Empires in Arms Computer Opponent - AI Development

[pzgndr]

Something I still see on other sites whenever EIA gets mentioned is how bad the AI is. Or more correctly, how bad the AI *was* before I started making improvements and enhancements several years ago. The list is actually quite long (updated for v1.24.03 official update):

Version 1.24.03 (09/22/2022)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.03
=============================================
- 0000826: [minor AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerillas [and Freikorps] do not auto-withdraw from trivial combats - resolved.
- Naval AI weakness for amphibious invasions - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement not working – resolved.
- AI weakness for reinforcing battles with minor corps – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Free States – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Kingdoms or add province to Kingdom – resolved.
- AI winning nation selecting surrender conditions that cannot be met by loser – resolved.
- AI enhancement to perform piracy and anti-piracy operations – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.02
=============================================
- AI combat casualty number displays and game log messages sometimes incorrect - resolved.
- Naval AI weakness for blocking sea crossings - resolved.
- Keep AI bonuses if under siege or enforced peace by a human player (to make the computer opponent more challenging) - resolved.
- AI victor selecting unit/leader/fleet not working correctly during implementation of surrender conditions - resolved.
- Game locking up related to AI transferring factors from garrison to corps – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.01
=============================================
- 0000167: [AI Enhancement] Foolish Spanish AI – closed.
- 0000649: [AI Enhancement] AI leader choice is sometimes quite suboptimal – resolved (best leader now assessed with all four ratings).
- 0000650: [AI Enhancement] Turkish AI arguably places/keeps feudals too much – resolved.
- 0000656: [AI Bug] AI has strange priorities for stacks – closed.
- 0000659: [AI Enhancement] GB AI: 'Dead Frenchmen' bounty? - closed.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Operations with Allies – resolved.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerrillas – resolved (exempted from regular AI battle assignments).
- AI sometimes DOWs minors with insufficient factors in range (e.g., Turkey DOWing Egypt) - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement bug for ships not ready and ships not owned being added to fleets - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.00
=============================================
- AI building too many militia - resolved.

Version 1.23.08 (09/17/2021)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.08
=============================================
- AI enhancements for placing and removing depots - resolved.
- AI-AI naval combat not working correctly - resolved.
- Multiple AI enhancements and adjustments needed - resolved.
- Naval AI not verifying if forces can be loaded on fleet when making check for possible DOW, causing potential lapse of war - resolved.
- AI bonuses on manpower and money adjusted to: Easy AI 5%, Medium AI 15%, Hard AI 25% - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.07
=============================================
- AI enhancements for strategic redeployments - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.06
=============================================
- 0000823: [AI Enhancement] AI Great Britain Economics – resolved, for AI Great Britain blocking American trade with MPs it is at war with and for negotiating peace if at war with United States.
- 0000825: [AI Enhancement] AI Austria Insurrection Corps – resolved.
- AI enhancements for strategic advances and retreats - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.05
=============================================
- Restrict AI unit losses unless necessary if leader assigned - resolved.
- AI attacker-human defender trivial combat not working correctly - resolved.
- AI naval improvements - resolved.
- AI land improvements, strategic retreats and advancements - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.04
=============================================
- AI-AI land combat not always working and locking up game - resolved.
- AI Victory Points in 1812 scenario not showing correct - resolved.
- AI-AI trivial combat not working correctly - resolved.

Version 1.22.02 (4/10/2018)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.22.02
=============================================
- 0000152: [AI Enhancement] AI vs. AI combat now trivial / change to chits assigned – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.22.01
=============================================
- 0000166: [AI Enhancement] AI doesn't defend its navy in port - resolved.
- 0000829: [AI Enhancement] AI never attempts to reinforce - resolved?
- 0000830: [AI Enhancement] AI never commits guard – resolved.
- 0000850: [AI Bug] Battle crash when selecting units to lose - closed, could not reproduce.

