Of course, Osaki Satoshi knew better! That's why he wasn't surprised when the current radio broadcast was interrupted and a government statement was read out.



Mobilization!



The entire fleet and also the air and land forces were put on alert with immediate effect. All military personnel had to report to their bases immediately and the young men fit for military service were called to the muster.



Now it could only be a matter of hours or days before there would be a bang – only against whom and obviously without a surprise attack?




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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Thursday, December 6, 1934


Throughout October, the world held its breath, but nothing happened. No war. Even in November it remained quiet, but at the beginning of December in nineteen hundred and thirty-four it banged after all! However, on completely unexpected whiteness.


In Italy, the founder of the newspaper "Il Popolo d'Italia", a certain Benito Amilcare, Andrea Mussolini, had had enough of the political conditions in Italy and the rest of the world. With numerous supporters, he led the march on Rome and overthrew the established government. Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy had little choice and appointed Mussolini as the new prime minister.


The performance of the Kawasaki aircraft company has almost been lost. The brand-new Kawasaki Myojo fighter, which only went into production in September, achieved an outstanding victory in an air force competition that none of the European competitors paid much attention to because of the events in Italy.



In a serious competition, the 帝国海軍航空隊 (Teikoku Kaigun Kōkūtai - Imperial Japanese Naval Air Force) had compared themselves to their potential enemies and no one took the overwhelming superiority of Japanese aircraft models seriously!




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Picture 162: King Victor Emmanuel III
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File ... -1930).jpg
Author: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q522005
Info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III.





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Editorial Board of the Tōkyō Shinbun – Saturday, January 12, 1935


Osaki Satoshi was sitting at home in the living area. He was very hungover from the previous nightly editorial meeting. One of the first actions of the new Italian government the day before was to form an alliance with Russia to put a stop to Japanese warmongering. Of course, this led to heated discussions at the Tōkyō Shinbun and the question of the editorial for the extra paper had lasted hours. Plenty of sake flowed down the irritated throats and Satoshi had only arrived home at dawn to get at least two or three hours of sleep and to freshen up. The extra paper came too late anyway. On the way home in his new Mitsubishi PX-33, he could already observe protests all over the city to prevent the impending conflict.


It was already evening, for his wife had let him sleep. If there was a war, he would suffer from sleep deprivation again anyway, so as long as there was still peace, he should sleep. Satoshi was angry but also grateful at the same time. He couldn't be angry with his wife, who had endured everything for years without reproaching him. Besides, nothing had happened. Saturday was over and if something had happened, his editors would have notified him.


He also afforded himself the luxury of a Tōkyō Station radio receiver (JOAK) at home and enjoyed the music broadcasts. With the soft sounds that came out of the device chopped up, he was about to fall asleep again. Abruptly, the program broke off and ugly loud marching music sounded. Then a voice:




"The High Command of the Imperial Japanese Navy announces:"


"Today - in the twilight of the early morning hours of the twelfth of January nineteen hundred and thirty-five, combined naval and air forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the enemy naval base Vladivostok! The rolling air strikes of our aircraft carrier force dragged on into the late afternoon. The bombers of the fleet carriers Hiryu, Soryu and Akagi succeeded in sinking a large part of the Russian battle fleet at anchor. Those ships - which managed to leave the harbor - ran directly in front of the guns of our battleships Kawachi, Yamashiro, Fuso and Shikishima. No enemy ship has managed to escape from Vladivostok! All our aircraft carriers and battleships are on their way home."




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Picture 163: Mitsubishi PX-33
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File ... 33_pkw.jpg
Author: unknown / https://japanesenostalgiccar.com/100-ye ... hi-motors/
Info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_PX33






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