CHS Features
Moderators: wdolson, Don Bowen, mogami
CHS Features
This thread will preview some of the new features of CHS and also provide a holding point for future scenario documentation. Please help keep this thread "clean" and post comments or complaints in other threads.
Thanks
Japanese Merchant Ships
The Combined Historical Scenario includes a major rework of merchant ships - for both Japan and for the Allies. As part of this rework, the capacity all existing (Scenario 15) merchant ships was reduced by 25%. New classes have been defined, all with capacities in line with these adjusted values. The result is a large pool of merchant ships with differing speeds and capacities. The player may now select the ships with the appropriate characteristics for the assigned mission - large, fast ships for ocean transport; small, hard to see ships for supplying forward bases; slow, plodding ships for routine convoys. But the player must also pay more attention to what type of ships are available and manage where they are on the map.
Many new ships have been added and many of the existing ships re-classified into the new classes. Those existing ships that could not be identified as belonging to a specific class have been left in their original, generalized classes. This is also true for a few one-of-a-kind ships that were not worth creating new classes. New artwork has been provided for each of the new classes - I think you'll be very happy.
Transports:
Scenario 15 provided three very-generalized classes of transports:
Large AP = 4500 capacity, 14 max speed
Medium AP = 3000 capacity, 11 max speed
small AP = 1500 capacity, 10 max speed
In CHS this has been expanded to 25 classes, with capacities ranging from 750 to 4700 and speeds from 10 to 23 knots. The Japanese player will be pleased to find nearly a dozen large, fast ocean liners with large capacities. Also a fleet of about 2 dozen large, fast "combination" ships - mixed cargo/passenger ships that were frequently used as transports and are so classed in CHS. Some of these are initially available in the heavily-armed AMC version. There are also a number of smaller but still fast transports that should prove very useful. A vast majority (about 300) of the original small/Medium/Large transports remain with their original specifications.
Cargo Ships:
Scenario 15 provided only two types:
Large AK = 7000 capacity, 11 max speed
Small AK = 3500 capacity, 10 max speed
CHS provides an additional 21 classes, with speeds ranging up to 22 knots and capacities (after the 25% reduction) of up to 6375. This includes large, fast "world commerce" freighters and smaller Pacific and even inland sea types. There are large numbers from both the World War I and 1930s building programs, plus the Standard Type A ships - the Japanese Liberty Ships. Well over half of the ships are from the new classes and the rest are the original Small/Large types.
Daihatsu:
These handy little barges have been expanded in CHS by the addition of the Type SD Sea Truck. This was historically a small, steel-hulled merchant ship with ocean-going capability. There were hundreds of them, each with a unique name (ending in Maru). We have simulated these ships in CHS by making them "AG" so they will re-appear when lost. Twenty Five are provided, with a 2000 mile endurance and 150 ton cargo capacity. Think of them as long range, ocean-going cargo barges. Very handy!
Tankers:
The original scenario provided:
Large Tanker = 16000 capacity, 14 max speed
Small Tanker = 9000 capacity, 14 max speed
There has been less expansion in this area as the original two classes did a good job of representing the ocean-going Japanese Tanker Fleet. We have added only two tanker classes plus a third that is replenishment capable (an oiler):
A very large "whale ship" tanker - these were converted from Whale Factory Ships and had very large oil storage capacity. Careful - you only have a few!
A modified Type A tanker - These were Type A cargo ships that were converted to tankers by welding oil tanks into their cargo hold. You get about 30 of these late in the war - when you will really need them.
Merchant Oiler - about 2 dozen large, fast tankers were converted for replenishment at sea. You'll love these fast, high capacity ships - they make the navy designed classes look puny!
Many new ships have been added and many of the existing ships re-classified into the new classes. Those existing ships that could not be identified as belonging to a specific class have been left in their original, generalized classes. This is also true for a few one-of-a-kind ships that were not worth creating new classes. New artwork has been provided for each of the new classes - I think you'll be very happy.
Transports:
Scenario 15 provided three very-generalized classes of transports:
Large AP = 4500 capacity, 14 max speed
Medium AP = 3000 capacity, 11 max speed
small AP = 1500 capacity, 10 max speed
In CHS this has been expanded to 25 classes, with capacities ranging from 750 to 4700 and speeds from 10 to 23 knots. The Japanese player will be pleased to find nearly a dozen large, fast ocean liners with large capacities. Also a fleet of about 2 dozen large, fast "combination" ships - mixed cargo/passenger ships that were frequently used as transports and are so classed in CHS. Some of these are initially available in the heavily-armed AMC version. There are also a number of smaller but still fast transports that should prove very useful. A vast majority (about 300) of the original small/Medium/Large transports remain with their original specifications.
Cargo Ships:
Scenario 15 provided only two types:
Large AK = 7000 capacity, 11 max speed
Small AK = 3500 capacity, 10 max speed
CHS provides an additional 21 classes, with speeds ranging up to 22 knots and capacities (after the 25% reduction) of up to 6375. This includes large, fast "world commerce" freighters and smaller Pacific and even inland sea types. There are large numbers from both the World War I and 1930s building programs, plus the Standard Type A ships - the Japanese Liberty Ships. Well over half of the ships are from the new classes and the rest are the original Small/Large types.
Daihatsu:
These handy little barges have been expanded in CHS by the addition of the Type SD Sea Truck. This was historically a small, steel-hulled merchant ship with ocean-going capability. There were hundreds of them, each with a unique name (ending in Maru). We have simulated these ships in CHS by making them "AG" so they will re-appear when lost. Twenty Five are provided, with a 2000 mile endurance and 150 ton cargo capacity. Think of them as long range, ocean-going cargo barges. Very handy!
Tankers:
The original scenario provided:
Large Tanker = 16000 capacity, 14 max speed
Small Tanker = 9000 capacity, 14 max speed
There has been less expansion in this area as the original two classes did a good job of representing the ocean-going Japanese Tanker Fleet. We have added only two tanker classes plus a third that is replenishment capable (an oiler):
A very large "whale ship" tanker - these were converted from Whale Factory Ships and had very large oil storage capacity. Careful - you only have a few!
A modified Type A tanker - These were Type A cargo ships that were converted to tankers by welding oil tanks into their cargo hold. You get about 30 of these late in the war - when you will really need them.
Merchant Oiler - about 2 dozen large, fast tankers were converted for replenishment at sea. You'll love these fast, high capacity ships - they make the navy designed classes look puny!
U.S. Asiatic Fleet and Philippines Merchantmen
The United States Asiatic Fleet consisted of a small cruiser-destroyer force, a large submarine force, some China River Gunboats, and assorted auxiliaries. The original Scenario 15 did a very good job with the larger ships and we have only done a little expanding with the smaller ships. We have also reworked the merchant ships in Philippine waters. The primary source for this was "US Army Ships and Watercraft of World War II", which details a number of merchant ships taken into army service for supply operations.