Version 1.21.04 (03/18/2017)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.04
=============================================
- AI Enhancement to restrict risky British and Russian amphib invasions into France and Holland prior to 1813 - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.02
=============================================
- 0000819: [AI Enhancement] AI Garrisons - resolved.
- 0000827: [AI Enhancement] AI Builds for Free States - resolved.
- 0000828: [AI Enhancement] AI never fights a second day of combat - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.01
=============================================
- 0000781: [AI Bug] French corps at Paris chose withdraw (which should not have happened) – resolved.
- 0000818: [AI Enhancement] AI Bonuses - resolved.
- 0000820: [AI Enhancement] AI DOWs on Minor Countries – resolved.
- 0000821: [AI Enhancement] AI Builds and Money for Supply – resolved.
- 0000824: [AI Enhancement] AI Ship Building – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.00 (03/01/14)
=============================================
- Fixed issue with AI surrender calculations. It was improperly evaluating forces on map versus enemy forces when trying to decide to sue for peace. Bottom line is that the AI will probably surrender a little earlier to save their forces. – resolved.

As I usually do, I will claim that the AI is more challenging now, but certainly not perfect or as brilliant as a human player may be. Now that v1.23.08 has been out as an official update for a few months, and the installer has been remastered, I hope players (new and old) have had a chance to play against the computer opponent(s) enough to have formed some opinions of it. As I move into code development for v1.24.01, I want to make some further improvements and enhancements to the AI. One item on my list is to improve AI operations with allies, to get the AI to behave more like a human player in requesting help and providing help as an ally.

I am looking for other feedback from players:
1. Are the recent AI bonus changes helpful, or are they too much or too little? My intent would be for Easy to be something for beginners, Medium should be for standard play, and Hard should be challenging for experienced players. Based on feedback, we can easily adjust these bonuses up or down.
2. Are the new AI advances and retreats working well, or are there situations where the AI is being too reckless or not being aggressive enough? I've playtested a couple years into 1805 and 1812 to get to what I think is "just right" and it's tricky to make adjustments without screwing up something else. Players always seem to get into interesting situations that can challenge the programming assumptions. Again, based on feedback, we can make some adjustments to the parameters in the code.
3. Some players like to leave the Lille Crossing option on, but the French and British AI are currently not programmed to defend their sides adequately to prevent an invasion, nor to avoid making reckless invasions. I recommend leaving it off if playing the AI, but this is something I will look at 'fixing'.
4. What else? Within reason, what else would help the AI be more challenging and fun to play against? (He asked him knowingly... )

[pzgndr]

I have been busy working on v1.24.01 and nearing completion. I'm hoping to have a Beta ready for posting later this week. Here's the list of AI changes:

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.01
=============================================
- 0000649: [AI Enhancement] AI leader choice is sometimes quite suboptimal – resolved (best leader now assessed with all four ratings).
- 0000650: [AI Enhancement] Turkish AI arguably places/keeps feudals too much – resolved.
- 0000815: [Game Enhancement] Unable to create new cavalry corps or heavy fleet in game editor – resolved.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Operations with Allies – resolved.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerrillas – resolved (exempted from regular AI battle assignments).
- AI sometimes DOWs minors with insufficient factors in range (e.g., Turkey DOWing Egypt) - resolved.

The AI operations with allies is basically the AI talk code players use to request things from a computer player applied to the computer players requesting help from other computer players. I figure there's limited use for the AI to be requesting help from a human player, it's mostly the other way. We'll see if requesting money, loaned units, and some attacks/defenses work and make a difference.

The Turkey AI will now stand down feudals and return them to play as needed. We'll see how the logic works out.

I looked hard at that Lille Crossing option but struggled to determine decent logic for either France or Great Britain to provide adequate defense without being too much or too little, or for when to attempt crossings without being too much or too little. There's also the consideration for how to react to any simultaneous amphibious landings. I'm putting this in the "Too Hard" box and will strongly recommend leaving the option off unless you've got human players for both Great Britain and France.

Lastly, I welcome any responses to the first two questions I posed above. How are the AI bonuses working out, and how are the AI advances and retreats working out? Please, if you have comments or suggestions, let me know. Once I get the v1.24.01 Beta posted, I'll let it go for a while to get feedback while I aim to wrap up another (final?) official update later in March or April.

[Magpius]

Hi Bill,
I only just purchased the game, ostensibly due to your (and team's), ongoing efforts.
So although I am in no position to comment in depth on A.I, I want to thank you for doing the work, and look forward to whatever future changes can be made.
Regards
A.

[pzgndr]

This is an updated list of AI changes from v1.24.00 through the current v1.25.02 Beta version:

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.02
=============================================
- AI should be taking insurrection and feudal losses first – resolved.
- AI weaknesses with placing new units and adding factors – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.01
=============================================
- AI adjustments for strategic redeployments for some early war aggressive actions – resolved.
- AI adjustments for redeploying forces back to a threatened capital – resolved.
- Turkish AI place/keep feudals issue fixed in 1.24.01 not working – resolved.
- AI adjustments for being able to reach objective areas – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.00
=============================================
- AI-AI naval combat bug – resolved.

Version 1.24.03 (09/22/2022)
Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.03
=============================================
- Naval AI weakness for amphibious invasions - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement not working – resolved.
- AI weakness for reinforcing battles with minor corps – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Free States – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Kingdoms or add province to Kingdom – resolved.
- AI winning nation selecting surrender conditions that cannot be met by loser – resolved.
- AI enhancement to perform piracy and anti-piracy operations – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.02
=============================================
- AI combat casualty number displays and game log messages sometimes incorrect - resolved.
- Naval AI weakness for blocking sea crossings - resolved.
- Keep AI bonuses if under siege or enforced peace by a human player (to make the computer opponent more challenging) - resolved.
- AI victor selecting unit/leader/fleet not working correctly during implementation of surrender conditions - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.01
=============================================
- 0000167: [AI Enhancement] Foolish Spanish AI – closed.
- 0000649: [AI Enhancement] AI leader choice is sometimes quite suboptimal – resolved (best leader now assessed with all four ratings).
- 0000650: [AI Enhancement] Turkish AI arguably places/keeps feudals too much – resolved.
- 0000656: [AI Bug] AI has strange priorities for stacks – closed.
- 0000659: [AI Enhancement] GB AI: 'Dead Frenchmen' bounty? - closed.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Operations with Allies – resolved.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerrillas – resolved (exempted from regular AI battle assignments).
- AI sometimes DOWs minors with insufficient factors in range (e.g., Turkey DOWing Egypt) - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement bug for ships not ready and ships not owned being added to fleets - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.00
=============================================
- AI building too many militia - resolved.

[pzgndr]

Updated list of AI changes from v1.21.00 through the current v1.26.04 version:

Version 1.26.04 (09/13/2024)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.26.04
=============================================
- AI bug with blockading fleet leaving blockade causing a run_blockade battle and game error – resolved.
- Naval combats with AI attacker versus human defender not taking defender losses correctly – resolved.
- Conquered minor country ships not always being returned upon becoming a Free State for human and AI players – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.26.03
=============================================
- Comprehensive AI improvements – resolved.
-- add/remove depots
-- alternate capital protection (Leningrad)
-- amphib ops
-- blockades
-- builds in general and Polish Gd builds added
-- estimated supply costs
-- garrison attacks
-- informal peace and separate peace
-- land and naval redeployments
-- loaned corps
-- money loans from France and Great Britain
-- placing Cossacks
-- reinforcements in general to add new units/factors
-- sieges and besieged unit foraging
- Game freeze on AI finding over-garrisoned cities – resolved.
- Added Restrictions on Territorial Losses rule for AI-controlled opponents only – resolved (human players can use house rules).

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.26.02
=============================================
- Added AI grand strategy options – resolved.
- Updated Fog of War optional rule for AI-AI combat – resolved.
- 0000110: [Game Enhancement] Add: Restrictions on Territorial Losses rule – resolved (v1.24.01 implemented the three province restriction on territorial losses, v1.26.02 implemented the one province per victor restriction for AI only).