Historically the U.S. Asiatic Fleet consisted of:
Two separate groups were already heading toward Soerabaja: Light cruiser Marblehead and five destroyers, currently at Tarakan; and tender Black Hawk with four destroyers at Balikpapan. The remaining two cruisers were already in the southern Philippines, leaving only Destroyer Division 59 at Manila (with two of it's four ships under refit).
A few Submarines were also out on patrol but most were concentrated at Manila, with their tenders. Three boats were under refit. There were two submarine tenders plus a third under conversion.
All of these ships are in their historical positions and those under refit/conversion have been given initial system damage.
The Patrol wing (PatWing 10) was dispersed between Sangley Point (Manila) and Subic Bay (Bataan), with a few OS2U attached to Tender Heron at Palawan and four PBY with tender William B Preston at Davao. The two remaining tenders, including the old Langley, were at Manila. This is represented by placing one of the patrol squadrons at Bataan and the other at Manila. We have also added the Utility Squadron of the Patrol Wing (with 4 OS2U) and placed it with Heron at Puerto Princessa. William B Preston is at Davao but without the four PBY's that were historically there.
The gunboat force of the Asiatic Fleet has been expanded to full size and the ships placed in their historical positions:
The remaining vessels were concentrated at Manila - 6 minesweepers, 6 PT boats (plus 5 more of the Philippine Offshore Patrol), two oilers, the floating drydock Dewey (as an AR), and the ocean-going tug Napa (as a PC). There was also the Auxiliary Gold Star - actually the flagship of the Guam Squadron but fortunately at Mindanao when war broke out.
There were also two large ocean liners that had been contracted by the Navy to remove the 4th Marines from China - President Madison and President Harrison. These had evacuated the majority of the 4th Marines by the time war began and President Harrison was enroute Tientsen to get the remainder. President Madison was in port at Manila. Both ships are placed historically in the scenario.
Merchant ships in the Philippines have been reworked to include a large number of smaller ships that were used for inter-island work. Many of these were commandeered by the U.S. Army and it is these ships that formed the basis for the new Philippine Classes:
Philippine Steamship - a small (1200 capacity) class of AK that is based on the historical ship Don Esteban.
Philippine Ferry - a small (650 capacity) class of transport that is based on the Legazpi.
Philippine Cargo - a larger, modern AK based on the Don Isidro (2400 capacity)
There were also a number of smaller, coastal vessels that were taken over by the army. These are represented by about half-a-dozen vessels of a standard "coastal" class, spread throught the Philippines. The remainder of the ships in Philippine waters have been reviewed and many reclassed into our expanded set of merchant ship classes. And, as always, any ship for which no specific additional information could be found was left in it's original class and location.
All in all this gives the allied player a group of small, short ranged ships for use within the Philippines - you'll find them handy for running the blockade to Manila. Also an assortment of medium ships that can be used locally or withdrawn (if the Japanese let you get away with it)!
Historically the U.S. Asiatic Fleet consisted of:
- Two cruisers - the heavy cruiser Houston and light cruiser Marblehead. However a third cruiser, the Boise, had been "temporarily retained" in Philippine waters after she arrived as a convoy escort.
- Destroyer Squadron 29, comprised of 13 old "Flush Deck" destroyers of World War I vintage.
- Twenty-nine submarines, including some of the newest boats and also a Division of 6 old "S" boats
- A minesweeping Squadron with 6 old "bird" class minesweepers
- 8 Assorted Gunboats including 5 River Gunboats
- Half of Motor Torpedo Squadron Three (6 boats - the remaining 6 were at Pearl in the process of being loaded on cargo ships for transport to Manila)
- A Naval Patrol Wing with several tenders
- An assortment of Destroyer and Submarine Tenders, Oilers, and service ships.
Two separate groups were already heading toward Soerabaja: Light cruiser Marblehead and five destroyers, currently at Tarakan; and tender Black Hawk with four destroyers at Balikpapan. The remaining two cruisers were already in the southern Philippines, leaving only Destroyer Division 59 at Manila (with two of it's four ships under refit).
A few Submarines were also out on patrol but most were concentrated at Manila, with their tenders. Three boats were under refit. There were two submarine tenders plus a third under conversion.
All of these ships are in their historical positions and those under refit/conversion have been given initial system damage.
The Patrol wing (PatWing 10) was dispersed between Sangley Point (Manila) and Subic Bay (Bataan), with a few OS2U attached to Tender Heron at Palawan and four PBY with tender William B Preston at Davao. The two remaining tenders, including the old Langley, were at Manila. This is represented by placing one of the patrol squadrons at Bataan and the other at Manila. We have also added the Utility Squadron of the Patrol Wing (with 4 OS2U) and placed it with Heron at Puerto Princessa. William B Preston is at Davao but without the four PBY's that were historically there.
The gunboat force of the Asiatic Fleet has been expanded to full size and the ships placed in their historical positions:
- Asheville, Tulsa, Luzon, and Oahu were at Manila - the last two recently arrived from China
- Mindanao was enroute Manila from Hong Kong - about half way there.
- Isabel was returning to Manila after a "Patrol" off French Indochina
- Wake - too small to make the open ocean trip to the Philippines - was sitting in reduced commission in Shanghai harbor. Her normal crew had been removed and sent to the Philippines on one of the other gunboats. She was manned by a group of about ten naval reservists from Shanghai as a radio transmission ship for the U.S. Embassy there. Her Captain, also a reservist, was not on board. Wake is placed at Shanghai and given 50% system damage to reflect her condition. Historically a boat load of Japanese soldiers surprised her deck watch on the first day of the war - the only U.S. ship captured during the war. In the scenario she is appropriately easy picking for Japanese forces at Shanghai.
- Tutuila, sister ship to Wake, was upriver and was turned over to Chinese forces. The closest we can come is Hong Kong and she is placed there.
The remaining vessels were concentrated at Manila - 6 minesweepers, 6 PT boats (plus 5 more of the Philippine Offshore Patrol), two oilers, the floating drydock Dewey (as an AR), and the ocean-going tug Napa (as a PC). There was also the Auxiliary Gold Star - actually the flagship of the Guam Squadron but fortunately at Mindanao when war broke out.
There were also two large ocean liners that had been contracted by the Navy to remove the 4th Marines from China - President Madison and President Harrison. These had evacuated the majority of the 4th Marines by the time war began and President Harrison was enroute Tientsen to get the remainder. President Madison was in port at Manila. Both ships are placed historically in the scenario.