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.26.01
=============================================
- AI naval combat not taking losses or recording at-start forces in the game log – resolved.
- AI improvements for Prussia saving manpower and Great Britain loaning money to support wars against France – resolved.
- AI land combat not taking pursuit losses – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.26.00
=============================================
- Updated ai_ai_select_casualties and ai_ai_select_pursuit_casualties consistent with fixes made in v1.25.03 Hotfix – resolved.
- Added new AI National Objectives functions – resolved.
- Adjusted AI naval builds for Spain, Turkey, and Russia vs Great Britain – resolved.
- Adjusted AI supporting land battles – resolved.
- AI-AI combats and human defender versus AI trivial combat attacker not seeing correct losses in game log – resolved.

Version 1.25.03 (08/15/2023)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.03 Hotfix (10/9/2023)
================================================================
- some AI garrisons not taking assault losses - resolved.
- outnumbered AI garrisons keep attacking larger besieging forces - resolved (recently added feature deleted).
- game messages for Attacker to click DONE to resolve siege inappropriate for AI attacker - resolved (\Data\programtext files updated).
- AI not taking correct losses in some battles – resolved.
- human defender versus AI besieger not seeing final forces eliminated for taking losses and not seeing correct losses in game log – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.03
=============================================
- AI unassigned leaders not being assigned or deleted – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.02
=============================================
- AI should be taking insurrection and feudal losses first – resolved.
- AI weaknesses with placing new units and adding factors – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.01
=============================================
- AI adjustments for strategic redeployments for some early war aggressive actions – resolved.
- AI adjustments for redeploying forces back to a threatened capital – resolved.
- Turkish AI place/keep feudals issue fixed in 1.24.01 not working – resolved.
- AI adjustments for being able to reach objective areas – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.25.00
=============================================
- AI-AI naval combat bug – resolved.

Version 1.24.03 (09/22/2022)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.03
=============================================
- 0000826: [minor AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerillas [and Freikorps] do not auto-withdraw from trivial combats - resolved.
- Naval AI weakness for amphibious invasions - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement not working – resolved.
- AI weakness for reinforcing battles with minor corps – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Free States – resolved.
- AI enhancement to create Kingdoms or add province to Kingdom – resolved.
- AI winning nation selecting surrender conditions that cannot be met by loser – resolved.
- AI enhancement to perform piracy and anti-piracy operations – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.02
=============================================
- AI combat casualty number displays and game log messages sometimes incorrect - resolved.
- Naval AI weakness for blocking sea crossings - resolved.
- Keep AI bonuses if under siege or enforced peace by a human player (to make the computer opponent more challenging) - resolved.
- AI victor selecting unit/leader/fleet not working correctly during implementation of surrender conditions - resolved.
- Game locking up related to AI transferring factors from garrison to corps – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.01
=============================================
- 0000167: [AI Enhancement] Foolish Spanish AI – closed.
- 0000649: [AI Enhancement] AI leader choice is sometimes quite suboptimal – resolved (best leader now assessed with all four ratings).
- 0000650: [AI Enhancement] Turkish AI arguably places/keeps feudals too much – resolved.
- 0000656: [AI Bug] AI has strange priorities for stacks – closed.
- 0000659: [AI Enhancement] GB AI: 'Dead Frenchmen' bounty? - closed.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Operations with Allies – resolved.
- 0000822: [AI Enhancement] AI Cossacks and Guerrillas – resolved (exempted from regular AI battle assignments).
- AI sometimes DOWs minors with insufficient factors in range (e.g., Turkey DOWing Egypt) - resolved.
- AI naval reinforcement bug for ships not ready and ships not owned being added to fleets - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.24.00
=============================================
- AI building too many militia - resolved.

Version 1.23.08 (09/17/2021)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.08
=============================================
- AI enhancements for placing and removing depots - resolved.
- AI-AI naval combat not working correctly - resolved.
- Multiple AI enhancements and adjustments needed - resolved.
- Naval AI not verifying if forces can be loaded on fleet when making check for possible DOW, causing potential lapse of war - resolved.
- AI bonuses on manpower and money adjusted to: Easy AI 5%, Medium AI 15%, Hard AI 25% - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.07
=============================================
- AI enhancements for strategic redeployments - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.06
=============================================
- 0000823: [AI Enhancement] AI Great Britain Economics – resolved, for AI Great Britain blocking American trade with MPs it is at war with and for negotiating peace if at war with United States.
- 0000825: [AI Enhancement] AI Austria Insurrection Corps – resolved.
- AI enhancements for strategic advances and retreats - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.05
=============================================
- Restrict AI unit losses unless necessary if leader assigned - resolved.
- AI attacker-human defender trivial combat not working correctly - resolved.
- AI naval improvements - resolved.
- AI land improvements, strategic retreats and advancements - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.23.04
=============================================
- AI-AI land combat not always working and locking up game - resolved.
- AI Victory Points in 1812 scenario not showing correct - resolved.
- AI-AI trivial combat not working correctly - resolved.

Version 1.22.02 (4/10/2018)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.22.02
=============================================
- 0000152: [AI Enhancement] AI vs. AI combat now trivial / change to chits assigned – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.22.01
=============================================
- 0000166: [AI Enhancement] AI doesn't defend its navy in port - resolved.
- 0000829: [AI Enhancement] AI never attempts to reinforce - resolved?
- 0000830: [AI Enhancement] AI never commits guard – resolved.
- 0000850: [AI Bug] Battle crash when selecting units to lose - closed, could not reproduce.

Version 1.21.04 (03/18/2017)

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.04
=============================================
- AI Enhancement to restrict risky British and Russian amphib invasions into France and Holland prior to 1813 - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.02
=============================================
- 0000819: [AI Enhancement] AI Garrisons - resolved.
- 0000827: [AI Enhancement] AI Builds for Free States - resolved.
- 0000828: [AI Enhancement] AI never fights a second day of combat - resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.01
=============================================
- 0000781: [AI Bug] French corps at Paris chose withdraw (which should not have happened) – resolved.
- 0000818: [AI Enhancement] AI Bonuses - resolved.
- 0000820: [AI Enhancement] AI DOWs on Minor Countries – resolved.
- 0000821: [AI Enhancement] AI Builds and Money for Supply – resolved.
- 0000824: [AI Enhancement] AI Ship Building – resolved.

Empires in Arms the Napoleonic Wars - 1.21.00 (03/01/14)
=============================================
- Fixed issue with AI surrender calculations. It was improperly evaluating forces on map versus enemy forces when trying to decide to sue for peace. Bottom line is that the AI will probably surrender a little earlier to save their forces. – resolved.

[pzgndr]

I thought I provided a summary of AI bonuses someplace, but maybe not. Here is a summary of what is currently programmed, some of which is documented and some is not:

NOTE: AI opponents receive the following bonus at the start of the game to reflect a bid:
Easy AI: Receives no bonus.
Medium AI: Receives a random (1-3)% victory point bonus.
Hard AI: Receives a random (2-6)% victory point bonus.

NOTE: AI opponents receive the following bonuses in naval combat:
Easy AI: Receives no bonus.
Medium AI: Receives a +1 wind gauge modifier and a +1 combat die roll modifier versus human opponents in Dominant political status.
Hard AI: Receives a +2 wind gauge modifier and a +2 combat die roll modifier versus human opponent in Dominant political status, and +1 wind gauge modifier and a +1 combat die roll modifier versus human opponents in Normal political status.

NOTE: AI opponents receive the following bonuses in land combat:
Easy AI: Receives no bonus.
Medium AI: Receives a +0.25 start morale bonus, a +1 combat die roll modifier, and a 10% morale loss reduction versus human opponents in Dominant political status.
Hard AI: Receives a +0.50 start morale bonus, a +2 combat die roll modifier, and a 20% morale loss reduction versus human opponents in Dominant political status, and a +0.25 start morale bonus, a +1 combat die roll modifier, and a 10% morale loss reduction versus human opponents in Normal political status.

NOTE: AI opponents receive the following bonuses at the beginning of each Economic Phase:
Easy AI: Receives a 5% bonus on manpower and money.
Medium AI: Receives a 15% bonus on manpower and money.
Hard AI: Receives a 25% bonus on manpower and money.

So, as folks play the latest Offical Update v1.26.04, if the AI computer opponent(s) is not as challenging as it could be, suggestions for adjusting the various bonuses listed above. At Hard AI Difficulty, we want the AI to be very challenging but not necessarily impossible to beat.