Merchant ships in the Philippines have been reworked to include a large number of smaller ships that were used for inter-island work. Many of these were commandeered by the U.S. Army and it is these ships that formed the basis for the new Philippine Classes:
Philippine Steamship - a small (1200 capacity) class of AK that is based on the historical ship Don Esteban.
Philippine Ferry - a small (650 capacity) class of transport that is based on the Legazpi.
Philippine Cargo - a larger, modern AK based on the Don Isidro (2400 capacity)
There were also a number of smaller, coastal vessels that were taken over by the army. These are represented by about half-a-dozen vessels of a standard "coastal" class, spread throught the Philippines. The remainder of the ships in Philippine waters have been reviewed and many reclassed into our expanded set of merchant ship classes. And, as always, any ship for which no specific additional information could be found was left in it's original class and location.
All in all this gives the allied player a group of small, short ranged ships for use within the Philippines - you'll find them handy for running the blockade to Manila. Also an assortment of medium ships that can be used locally or withdrawn (if the Japanese let you get away with it)!
The Philippine Army - Background information
In 1935 the United States and the Philippines agreed on a plan for the independence of the Philippines. Under this plan the Philippines would acquire full independence at the end of a ten year transition (on July 4th, 1945). A national Philippine government was elected right away and began to take over governmental functions, including the gradual replacement of all U.S. administrators with Filipinos.
From a military standpoint, the U.S. retained defensive responsibilities for the Philippines and continued to station troops in the Islands. A separate Philippine Army was created and began to build it’s infrastructure. At the end of the 10-year period the US Army was to turn over all facilities to the Philippine Army and U.S. troops would depart. A separate agreement allowed for the possible retention of U.S. Navy facilities – a mutual benefit as the U.S. Navy badly needed Philippine Bases and the Philippines would not be able to develop effective Naval forces in so short a time.
In 1935 the military forces in the Philippines consisted of three distinct groups:
The new Philippine government decided on a Regular Army of 10,000 men (including the Philippine Constabulary) and a large reserve force. The Philippine Constabulary was retained as a separate force and continued in it’s prior mission. This left only 4,000 men for the regular army – a number barely sufficient to man minimal support units and to train reservists. A small air force and off-shore patrol were created as part of the army.
The Philippines were divided into 10 military districts and training camps created for the reserve force. Adult males were conscripted into the reserves, with about a 6-month active training period followed by reserve availability. Training began slowly, follow-on training was lacking, and equipment was minimal. However, by 1941 the Philippines officially had a theoretical pool of several hundred thousand “trained” reservists.
Then, in 1941, the Philippine Army was “federalized” into the U.S. Army using approximately the same procedures by which the National Guard troops were called up in the U.S. There were to be two Regular divisions: The existing (en cadre) 1st Division was to be fleshed out and a second division created from the Philippine Constabulary. Each of the 10 Military districts was to initially raise an infantry division from it’s pool of reservists. A second division was planned for later, along with corps units. The call up of each district’s initial division was to be completed by mid December, 1941 and was still in progress when Japan attacked. It was nearly complete in Luzon but lagging in other areas.
Luzon: Five of the ten military districts were in Luzon and the surrounding islands (including Mindoro and Palawan). Luzon was the most developed of the Islands and home of the Government and of major Military Headquarters. All three infantry regiments of the five divisions from these districts had been formed but engineer and artillery units were not yet equipped. As in all cases, the first Regiment was the first formed and was in better shape, with the third regiment usually still in it’s forming camps.
Visayas: The islands between Luzon and Mindanao were divided into four military districts. These were the least developed and their divisions were the most poorly trained and equipped. Prior to the outbreak of the war, two divisions were ordered transferred to Luzon to bolster defenses there but the transfer was not completed by the beginning of the war and the third Regiment of each division remained behind. The two other divisions in the Visayas were ordered to Mindanao after war broke out but, again, the transfer was not completed. The remnants of these four divisions, some Constabulary units, and a few provisional forces made up the entire defense of the Visayas.
Mindanao: Of growing importance to U.S. military plans, with a large B-17 capable airbase under construction, and also the obvious target of Japanese forces from Palau. The single infantry division there was to be reinforced by the two remaining divisions from the Visayas. This transfer actually happened after the war broke out but WITP mechanics make it difficult so the troops are pre-positioned. As with the two divisions sent to Luzon, only part of the two Visayan units made it to Mindanao.
There were also a number of provisional units formed on Luzon after the outbreak of the war. These were generally considered to be part of the Philippine Army but had mixed Philippine/Philippine Scout/U.S. Army composition. The most important were:
From a military standpoint, the U.S. retained defensive responsibilities for the Philippines and continued to station troops in the Islands. A separate Philippine Army was created and began to build it’s infrastructure. At the end of the 10-year period the US Army was to turn over all facilities to the Philippine Army and U.S. troops would depart. A separate agreement allowed for the possible retention of U.S. Navy facilities – a mutual benefit as the U.S. Navy badly needed Philippine Bases and the Philippines would not be able to develop effective Naval forces in so short a time.
In 1935 the military forces in the Philippines consisted of three distinct groups:
- Regular U.S. Army (and Navy) forces – raised in the United States and maintained by the U.S.
- Philippine Scouts – raised in the Philippines with mostly Filipino enlisted men and mostly U.S. officers. Equipped and maintained by the U.S.. Limited by law to 6500 men in 1935, the number being raised to 12000 after war broke out in Europe. These troops remained part of the Regular U.S. Army. The Scouts were long-serving professional soldiers and were of very high quality. In 1941, with the U.S. Army diluted by a massive expansion and the best of the Australian, Indian, and New Zealand Armies sent to the Middle East, these were arguably the best allied troops in the Pacific.
- Philippine Constabulary – an entirely Philippine organization under civilian control. 6000 men armed and trained as light infantry and dispersed in company and battalion sized units throughout the Philippines. These troops were used to combat bandit gangs and moro separatists, and to maintain government control over local tribes. In 1935 the constabulary included a small air force.
The new Philippine government decided on a Regular Army of 10,000 men (including the Philippine Constabulary) and a large reserve force. The Philippine Constabulary was retained as a separate force and continued in it’s prior mission. This left only 4,000 men for the regular army – a number barely sufficient to man minimal support units and to train reservists. A small air force and off-shore patrol were created as part of the army.
The Philippines were divided into 10 military districts and training camps created for the reserve force. Adult males were conscripted into the reserves, with about a 6-month active training period followed by reserve availability. Training began slowly, follow-on training was lacking, and equipment was minimal. However, by 1941 the Philippines officially had a theoretical pool of several hundred thousand “trained” reservists.
Then, in 1941, the Philippine Army was “federalized” into the U.S. Army using approximately the same procedures by which the National Guard troops were called up in the U.S. There were to be two Regular divisions: The existing (en cadre) 1st Division was to be fleshed out and a second division created from the Philippine Constabulary. Each of the 10 Military districts was to initially raise an infantry division from it’s pool of reservists. A second division was planned for later, along with corps units. The call up of each district’s initial division was to be completed by mid December, 1941 and was still in progress when Japan attacked. It was nearly complete in Luzon but lagging in other areas.
Luzon: Five of the ten military districts were in Luzon and the surrounding islands (including Mindoro and Palawan). Luzon was the most developed of the Islands and home of the Government and of major Military Headquarters. All three infantry regiments of the five divisions from these districts had been formed but engineer and artillery units were not yet equipped. As in all cases, the first Regiment was the first formed and was in better shape, with the third regiment usually still in it’s forming camps.
Visayas: The islands between Luzon and Mindanao were divided into four military districts. These were the least developed and their divisions were the most poorly trained and equipped. Prior to the outbreak of the war, two divisions were ordered transferred to Luzon to bolster defenses there but the transfer was not completed by the beginning of the war and the third Regiment of each division remained behind. The two other divisions in the Visayas were ordered to Mindanao after war broke out but, again, the transfer was not completed. The remnants of these four divisions, some Constabulary units, and a few provisional forces made up the entire defense of the Visayas.
Mindanao: Of growing importance to U.S. military plans, with a large B-17 capable airbase under construction, and also the obvious target of Japanese forces from Palau. The single infantry division there was to be reinforced by the two remaining divisions from the Visayas. This transfer actually happened after the war broke out but WITP mechanics make it difficult so the troops are pre-positioned. As with the two divisions sent to Luzon, only part of the two Visayan units made it to Mindanao.
There were also a number of provisional units formed on Luzon after the outbreak of the war. These were generally considered to be part of the Philippine Army but had mixed Philippine/Philippine Scout/U.S. Army composition. The most important were:
- Provisional Artillery Group – formed to utilize 50 self propelled anti-tank guns (75mm guns on half tracks) that had recently arrived in the Philippines but had not yet been issued.
- 301st Field Artillery Regiment – formed to use about two-dozen 155mm guns that were intended for Coastal Defense positions planned for the Visayas but not yet installed.
- 301st Engineer Regiment – formed from professional miners and engineers.
Philippine Area Order of Battle
The Philippine Army consisted of three distinct components:
In addition, there were the Regular U.S. Army and Air Force, the Philippine Scouts, and the U.S. Marines.
- The Regular Army, including the Philippine Constabulary. The regular army included a small air force and an offshore patrol.
- Reserve Units – a single division raised in each of the ten military district.
- Provisional Units – formed all over the Philippines but the only significant units were on Luzon.
In addition, there were the Regular U.S. Army and Air Force, the Philippine Scouts, and the U.S. Marines.
- Regular U.S. Army
- 31st Infantry Regiment, reinforced (RCT). The only regular U.S. Army Infantry unit in the Philippines – it’s quality had dropped significantly due to the rapid expansion of the U.S. Army in 1940-41 as well as the detachment of large numbers of officers and NCOs for advisor duty with newly formed Philippine units (only 1 officer and ten NCOs remained per company). The Artillery units attached were Philippine Scout and of very high quality.
- 192nd and 194th Light Tank Battalions. Newly arrived in the Philippines and each comprised of three companies totaling 54 tanks (some rearrangement had been done in the Philippines to balance the two units). These were national guard units formed from a number of previously independent companies.
- 200th Coast Artillery (AA) Regiment. A New Mexico National Guard outfit newly arrived in the Philippines and stationed at Clark Field. After the war broke out this unit was divided and a new unit named the 515th Coast Artillery (AA) was formed in order to provide AA defense for Manila. The 515th has been excluded from the OOB and the 200th retained intact.
- 803rd Aviation Engineers. Initially stationed at Clark Field, they withdrew to Bataan and actually built a B-17 capable field there – in hopes of reinforcement that never came.
- 59th Coast Artillery Regiment and 60th Coast Artillery Regiment (AA). Parts of the garrison of the Forts in Manila and Subic bays – it was the service of a relative in the 60th that initiated my interest in the war in the Philippines. These units, along with the attached Scout and Philippine Army Coast Defense Units, are represented at the Manila and Bataan CD Fortresses in WITP.
- Philippine Scouts
- 45th Infantry Regiment, Reinforced (RCT). All Philippine Scout, including attached artillery. This unit had historically been dispersed to provide needed local defense forces. It was divided into battalions on December 7th, with one guarding the supply dumps on Bataan, one at Clark Field, and one in the Manila area (I think). In the OOB it is concentrated at Clark Field as the editor does not allow units to be divided. Note that the 1st Battalion/45th had recently been detached to form the 43rd Infantry Regiment (PS) and a new 1st/45th formed. The 43rd took over the duties as a command organization for remote garrisons and had only four companies – two in Luzon and two in Zamboanga. The 43rd is not represented in WITP.
- 57th Infantry Regiment, Reinforced (RCT). Concentrated in Manila, this was probably the best of the Infantry Regiments only in that it had been long maintained as an intact unit.
- 26th Cavalry Regiment. An understrength Motorized Cavalry unit (Horse Cavalry that used trucks to move to the battlefield and then fought on horseback). A very high-quality unit that was initially dispersed in a scouting role and suffered greatly in the initial fighting. In WITP it is placed at Clark Field.
- 86th Field Artillery Battalion. The “heavy” artillery regiment of the United States Army's Philippine Division, it was actually a battalion. It was formed at the time that artillery regiments were being broken up to form individual battalions as part of the conversion from square to triangular division. The term 86th Regiment was reserved for this unit but it was actually formed as the 6th Battalion. Many histories carry it as the 86th Regiment. As the big (155mm) gun unit it was split between North and South Luzon force, with two batteries emplaced at the South end of Lingayen Gulf. The unit is placed there in WITP.
- 88th Field Artillery Regiment. The extra (Corps) field artillery regiment in the Philippines (the 23rd PS and 24th PS provided the artillery for the three RCT above). It was held in reserve and is placed on Bataan in WITP.
- 91st and 92nd Coast Artillery Regiments. Merged into the Manila and Bataan Fortresses in WITP.
- 14th Engineer Regiment. The combat engineer regiment of the Philippine Division. Was in the process of being converted to a battalion as part of a general reorganization of divisional support units throughout the U.S. Army. Located at Manila.
- Regular Philippine Army
- 1st Regular Division. Existed only en cadre until 1941, with one regiment (the 2nd) detached to Mindanao. It had been brought up to full TOE by the outbreak of the war but was not yet fully effective. Artillery units were never formed. Located at Manila with the 2nd Regiment at Cagayan, on Mindanao. The 1st Philippine Division starts at 1/3 strength to represent is forming status. The 2nd Regiment is at full strength but 90% disruption.
- 2nd Constabulary Division. As per pre-war plans, Philippine Constabulary units on Luzon were concentrated to form a second regular division. No artillery was allocated and this was a “light” infantry division. Arrives on the first day of 1942 at Bataan.
- 1st Coast Defense Regiment. Formed just after the outbreak of the war from personnel already in training. Merged into the Manila Fortress in WITP
- Provisional Artillery Group. Formed just after the outbreak of the war and fought in central Luzon prior to the retreat to Bataan. A very effective unit with 4-dozen self-propelled guns and a mixture of U.S. Army/Philippine Scout/Philippine Reservist troops.
- 301st Provisional Field Artillery Regiment. Formed on Bataan after the outbreak of the war to utilize about 2-dozen 155mm Coast Defense guns. These guns were intended for Coast Defense positions in the Visayas and were not particularly mobile.
- 301st Engineer Battalion. Formed on Bataan from a large group of professional miners and construction personnel. Very effective engineer unit.
- Offshore Patrol. Comprised of five British-type PT boats that operated with USN PTs in Manila Bay.
- Philippine Air Force. Officially the Philippine Air Force included eleven squadrons, of which three were operational and three base squadrons. The remainder were Depot or Training units. Two of the operational squadrons (5th Photo-Recon and 10th Bomber) were too weak to warrant inclusion. Two of the base squadrons are represented and placed at locations where the PAF had detachments. The Philippine Air Force’s WITP strength is:
- 6th Fighter Squadron with 12 P-26 fighters, based near Manila (at Batangas). A very effective unit for its size (and equipment) and had a number of qualified and very brave pilots.
- 8th Base Squadron. Placed at San Marcelino to represent the facilities at nearby Iba Field. Iba field was a Philippine Army training base that was used as a dispersal field by the U.S. Army Air Corps.
- 11th Base Squadron. Represents all Philippine Air Corps detachments in the Visayas (the 11th was actually stationed on Luzon). Placed at Iloilo to represent the important facilities there (the main stopover for aircraft flying between Cagayan or Cebu and Bataan/Corregidor.
- Philippine Reserve Units. Each of the ten military districts had raised an infantry division immediately pre-war (some still forming). These were numbered within their military district – the first division of the 2nd District being the 21st Division, etc. Regiments were similarly numbered – the 11th Division would include the 11th, 12th, and 13th Regiments. All of these units were under equipped at the beginning of the war and some did not have their artillery units formed.
- 11th Reserve Division. The 1st Military District encompassed far North Luzon and included the North half of Lingayen Gulf and most of the areas of initial Japanese invasion. The 11th Division was primarily concentrated around Lingayen Gulf but had a few units further North. One Company (L of the 12th Regiment) was actually at Aparri but that is not represented in WITP.
- 21st Reserve Division. The 2nd Military District spanned the North Central plain of Luzon, including the southern end of Lingayen Gulf and the military facilities around Fort Stotsenburg. It is based at San Marcelino in WITP.
- 31st Reserve Division. The 3rd District includes Bataan, Iba, and the northern approaches to Manila. The 31st Division is placed at Bataan in WITP.
- 41st Reserve Division. The 4th district includes Manila, Batangas (the province to the south of Manila Bay) plus Mindoro, Palawan, and assorted small islands in the region. This was one of the better reserve divisions and it’s commander was a retired Philippine Scout officer that had graduated from West Point. The 41st was assigned to South Luzon force and was concentrated South of Manila. It is at Naga in WITP.
- 51st Reserve Division. The 5th District included most of the Eastern Coast of Luzon, from just South of Tuguegarao to the southern tip at Legaspi, and several small islands to the immediate south of Luzon. The 51st was part of South Luzon Force and is placed at Naga in WITP.
- 61st Reserve Division. The 6th Military district consists of the island of Panay and a few small islands to it’s north. After war broke out the 61st Division was ordered to Mindanao but it was not fully formed and only Division HQ and the first two regiments actually went. While the Japanese were occupied in Luzon and Mindanao, local military command on Panay formed two new reserve regiments (64th and 65th) and some provisional units. The 64th and 65th, along with the original 63rd Regiment, were used to form a new “provisional” 61st Division on Panay. Since the 61st Division units on Mindanao were merged into the 102nd Division and lost their divisional identity, the new Division on Panay is named the 61st Division in WITP. It is placed on Panay using a divisional TOE but at one-third strength to indicate a single regiment present at the beginning of the war.
- 71st Reserve Division. The 7th Military District is formed primarily by the island of Negros. Prior to the outbreak of the war the 71st Division was ordered to Luzon and all but the last regiment had moved by December 7th. The last regiment, the 73rd never left Negros. This is represented by placing the 71st Division at Tuguegarao but at 2/3 strength and adding the 73rd Regiment at Dumaguete, on Negros. The 71st has a divisional TOE and can be filled out on Luzon using “reporting reservists” if the Philippines holds out long enough.
- 81st Reserve Division. The 8th Military District included the islands of Cebu and Bihol. The 81st Division was also ordered to Mindanao but only a single regiment actually made it. The remaining two regiments remained on Cebu and were reinforced with provisional units. It WITP the 81st is located at Cebu, using a divisional TOE and at 2/3 strength.
- 91st Reserve Division. The 9th Military District is formed primarily from the islands of Samar and Leyte. The 91st Division was also sent to Luzon pre-war but, again, it’s last regiment was not ready and did not make the move. The 91st Division is placed at Manila, at 2/3 strength, and the 93rd Reserve Regiment remains in the 9th District, at Tacloban on Leyte.
- 101st Reserve Division. The 10th Military District is primarily the island of Mindanao, along with some small islands (including Jolo and Tawi Tawi). The 101st Division was dispersed throughout Mindanao, with a single battalion at Davao. Also in Mindanao were two companies of Philippine Scouts (C and E of 43rd Regiment – not represented) at Zamboanga and the 2nd Regiment of the Regular Philippine Army (placed at Cagayan).
- 102nd Reserve Division. The equivalent of a full division was sent from the 6th and 8th Military districts immediately after the outbreak of the war (61st, 62nd, 81st Regiments and assorted units). All these additional Reserve units were amalgamated into the 102nd Reserve Division on Mindanao. In WITP, the 101st Division begins at Davao (as it can not be split in the editor) and the 102nd appears a week into the war at Cagayan. Note that the 2nd Regular Regiment was also merged into the 102nd but this is maintained as a separate (understrength) unit due to it’s position at the outbreak of the war.
- U.S. Marines. Immediately prior to the outbreak of the war, the 4th Marine Regiment was withdrawn from China to the Philippines. The last few detachments were still in China – at Tientsen and Peking – and the chartered passenger ship President Harrison was enroute to pick them up. There was another Marine unit on Luzon – the 1st Separate Battalion. This was an illegal outfit with an interesting history. The Asiatic Fleet had long recognized the hopelessness of the Marine garrison in China in the event of war and had frequently requested permission to withdraw it. The government in Washington refused, on political grounds, so the Asiatic Fleet took matters in it’s own hands. Replacement personnel bound for the 4th Marines in China were held in Philippines – ostensibly to await transport. Eventually the 4th Marines proper was reduced to 2/3 strength and the personnel held in the Philippines were used to man the AA defenses of the Cavite Naval Yard – subsequently being organized as the 1st Separate AA Battalion. These troops remained at Cavite when the 4th Marines returned (and were stationed at Subic Bay). Both these units were reinforced by troops from the Marine Barracks at Subic and Cavite Naval Stations and by other Marines previously stationed on ships and HQ facilities of the Asiatic fleet. They maintained their separate identifies until merged on Corregidor – at which time “shipless” U.S. Navy and “planeless” U.S. Air Force personnel were attached and the whole thing called the 4th Marines. This is represented in WITP by:
- 4th Marine Regiment at Bataan
- 1st Marine AA Battalion at Manila
- Headquarters and Base Forces. Scenario 15 had distributed a large number of base forces about the Philippines to represent both Military and useful Civilian facilities. These is considerable merit in this but it provided a large number of base forces that the allied player might be tempted to withdraw. It also probably overstated the support facilities available throughout the Philippines. The number of base forces has been considerably reduced in the Combined Historical Scenario. Base Forces are limited to those locations where military facilities actually existed plus one or two important locations where extensive military use was made of existing civilian facilities.
- USAFFE. United States Army Forces in the Far East – the headquarters for all U.S. and Philippine Army units in the Philippines. Located at Manila.
- Asiatic Fleet. Added by the modification, located at Manila and initially reports to USAFFE (not historical but requires that political points be spent to withdraw it). The two Marine units above are assigned to the Asiatic Fleet which allows them to be withdrawn if desired.
- 4th USAAF Base Force at Clark Field. This was the historic unit at this major airbase and also represents the support facilities of the adjacent Fort Stotsenburg.
- 5th USAAF Base Force at Cagayan. Actually a detachment from the 5th, which was located at one of the air bases in the Manila area. Since there are other base forces in Manila the unit in Cagayan is named the 5th.
- 20th USAAF Base Force at Manila. Historically located at Nichols Field, Manila, this unit stands in for all of the (considerable) Air Force base assets in the Manila Area.
- 109th USAAF Base Force at Bataan. Represents the various air force and navy facilities at Bataan and Subic Bay (including Mariveles Bay and the small airfield on Bataan).
- 118th Navy Base Force at Manila. Represents the naval facilities in Manila Bay - primarily the Cavite Naval Base and Sangley Point Seaplane base.
- 120th Navy Base Force at Cebu. Represents the various facilities there, primarily civilian but including some navy personnel and detachments of Philippine Air Corps training units. Included due to the historical importance of Cebu as a staging area.
- 8th Philippine (see above) at San Marcelino
- 11th Philippine (see above) at Iloilo.
Dutch ships
The Combined Historical Scenario has paid particular attention to the forces in the Netherlands East Indies - largely due to the availability of excellent data sources on these forces. The Dutch Navy and especially Dutch merchant shipping have been expanded and refined – with a total of almost 250 ships included in the OOB.
The Dutch warships in the NEI were divided into three general groups:
There was, of course, no new Dutch construction as all Dutch shipyards had been captured. A few allied ships were transferred to the Dutch to utilize there trained crews and many of these served in the Pacific and are represented.
Cruisers:
The Dutch had ordered three small light cruisers for Colonial service during World War I. Two of these were completed during the 1920s as Java and Sumatra. The third (to have been named Celebes) was delayed and eventually cancelled and replaced by a more modern design - the De Ruyter. All three of these ships were between six and seven thousand tons and armed with 6-inch guns - slightly smaller than the U.S. Omaha and British "E" class cruisers.
There was also the new Tromp, a small cruiser of the type generally known as destroyer leader. Her sister, Jacob Van Heemskerck, was incomplete when Germany overran the Netherlands but was towed to England where she was armed with British 4-inch guns and became an Anti-Aircraft Cruiser. Two other cruisers under construction were not yet launched and were lost.
Van Heemskerck was in the Atlantic but the other four were in the Netherlands East Indies on December 7th, 1941. Sumatra was out of commission at Soerabaja and, historically, was never put back into commission. She was towed to Australia and then back to Europe and eventually became a breakwater at Normandy. In our scenario (and Scenario 15) she rests at Soerabaja with 33% system damage - although the idea of raising this to 50% might be a good one. Java, De Ruyter, and Tromp were all in commission and Jacob Van Heemskerck was transferred from the Atlantic in February, 1942.
Destroyers:
All seven surviving Admiralen class destroyers were in the NEI, with one undergoing refit at Soerabaja.
Four more-modern destroyers had been under construction in the Netherlands when war began. Three were lost on the stocks but one of them was towed incomplete to England. Isaac Sweers, like Jacob Van Heemskerck, was completed with a British AA armament and was transferred from the Atlantic just a little too late to help defend the NEI (they both joined the British Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean).
There were also two British “N” class destroyers which had been transferred to the Dutch Navy in the Atlantic – these also arrive in early 1942. Note: in our scenario the “N” class is combined with the very-similar “J” class so these two ships are designated as “J” class.
Submarines:
The Dutch had originally designated their submarines in two series – the “K” (Kolonien) boats for East Indies Service and the “O” (Onderzeeboot) boats for home service. The practice was abandoned in 1937 and all submarines adopted the “O” prefix, with the boats ordered as K.XIX and K.XX being renamed as O.19 and O.20.
These two, the immediately preceding O.16, and a dozen “K” boats of varying ages comprised the NEI submarine force at the beginning of the war. The four oldest “K” boats were under repair or refit at Soerabaja and were of limited usefulness in any regard. Most of the rest were on patrol when war began.
Five additional Dutch submarines arrived after war began – three new “O” class that had escaped to England and two British “T” class that were transferred to the Dutch later in the war.
Gunboats and Patrol Craft:
The only large gunboat in the NEI was the Soemba – a destroyer sized ship with 6-inch guns. In the Combined Historical Scenario we have also added the old armoured coast defense ship Soerabaja (ex De Zeven Provincen), classed as a gunboat. About the size of a small cruiser and built before World War I, this ship carried 11-inch guns and was used as a convoy escort and transport before being scuttled when Soerabaja fell.
There were also a number of Patrol Craft that belonged to various departments of the Gouvernementsmarine. These ships performed Coast Guard functions and doubled as Survey Ships, Revenue Cutters, even the Governor’s yacht during peacetime. Five of the larger vessels had been equipped to tend the small seaplane flights that the Dutch Navy used for advance reconnaissance (GVT units). The remainder performed normal patrol and ASW duties (until lost).
The Dutch had also purchased six small submarine chasers built by Higgins and slightly larger than a PT boat. These arrived in pairs immediately after the war broke out. The first four, in December, will probably make it. The last two, in February, probably will not.
Minecraft:
The Dutch had a fairly large group of minelayers and a mine depot at Soerabaja. They primarily used British mines acquired from the British mine depot at Singapore. The inability to simulate these two mine depots in WITP is a major constraint on proper operation of the Dutch Minelayers.
Largest and best of the minelayers was William van der Zaan – a large and well-armed purpose built vessel with frigate-like characteristics. The seven other minelayers were a mixture of purpose-built and converted ships that were smaller and slower and designed for defensive minelaying. One was still undergoing conversion (completes in mid-January, 1942 if the NEI lasts that long) while two additional ships that were under construction but not completed have been omitted from the OOB.
The best of the minesweepers were four modern units of the Jan van Amstel class. There were also a large number of coastal minesweepers of various classes – both in service and under construction. We have (somewhat arbitrarily) selected one class of these – the Aroe class with seven units – for inclusion. Not too sure how this will work with the minesweeper regeneration rule and we’ve marked this area for possible re-examination.
Motor Torpedo Boats:
The Dutch were building a group of steel-hulled PT boats in the NEI. Twelve of the first group (TM-4 thru TM-15) were completed when the war broke out (or soon there-after). Some additional units, TM-16 thru TM-21, were still incomplete when Java fell and have been omitted from the OOB.
Tenders:
The Dutch operated a number of tenders of various sizes and types. Many of these ships were multi-purpose and there was some decision-making required to class them as single-purpose vessels. In addition to the five seaplane tenders above, we came up with:
Merchant Shipping:
The Dutch had a large merchant fleet that fell into two general categories: local shipping in the NEI and larger, ocean-going vessels. Many of the larger Dutch ships came under the control of the allied navies and were used as transports. The smaller Dutch ships from the Netherlands East Indies gave excellent service, both in the NEI and later in the waters New Guinea.
There are about 60 larger Dutch Transports and Cargo ships in the OOB. Most of these ships are initially located in the NEI – except for those that we were able to definitely identify at some other location or time of arrival. Many of these were taken over as U.S. Army Transports, which gives us some glimpse of their history. A quick read through a detailed history of the Java and South Pacific campaigns will show many of their names.
Another 60 ships were used for local traffic in and around the NEI. These included the famous KPM (Koninkilje Pakavaart Maatchapijj = Royal Dutch Packet Navigation Company) ships that later performed so well in New Guinea. There are two classes of coastal cargo ship, two of KMP or inter-island steamers, and some ships in the original Scenario 15 “Small Transport” class that we were not able to place in other classes.
There are about 30 Dutch Tankers in the OOB – not surprising considering the extensive oilfields in the NEI. About two-thirds of these were smaller ships for local traffic in the NEI and surrounding areas. The remainder were larger, ocean going ships – including a few left in the original Scenario 15 Small Tanker/Large Tanker classes.
The Dutch warships in the NEI were divided into three general groups:
- The Royal Netherlands Navy, East Indies Squadron with a cruiser-destroyer force and a submarine force, plus tenders.
- The Netherlands East Indies Colonial Navy - locally deployed naval units including minesweepers, Motor Torpedo Boats and minelayers.
- The Colonial Shipping Service - with patrol craft, survey ships, etcetera. It filled a role roughly equivalent to that of the U.S. Coast Guard.
There was, of course, no new Dutch construction as all Dutch shipyards had been captured. A few allied ships were transferred to the Dutch to utilize there trained crews and many of these served in the Pacific and are represented.
Cruisers:
The Dutch had ordered three small light cruisers for Colonial service during World War I. Two of these were completed during the 1920s as Java and Sumatra. The third (to have been named Celebes) was delayed and eventually cancelled and replaced by a more modern design - the De Ruyter. All three of these ships were between six and seven thousand tons and armed with 6-inch guns - slightly smaller than the U.S. Omaha and British "E" class cruisers.
There was also the new Tromp, a small cruiser of the type generally known as destroyer leader. Her sister, Jacob Van Heemskerck, was incomplete when Germany overran the Netherlands but was towed to England where she was armed with British 4-inch guns and became an Anti-Aircraft Cruiser. Two other cruisers under construction were not yet launched and were lost.
Van Heemskerck was in the Atlantic but the other four were in the Netherlands East Indies on December 7th, 1941. Sumatra was out of commission at Soerabaja and, historically, was never put back into commission. She was towed to Australia and then back to Europe and eventually became a breakwater at Normandy. In our scenario (and Scenario 15) she rests at Soerabaja with 33% system damage - although the idea of raising this to 50% might be a good one. Java, De Ruyter, and Tromp were all in commission and Jacob Van Heemskerck was transferred from the Atlantic in February, 1942.
Destroyers:
All seven surviving Admiralen class destroyers were in the NEI, with one undergoing refit at Soerabaja.
Four more-modern destroyers had been under construction in the Netherlands when war began. Three were lost on the stocks but one of them was towed incomplete to England. Isaac Sweers, like Jacob Van Heemskerck, was completed with a British AA armament and was transferred from the Atlantic just a little too late to help defend the NEI (they both joined the British Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean).
There were also two British “N” class destroyers which had been transferred to the Dutch Navy in the Atlantic – these also arrive in early 1942. Note: in our scenario the “N” class is combined with the very-similar “J” class so these two ships are designated as “J” class.
Submarines:
The Dutch had originally designated their submarines in two series – the “K” (Kolonien) boats for East Indies Service and the “O” (Onderzeeboot) boats for home service. The practice was abandoned in 1937 and all submarines adopted the “O” prefix, with the boats ordered as K.XIX and K.XX being renamed as O.19 and O.20.
These two, the immediately preceding O.16, and a dozen “K” boats of varying ages comprised the NEI submarine force at the beginning of the war. The four oldest “K” boats were under repair or refit at Soerabaja and were of limited usefulness in any regard. Most of the rest were on patrol when war began.
Five additional Dutch submarines arrived after war began – three new “O” class that had escaped to England and two British “T” class that were transferred to the Dutch later in the war.
Gunboats and Patrol Craft:
The only large gunboat in the NEI was the Soemba – a destroyer sized ship with 6-inch guns. In the Combined Historical Scenario we have also added the old armoured coast defense ship Soerabaja (ex De Zeven Provincen), classed as a gunboat. About the size of a small cruiser and built before World War I, this ship carried 11-inch guns and was used as a convoy escort and transport before being scuttled when Soerabaja fell.
There were also a number of Patrol Craft that belonged to various departments of the Gouvernementsmarine. These ships performed Coast Guard functions and doubled as Survey Ships, Revenue Cutters, even the Governor’s yacht during peacetime. Five of the larger vessels had been equipped to tend the small seaplane flights that the Dutch Navy used for advance reconnaissance (GVT units). The remainder performed normal patrol and ASW duties (until lost).
The Dutch had also purchased six small submarine chasers built by Higgins and slightly larger than a PT boat. These arrived in pairs immediately after the war broke out. The first four, in December, will probably make it. The last two, in February, probably will not.
Minecraft:
The Dutch had a fairly large group of minelayers and a mine depot at Soerabaja. They primarily used British mines acquired from the British mine depot at Singapore. The inability to simulate these two mine depots in WITP is a major constraint on proper operation of the Dutch Minelayers.
Largest and best of the minelayers was William van der Zaan – a large and well-armed purpose built vessel with frigate-like characteristics. The seven other minelayers were a mixture of purpose-built and converted ships that were smaller and slower and designed for defensive minelaying. One was still undergoing conversion (completes in mid-January, 1942 if the NEI lasts that long) while two additional ships that were under construction but not completed have been omitted from the OOB.
The best of the minesweepers were four modern units of the Jan van Amstel class. There were also a large number of coastal minesweepers of various classes – both in service and under construction. We have (somewhat arbitrarily) selected one class of these – the Aroe class with seven units – for inclusion. Not too sure how this will work with the minesweeper regeneration rule and we’ve marked this area for possible re-examination.
Motor Torpedo Boats:
The Dutch were building a group of steel-hulled PT boats in the NEI. Twelve of the first group (TM-4 thru TM-15) were completed when the war broke out (or soon there-after). Some additional units, TM-16 thru TM-21, were still incomplete when Java fell and have been omitted from the OOB.
Tenders:
The Dutch operated a number of tenders of various sizes and types. Many of these ships were multi-purpose and there was some decision-making required to class them as single-purpose vessels. In addition to the five seaplane tenders above, we came up with:
- Four small repair ships, two in commission and two more still under conversion
- Two small PT-tenders (one an obsolete sloop and the other a part-time light house tender)
- Three submarine tenders, two originally in Java and a third arriving in 1942 (was based at Columbo).
Merchant Shipping:
The Dutch had a large merchant fleet that fell into two general categories: local shipping in the NEI and larger, ocean-going vessels. Many of the larger Dutch ships came under the control of the allied navies and were used as transports. The smaller Dutch ships from the Netherlands East Indies gave excellent service, both in the NEI and later in the waters New Guinea.
There are about 60 larger Dutch Transports and Cargo ships in the OOB. Most of these ships are initially located in the NEI – except for those that we were able to definitely identify at some other location or time of arrival. Many of these were taken over as U.S. Army Transports, which gives us some glimpse of their history. A quick read through a detailed history of the Java and South Pacific campaigns will show many of their names.
Another 60 ships were used for local traffic in and around the NEI. These included the famous KPM (Koninkilje Pakavaart Maatchapijj = Royal Dutch Packet Navigation Company) ships that later performed so well in New Guinea. There are two classes of coastal cargo ship, two of KMP or inter-island steamers, and some ships in the original Scenario 15 “Small Transport” class that we were not able to place in other classes.
There are about 30 Dutch Tankers in the OOB – not surprising considering the extensive oilfields in the NEI. About two-thirds of these were smaller ships for local traffic in the NEI and surrounding areas. The remainder were larger, ocean going ships – including a few left in the original Scenario 15 Small Tanker/Large Tanker classes.
RE: Dutch ships
Advanced Aircraft Engine FAQ:
Okay, 'Advanced engines' do not do anything, they are not special or better. They are just a different model of engine. If you switch an aircraft factory to an airplane requiring 'Advanced Mitsubishi engines' you are going to need to switch an engine factory of equal value (or multiple small factories or whatever) to 'Advanced Mitsubishi engines'.
Here is a list of aircraft needing these engines and when.
A6M8 needs Adv Mitsubishi, 4-45
A7M2 needs Adv Mitsu, 7-45
N1K1 needs Adv Nakajima, 8-43
J2M needs Adv Mitsu, 3-43
J7W needs Adv Mitsu, 8-45
B7A/D7A needs Adv Naka, 2-44
P1Y needs Adv Naka, 10-43
N1k2 needs Adv Naka, 6-44
C6N needs Adv Naka, 3-44
Ki83 needs Adv Mitsu, 5-45
Ki84 needs Adv Naka, 5-44
Ki100 needs Adv Mitsu, 2-45
Ki102 needs Adv Mitsu, 6-44
Ki67 needs Adv Mitsu, 4-44
Ki46 III needs Adv Mitsu, 1-43
Thus, the earliest need for Advanced Nakajima is August, '43 while the earliest need for Advanced Mitsubishi is January '43.
Several posters have asked about the Ki48-II bomber. This aircraft is the replacement for the Ki48-I and is first built in April '42. The Ki48-I factories will auto convert.
Mike
Okay, 'Advanced engines' do not do anything, they are not special or better. They are just a different model of engine. If you switch an aircraft factory to an airplane requiring 'Advanced Mitsubishi engines' you are going to need to switch an engine factory of equal value (or multiple small factories or whatever) to 'Advanced Mitsubishi engines'.
Here is a list of aircraft needing these engines and when.
A6M8 needs Adv Mitsubishi, 4-45
A7M2 needs Adv Mitsu, 7-45
N1K1 needs Adv Nakajima, 8-43
J2M needs Adv Mitsu, 3-43
J7W needs Adv Mitsu, 8-45
B7A/D7A needs Adv Naka, 2-44
P1Y needs Adv Naka, 10-43
N1k2 needs Adv Naka, 6-44
C6N needs Adv Naka, 3-44
Ki83 needs Adv Mitsu, 5-45
Ki84 needs Adv Naka, 5-44
Ki100 needs Adv Mitsu, 2-45
Ki102 needs Adv Mitsu, 6-44
Ki67 needs Adv Mitsu, 4-44
Ki46 III needs Adv Mitsu, 1-43
Thus, the earliest need for Advanced Nakajima is August, '43 while the earliest need for Advanced Mitsubishi is January '43.
Several posters have asked about the Ki48-II bomber. This aircraft is the replacement for the Ki48-I and is first built in April '42. The Ki48-I factories will auto convert.
Mike
